Basic Components of living systems Flashcards
What organelles are only found in plants?
- Permanent vacuole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesmata
- lamellae (in Chloroplasts)
Plasma membrane (CSM) function and description
- phospholipid bilayer
- with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
- Regulates the movement of substances
- Receptors for cell signalling
Structure and function of the: Nucleus
- Surrounded by Nuclear Envelope (double membrane)
- Nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores
- Contains DNA in form of chromatin
Structure and function of the: Nucleolus
- Where ribosomes are made
- Found in the nucleus
Structure and function of the: Cell Wall
- Rigid insoluble structure made of cellulose
- Found in plant cells
-Supports Plant cells giving them structure
Structure and function of the: Lysosome
-round organelle surrounded by a membrane
- Contains DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
- to digest pathogens in phagocytes
- Break down worn components of the cell
Structure and function of the: Ribosome
- Floats free or attached to RER
- Made up of proteins and RNA
- No membrane
-Site of Protein synthesis
Structure and function of the: RER
- fluid-filled space enclosed by membranes
- Covered with ribosomes (rough)
-folds and processes proteins
Structure and function of the: SEM
- fluid-filled space enclosed by membranes
- NO RIBOSOMES attached
-Lipid synthesis and storage for carbs
Structure and function of the: Vesicles
- Fluid-filled sac
- Transports substances in and out of the cell
Structure and function of the: Golgi Body
-fluid-filled FLATTENED SACS (Cisternae)
- processes and packages lipids and proteins
- site of Lysosome synthesis
Structure and function of the: Mitochondria
- Double membraned organelle
- Folds called cristae to increase SA (for ATP production)
- Matrix which contains enzymes involved with respiration
- Site of ATP production
- Site of AEROBIC respiration
Structure and function of the: Chloroplast
- flattened double-membrane structure
- inside has membranes called THYLAKOID MEMBRANES
- Contains stacks grana linked by lamellae
- Site of photosynthesis
- in stroma and grana
Structure and function of the: Centrioles
- small hollow cylinders
- made up of microtubules
-Involved with the separation of chromosomes in mitosis (PMAT - anaphase-)
Structure and function of the: Cilia
- small hair-like structure
- move substances across the cell surface (bronchi mucus)
Structure and function of the: Flagellum
- protrude from the cell surface
- microtubules contract to move flagellum
-enables cell mobility (sperm, bacteria)
A big one: Explain protein production
- DNA contains the gene to make the protein
- DNA is copied by mRNA and travels to the ribosome in the RER through the nuclear pores
- Protein is synthesized by the ribosomes and processed at the RER and packaged into a vesicle
- Protein moves to the Golgi body via microtubules
- Golgi Body processes and modify the protein (addition of carbohydrates or lipids etc)
- Golgi body packages it into a vesicle
- Travels to the plasma membrane where it fuses with the membrane and is secreted
The function of the Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules and microfilaments support organelles
- Strengthen the cell and the shape (intermediate fibres)
- aids transport within cells
- Centrioles responsible for the movement of chromosomes
- Cell Movement
What makes up microtubules and microfilaments?
Microtubules: globular protein tubulin
Microfilaments: actin protein
Differences between prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes
- 1/10 size of eukaryotic cells
- free-floating DNA (circular DNA)
- plasmid
- CELL WALL (made from peptidoglycan)
- no membrane-bound organelles
- flagella
- smaller ribosomes
- NO NUCLEUS
