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Chemistry > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined.

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2
Q

Can a mixture be separated into simpler substances?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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4
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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5
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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6
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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7
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/1840

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9
Q

Where are protons located?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Where are neutrons located?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Shells surrounding the nucleus

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12
Q

What does the atomic number tell us?

A

The number of protons and electrons

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13
Q

Is the atomic number at the top or bottom on the periodic table?

A

Bottom

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14
Q

What does the mass (nucleus) number tell us?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons COMBINED

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15
Q

What does the group number tell us?

A

Number of outer shell electrons

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16
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

Cation

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17
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

Anion

18
Q

What do acid and alkali react to form?

A

Salt + water

19
Q

What does an acid and base react to form?

A

Salt + water

20
Q

What does an acid and metal react to form?

A

Salt + hydrogen

21
Q

What does an acid and carbonate react to form?

A

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

22
Q

What does hydrocarbon + oxygen form?

A

Carbon dioxide + water

23
Q

What does fractional distillation separate?

A

Liquids with similar boiling points

24
Q

What does a separating funnel separate?

A

Immiscible liquids

25
Q

What does paper chromatography separate?

A

It separates the components in a mixture.

26
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.

27
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The mass of each atom of an element on a scale where 1 atom of Carbon 12 is exactly 12.

28
Q

Why do noble gases not form bonds?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons.

29
Q

Weak forces in simple structures are between…

A

Molecules

30
Q

What are the 3 giant covalent structures?

A

Diamond, silicon dioxide and graphite

31
Q

What atoms are the three giant covalent structures made of?

A

Carbon

32
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

The electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

33
Q

What is a metallic structure?

A

A regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.

34
Q

Can metallic structures conduct heat?

A

Yes as atoms in the metal can vibrate.

35
Q

Do metallic structures conduct electricity?

A

Yes as the delocalised electrons can move throughout the metal

36
Q

Why do metals have a high density?

A

There are a lot of atoms per unit volume.

37
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

38
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

When dissolved or molten

39
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metals

40
Q

Why does alloying make a metal stronger?

A

The additional metal atoms are a different size and break up the regular structure

Layers can no longer slide easily

41
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance that cannot be separated into anything simpler.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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