Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass. It comes in three forms: solid, liquid, gas.

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object.

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

Question 4

Trace elements

Answer 4

Elements that you cannot live without but are required in a really small amount.

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

Combined elements that make a new substance.

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. Composed of subatomic particles such as protons (+), electrons (-), neutrons (0).

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Central cell core packed with protons and neutrons.

Question 8

Atomic number

Answer 8

The number of protons in an atom determines the atomic number of the element.

Question 9

Mass number

Answer 9

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

Listed in the periodic table as the bottom number of the element. Sum of its protons and neutrons.

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Isotopes of an element has the same amount of protons and behave identically in chemical reactions but have different amount of neutrons.

Question 12

Ionic bonds

Answer 12

A chemical bond created by oppositely charged ions. (ionic compounds are known as salts).

Question 13

Covalent bonds

Answer 13

Covalent bonds are created by atoms that share one or more pair of electrons.

Question 14

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds have an uneven distribution of charge that creates poles. Opposite charges attract and create these weak bonds.

Question 15

Cohension

Answer 15

The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind. Water has strong cohensive forces because of their hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

Evaporating cooling

Answer 16

When a substance changes from liquid to gas.

Question 17

Solution

Answer 17

A homogenous mixture consisting of two or more substances.

Question 18

Solvent

Answer 18

The dissolving agent in a solution.

Question 19

Solute

Answer 19

The substance that gets dissolved in a solution.

Question 20

Aqueous solution

Answer 20

The solution is aqueous when water is the solvent.

Question 21

Acid

Answer 21

Chemical compound that releases H+ in a solution is considered an acid.

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

Chemical compund that accepts H+ ions and removes them from a solution. Sometimes by releasing OH- which combines with H+ to form H2O.

Question 23

pH-scale

Answer 23

Scale that measures the H+ ion concentration in a solution. From 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).

Question 24

Buffer

Answer 24

A solution that can resist Ph-change upon the addition of acidic or basic components.

Question 25

Functional groups

Answer 25

Functional groups are specific arrangements of atoms that determine their chemical behaviour. They give molecules distinct properties and reactivity. Examples: hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and amino (-NH2) groups.