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Cytology 2024 > basic cell biology from cyto book > Flashcards

basic cell biology from cyto book Flashcards

1
Q

match the cyclin with the kinase and the cell cycle

A

G0 : cyclin C + CDK3
G1: cyclin D and E + CDK2,4,&6
S: cyclin A and E + CDK2
G2: cyclin A + CDK2 & CDK1
M: cyclin B + CDK1

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2
Q

match CDK inhibitors to their binding

A

INK 4 binds to CDK4 and D type cyclins - regulate the g1 phase
CIP/KIP proteins bind to cdk/cyclin 1/B, 2/a, 2/E - regulate at any check point

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3
Q

extrinsic apoptosis

A

mediated by ligand binding on the cell surface receptors (FAS, TNF
activate caspase 8 and 10 by procaspase 9
then cleave and activate executioner caspase 3, 6, 7

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4
Q

intrinsic apoptosis

A

mitochondrial pathway
cell stress or damage to dna
mediated by p53 and then transcription of proapoptotic proteins. leading to increased mitochondrial permeability and leakage of cytochrome c. this binds to apaf1 forming the 7 spoke apoptosome and cleave procaspase 9 - caspase 9 to activate executionaer caspases 3,6,7

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5
Q

malignant transformation 5 steps

A
  1. mutagenic event
  2. leads to repair, apoptosis or failed repair
  3. failed repair leads to perpetuation of genomic defect in daughter cells
  4. progression = clonal expansion of mutated cell. premalignant
  5. promotion = acquisition of additional genetic mutations to support growth and survival
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6
Q

gate keeper tumor suppressor genes genes

A

control cell growth through cell cycle regulation and programed cell death

loss of function leads to cancer

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7
Q

care giver tumor suppressor genes

A

protect the genome through regulation of dna repair

loss of function leads to cancer

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8
Q

onco genes

A

code for normal cell machinery involved in cell growth and differentiation

gain of function mutations lead to cancer
- point mutation, gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, viral insertions

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9
Q

APC
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor suppressor
  • cell adhesion and signal transduction
  • colorectal cancer
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10
Q

VHL
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor suppressor
  • transcriptional elongation regualtion
  • schwannoma, meningioma, etc
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11
Q

PTEN
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor suppressor
  • phosphatase
  • hamartoma, glioma, etc
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12
Q

RB1
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor suppressor
  • cell cycle control
  • OSA others
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13
Q

TP53
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • cell cycle control, apoptosis
  • sarcoma, leukemia, etc
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14
Q

NF1
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • Tumor supressor
  • ras gap activity
  • neurofibroma, sarcoma , etc
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15
Q

CDKN2A
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • cell cycle control
  • melanoma, pancreatic cancer
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16
Q

WT1
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • transcription factor
  • nephroblastoma
17
Q

BRCA 1/2
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • DNA repair, cycle checkpoint control
  • Breast and ovarian cancer
18
Q

ATM
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • dna repair
  • lymphoma
19
Q

FANCA
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • dna rapair
  • acute myeloid leukemia
20
Q

MLH1
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumro supressor
  • dna mismatch repair
  • lymphoma, sarcoma
21
Q

NER
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • tumor supressor
  • nucleotide excision repair
  • skin cancer
22
Q

ALK
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • receptor tyrosine kinase
  • lymphoma
23
Q

BCL2
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • anti-apoptotic protein
  • lymphoma leukemia
24
Q

C-MYC
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • transcription
  • leukemia, carcinoma, etc
25
Q

EGFR
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • cell surface receptor
  • SCC
26
Q

GLI
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • transcription factor
  • glioblastoma
27
Q

KIT
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • receptor tyrosine kinase
  • sarcoma gi stromal tumor mct
28
Q

JUN
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • transcription factor
  • sarcom
29
Q

RAS
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • g protein signal transduction
  • carcinoma
30
Q

RET
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • receptor tyrosine kinase
  • thryoid carcinoma, endocrine neoplasia
31
Q

SIS
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • growth factor
  • glioma, fibrosarcoma
32
Q

SRC
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • tryosine kinase
  • sarcoma
33
Q

TRK
- what kind of gene
- what does it do
- what associated cancer

A
  • oncogene
  • receptor tyrosine kinase
  • colon, thyroid cancer

Cytology 2024 (2 decks)

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