Basic Cell Structure

Question 0

Cytoplasm

Answer 0

Place of many metabolic processes of the cell; stores nutrients and dissolved solutes

Contains cytosol, a viscous fluid and inclusions and organelles

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Function: contains receptors for communication; forms intercellular connection; acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents; regulates material movement into and out of the cell.
Structure: phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins and some carbohydrates.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

The cells control center
Controls protein synthesis and directs the structural and functional characteristics of the cell. All genetic information DNA, site of ribosome subunit assembly.

Surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope contains a nucleolus and chromatin.

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus.

Spherical, dark staining, dense granular region in the nucleus.

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

Site of genes in the DNA

Filament ours association of DNA and histone proteins.

Question 5

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs and alcohol.

Interconnected network of membrane tubules and vesicles; no Ribosomes

Question 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes; transports and stores molecules.

Flattened intercellular network of membrane sacs called disternae; Ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface.

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus (Complex)

Answer 7

Modifies, packs, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion, inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis.

Stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs with associated transport vesicles (also called shuttle vesicles)

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Synthesizes most ATP during cellular respiration; Powerhouse of Cell

Double membrane structures with cristac; fluid matrix contents at center

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Synthesize proteins for:

1) use in the cell (free ribosomes)
2) secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane, or lysosomes (fixed ribosomes)

Dense cytoplasmic granular w/ two subunits (large & small); maybe free in cytoplasm (Free R) or bound to rough ER (Fixed R)

Question 10

Cilia

Answer 10

Moves saliva, mucus, & material over cell surface

Lines respiratory & reproductive tract

Short membrane-attached projections containing micro tubules; occur in large number on exposed membrane surfaces

Question 11

Flagellum

Answer 11

Propels sperm cells in human males

Long, singular membrane extension containing micro tubules

Question 12

Microvilli

Answer 12

Increases membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion

Numerous thine brand folds projecting from the free cell surface