Basic Concepts Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
Make observations
Formulate a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
What are the states of matter?
Solids, Liquids. Gases. Condensed Matter
What are some qualities of solids?
- Hard, fixed shape.
- Little volume changes with temperature changes.
- Particles are packed closely together in a regular array.
- They vibrate around their average position
- Very low compressibility
What are some qualities of liquids?
- Fluid, no fixed shape
- Fixed volume, little volume change with changes or temperature.
- Random orientation of the particles relative to one another
- They still stay close to one another
- Very low compressibility
What are some qualities of Gasses?
- Fluid, no fixed shape or volume
- Volume and pressure change dramatically with temperature changes
- Particles are far apart
- Particles move fast in a linear motion until they collide with another particle
- When kinetic energy is exchanged, the direction of motion changes.
- Very high compressibility
What are the rules of the Kinetic molecular theory?
- All particles are in motion
- The higher the temperature, the faster the motion
- The energy of the motion is called “kinetic energy”
- The kinetic energy is responsible for the temperature
What is matter?
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
What are some ways we can separate mixtures into their component pure substances?
- Filtration
- Distillation
- Chromatography
What is distillation?
The action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
What is Chromatography?
A chemical process of separating components of a mixture (think COVID test)
What is the formula to find density?
d= m/v
What is the difference between Extensive and Intensive Properties?
Extensive properties depend of the amount of substance: Mass, Volume
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance: melting/boiling point, density.
What kind of property (extensive or intensive) is the following calculation: mass/volume = density. ?
intensive: The ration of two extensive properties is an intensive property.
List all the physical and chemical changes that occur between states of matter.
Solid- Liquid: Melting
Solid- Gas: Sublimation
Liquid- Gas: Vaporization
Gas- Liquid: Liquefaction
Liquid- Solid: Solidification
Gas- Liquid or Solid: Condensation
