Basic Concepst Of OC ✅ Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What is a saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon
Saturated= has single bonds only
Unsaturated= contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds
What is a homologous series
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by addition of a CH2 group
What do alkanes contain
Single carbon to carbon bonds
What is a functional group
Part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for molecules chemical properties, can contain C,H,O,N and halogens
Definition= part of a molecule that is responsible for chemical reactivity
What does alcohol and amine functional groups contain
Alcohol=OH
Amine= NH2
Give 3 reasons why carbon forms a large number of compounds (3 marks)
Forms single, double and triple bonds to other C atoms
C can form chains of C atoms
C forms bonds to other atoms such as O, N and the halogens
How can hydrocarbons be classified as
Aliphatic- C atoms joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branches chains
Alicyclic- C atoms joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches
Aromatic: some or all the C atoms are found in a benzene ring
What is name of homologous series that contains a triple C-C bond
Alkynes
List the 10 stem names
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
Functional group of alkenes and suffix
C=C, ene
Functional group of alcohols, prefix and suffix
-OH, hydroxy, ol
Function group of an aldehyde, suffix
-C=O, CHO, Al
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H
Functional group of a ketone, suffix
O
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C-C-C, -C(CO)C-, -One
Functional group of a carboxylic acid, suffix
-C=OH, COOH, -oic acid
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OH
Functional group and prefix of haloalkane
-Cl -Br -I, Chloro, bromo, iodo
What is molecular formula, give an example
Shows number and type of atoms each element present in a molecule
Eg ethanol is C2H6O
What is the empirical formula, give an example
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
glucose has MOLECULAR OF C6H12O6
EMPIRICAL IS CH2O
What is the general formula, give an example for alkanes and alkenes
Simplest algebraic formula for any member of homologous series
Alkanes= CnH2n+2
Alkenes= CnH2n
What is displaced formula, give an example
Shows relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and then bonds between them
H H
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Eg H-C-C-H For ethene
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H H
What is structural formula, give an example
Uses smallest amount of detail necessary to show arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Eg butane is CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is skeletal formula, give an example
Simplified organic formula
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Eg / \/\/ of 2-methylhexane
What are structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What is homolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks, each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
Definition= breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms takes one electron from the bond to form radicals
