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신류진's Anatomy > Basic Components of living systems > Flashcards

Basic Components of living systems Flashcards

1
Q

What organelles are only found in plants?

A
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Plasmodesmata
  • lamellae (in Chloroplasts)
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2
Q

Plasma membrane (CSM) function and description

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
  • Regulates the movement of substances
  • Receptors for cell signalling
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3
Q

Structure and function of the: Nucleus

A
  • Surrounded by Nuclear Envelope (double membrane)
  • Nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores
  • Contains DNA in form of chromatin
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4
Q

Structure and function of the: Nucleolus

A
  • Where ribosomes are made

- Found in the nucleus

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5
Q

Structure and function of the: Cell Wall

A
  • Rigid insoluble structure made of cellulose
  • Found in plant cells

-Supports Plant cells giving them structure

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6
Q

Structure and function of the: Lysosome

A

-round organelle surrounded by a membrane

  • Contains DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
  • to digest pathogens in phagocytes
  • Break down worn components of the cell
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7
Q

Structure and function of the: Ribosome

A
  • Floats free or attached to RER
  • Made up of proteins and RNA
  • No membrane

-Site of Protein synthesis

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8
Q

Structure and function of the: RER

A
  • fluid-filled space enclosed by membranes
  • Covered with ribosomes (rough)

-folds and processes proteins

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9
Q

Structure and function of the: SEM

A
  • fluid-filled space enclosed by membranes
  • NO RIBOSOMES attached

-Lipid synthesis and storage for carbs

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10
Q

Structure and function of the: Vesicles

A
  • Fluid-filled sac

- Transports substances in and out of the cell

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11
Q

Structure and function of the: Golgi Body

A

-fluid-filled FLATTENED SACS (Cisternae)

  • processes and packages lipids and proteins
  • site of Lysosome synthesis
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12
Q

Structure and function of the: Mitochondria

A
  • Double membraned organelle
  • Folds called cristae to increase SA (for ATP production)
  • Matrix which contains enzymes involved with respiration
  • Site of ATP production
  • Site of AEROBIC respiration
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13
Q

Structure and function of the: Chloroplast

A
  • flattened double-membrane structure
  • inside has membranes called THYLAKOID MEMBRANES
  • Contains stacks grana linked by lamellae
  • Site of photosynthesis
  • in stroma and grana
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14
Q

Structure and function of the: Centrioles

A
  • small hollow cylinders
  • made up of microtubules

-Involved with the separation of chromosomes in mitosis (PMAT - anaphase-)

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15
Q

Structure and function of the: Cilia

A
  • small hair-like structure

- move substances across the cell surface (bronchi mucus)

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16
Q

Structure and function of the: Flagellum

A
  • protrude from the cell surface
  • microtubules contract to move flagellum

-enables cell mobility (sperm, bacteria)

17
Q

A big one: Explain protein production

A
  • DNA contains the gene to make the protein
  • DNA is copied by mRNA and travels to the ribosome in the RER through the nuclear pores
  • Protein is synthesized by the ribosomes and processed at the RER and packaged into a vesicle
  • Protein moves to the Golgi body via microtubules
  • Golgi Body processes and modify the protein (addition of carbohydrates or lipids etc)
  • Golgi body packages it into a vesicle
  • Travels to the plasma membrane where it fuses with the membrane and is secreted
18
Q

The function of the Cytoskeleton

A
  • Microtubules and microfilaments support organelles
  • Strengthen the cell and the shape (intermediate fibres)
  • aids transport within cells
  • Centrioles responsible for the movement of chromosomes
  • Cell Movement
19
Q

What makes up microtubules and microfilaments?

A

Microtubules: globular protein tubulin
Microfilaments: actin protein

20
Q

Differences between prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes

A
  • 1/10 size of eukaryotic cells
  • free-floating DNA (circular DNA)
  • plasmid
  • CELL WALL (made from peptidoglycan)
  • no membrane-bound organelles
  • flagella
  • smaller ribosomes
  • NO NUCLEUS

신류진's Anatomy (10 decks)

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