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ANPH111 > BASIC CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

BASIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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2
Q

The quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work or to produce heat. It has no mass but can be measured. It drives all the chemical reactions in the body

A

Energy

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3
Q

Plants extract ___ and ___ from the atmosphere which becomes the building block bio matter

A

CO2 and Nitrogen

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4
Q

Fundamental Substance composing of matter

A

Elements

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5
Q

Building block of elements. A particular element has a unique physical and chemical property

A

Atoms

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6
Q

Dense inner core of the atom

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

Positively charged particle

A

protons

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8
Q

With no charge

A

Neutron

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9
Q

Negatively charged surrounding the neutrons

A

Electrons

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10
Q

Combination of two or more atoms of the same element held together by chemical bonds

A

Molecule

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11
Q

2 or more different atoms are bound together

A

Compound

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12
Q

Means different. You can see the different phases of the mixture

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

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13
Q

Means the same. You cannot see the different phases of the mixture

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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14
Q

Homogeneous mixture of two or more components

A

solution

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15
Q

substance present in greatest quantity; dissolves the solute

A

solven

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16
Q

substance in lesser quantity

A

solute

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17
Q

heterogeneous mixture that appears milky and translucent

A

colloids

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18
Q

examples of colloids

A

gelatin and cytosol

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19
Q

heterogeneous mixture with large, often visible solute

A

suspension

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20
Q

example of suspension

A

blood

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21
Q

charged particles

A

ions

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22
Q

positively charged ion

A

cation

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23
Q

negatively charged ions

A

anions

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24
Q

ions dissolved in solution

A

electrolytes

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25
Q

chemical union of two or more atoms

A

bonds

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26
Q

electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
An electron rich atom ( negatively charged ) transfers electrons to electron deficient atom ( positively charged )

A

ionic bond

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27
Q

ionic bod example

A

NaCl

28
Q

electrons shared by the atoms

A

covalent bond

29
Q

covalent bond example

A

O2

30
Q

Hydrogen atoms already linked covalently to one electronegative atom is attracted by
another electronegative atom .

A

Hydrogen Bond

31
Q

Two or more substances react to produce a single new substance

A

synthesis

32
Q

a reaction where a more complex molecule breaks down to form two or more simpler products

A

decomposition reaction

33
Q

chemical reaction in which one element is replaced by another in a compound

A

single displacement

34
Q

metathesis reaction. two compounds exchange ions to produce two new compounds.

A

double displacement reaction

35
Q

-log[H+]

A

pH

36
Q

negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ion. measure of acidity or basicity

A

pH

37
Q

neutral pH level

A

7

38
Q

less than pH level of 7

A

acidic

39
Q

above pH level of 7

A

basic

40
Q

solution that resists ph changes when an acid or base is added.
- Contains an acid and its conjugate base.

A

buffer

41
Q

Passive Movements

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

42
Q

solutes from area of greater to lesser solute concentration

A

Simple diffusion-movement

43
Q

molecules move from greater to lesser solute concentration using a carrier to move the molecule cross the membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

44
Q

Movement of water molecules from an area of lesser solute to greater solute concentration.

A

osmosis

45
Q

requires energy

A

active movement

46
Q

movement of particles against concentration gradient

A

active transport

47
Q
  • Hydrates of carbon.
  • Contain hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. - Can be monosaccharides, disaccharides or
    polysaccharide
A

carbohydrates

48
Q
  • smallest carbohydrate molecules
    ex. glucose, galactose, mannose and fructose
A

monosaccharides

49
Q
  • combination of two monosaccharides
    Ex. Maltose, lactose and sucrose
A

disaccharides

50
Q

Ex. starch and cellulose- Storage form of plant glucose.
- glycogen- storage form of glucose
in animals

A

polysaccharides

51
Q

functions of carbohydrates

A

structural
energy storage
transport function
regulatory function
catalytic function
antigen antibody interactions
cell lubrication and supportive function
components of cellular membrane
components of protective cellular coats

52
Q
  • Group of compounds with diverse chemical structure and composition, sharing the common property of being insoluble in water but soluble in other lipids and organic compounds such as either, chloroform and alcohol.
  • Usually classified according to their solubility
  • Can be classified as simple lipids, complex lipid and precursor or derived lipids
A

lipids

53
Q

esters of fatty acids with various alcohol
Ex.
- Neutral Fats -Triglyceride
b. Waxes- e.g.
- beeswax, - lanolin

A

simple lipids

54
Q

ester of fatty acids containing other groups in addition to an alcohol and fatty acid
Ex.
a. Phospholipids
- Phosphatidylcholin (lecithin)
b. Glycolipids/ glycosphigolipids
- sphingomyelins - ceramides and - gangliosides

A

complex lipids

55
Q

Ex.
- Steroids,
- ketone bodies,
- prostaglandins

A

PRECURSOR AND DERIVED LIPIDS

56
Q

functions of lipids

A
  1. Membrane structural components
  2. Intracellular storage depot of metabolic fuel
  3. Transport form of metabolic fuel
  4. Receptors in nerve ending membranes
  5. Determinants of immunologic specificity
  6. Enzyme cofactors
57
Q

polymer of amino acids

A

proteins

58
Q

classifications of protein according to

A

composition and conformation

59
Q

contains amino acids only

A

simple protein

60
Q

complex or conjugated with non-amino acid
e.g. Lipoproteins, Glycoproteins

A

compound protein

61
Q

e.g. Collagen, Elastin, Keratin

A

fibrous

62
Q

enzymes and albumin

A

globular

63
Q

biologic functions of proteins

A
  1. Catalytic role Ex. Enzymes
  2. Contraction
    Ex. Actin and myosin
  3. Gene regulation
    Ex. Histones, non-histone nuclear
    proteins
  4. Transport
    Ex. Transferring 5. Protection
    Ex. fibrin, immunoglobulin 6. Regulatory
    Ex. Protein hormones 7. Structural
    Ex. collagen
64
Q

made up of nucleotides, a molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, phosphate and pentose sugar

A

nucleic acid

65
Q

central information storage molecules
- Carry the hereditary message of the organism

A

DNA

66
Q

Needed in the synthesis of cell protein

A

RNA

ANPH111 (2 decks)

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