Basic Concepts

Question 0

Functional group definition

Answer 0

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 1

Homologous series definition

Answer 1

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 2

What are the names of the first 10 members of the alkanes homologous series?

Answer 2

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 3

Formula, prefix and suffix of an alcohol

Answer 3

-OH
Hydroxy-
-ol

Question 4

Formula and suffix of an aldehyde

Answer 4

• CHO

- al

Question 5

Formula and suffix of a ketone

Answer 5

C-CO-C

-one

Question 6

Formula and suffix of a carboxylic acid

Answer 6

• COOH

- oic acid

Question 7

When naming compounds, an aldehyde is always on…

Answer 7

Carbon-1

Question 8

When naming a compound with more than one group attached to it, the groups are listed…

Answer 8

Alphabetically

Question 9

Structural isomers definition

Answer 9

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Question 10

Stereoisomers definition

Answer 10

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 11

E/Z isomerism is…

Answer 11

An example of stereoisomerism. It occurs because of restricted rotation around a C=C bond and when 2 different groups of atoms are attached to each carbon of the C=C bond

Question 12

What is Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 12

A special case of E/Z isomerism in which 2 of the substituent groups are the same

Question 13

The E isomer looks like…

Answer 13

Z

Question 14

The Z isomer looks like…

Answer 14

E

Question 15

The cis isomer looks like…

Answer 15

C

Question 16

The trans isomer looks like…

Answer 16

Z

Question 17

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 17

A type of bond breaking where each atom in the covalent bond receives an electron from the bond, forming 2 radicals

Question 18

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 18

A type of bond breaking in which one atom in the covalent bond receives both of the electrons from the bond, forming a cation and an anion

Question 19

What is a curly arrow?

Answer 19

An arrow that represents the movement of an electron pair, showing either breaking or formation of a covalent bond

Question 20

Percentage yield =

Answer 20

Actual yield / theoretical yield x 100%

Question 21

Atom economy =

Answer 21

Molecular mass of desired products / sum of molecular masses of all products x 100%

Question 22

Which reactions are more efficient, addition reactions or substitution reactions, and why?

Answer 22

Addition reactions are more efficient because they have 100% atom economy whereas substitution reactions produce some by-products and are less efficient. These by-products have to be disposed of, which is expensive, and landfill space is running out.

Question 23

What are the benefits of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy?

Answer 23

There are fewer waste materials