Basic concepts Flashcards
Define hydrocarbon
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
Define saturated
Has single carbon-carbon bonds only
Define unsaturated
Has carbon-carbon multiple bonds
Define homologous series
Molecules possessing the same functional group where each successive member of the series differ by CH2
Define functional group
An atom or groups of atoms which provide the key characteristic chemical reaction of a molecule
What is the functional group of an alkene
C=C
What is the functional group of an Amine
NH2
What is the functional group of a haloalkane
F, Cl, Br or I
What is the functional group of an aldehyde
CHO
What is the functional group of an alcohol
OH
What is the functional group of a ketone
C=O
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid
COOH
What is the functional group of an ester
COO
Define alkyl
They have the general formula CnH2n+1
Define aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight or branched chains or non-aromatic rings
Define alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Define aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Define structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulas
Define homolytic bond fission
Breaking of a covalent bond, with each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming 2 radicals
Define heterolytic bond fission
The breaking of a covalent bind with one bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair forming a cation and an anion
