Basic Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is the axial length of the average eye?

a. 24.5 mm
b. 25.5 mm
c. 26.5 mm
d. 27.5 mm

Answer 1

26.5 mm

Question 2

What is another word for the eyelids?

a. Tarsus
b. Blepherus
c. Ptosis
d. Palpebrae

Answer 2

Palpebrae

Question 3

What muscle relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag?

a. Frontalis
b. Orbicularis
c. Muller’s
d. Levator

Answer 3

Frontalis

Question 4

What is the size of the bony orbit in the average adult?

a. 25mm x 30mm
b. 25mm x 35mm
c. 30mm x 45mm
d. 35mm x 40mm

Answer 4

35mm x 40mm

Question 5

Reflex tears are produced by _______ and are generally caused by ______.

a. the glands of Krause / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
b. the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
c. the glands of Wolfring / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
d. the glands of Zeis / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.

Answer 5

the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.

Question 6

Which glands produce basic tear secretion?

a. Lacrimal glands
b. Glands of Wolfring
c. Glands of Krause
d. b & c

Answer 6

b & c
Glands of Wolfring
Glands of Krause

Question 7

The three layers of the tear film in order from outermost to innermost are the _____, _____ and _____.

a. Lipid, aqueous, mucin
b. Mucin, aqueous, lipid
c. Aqueous, lipid, mucin
d. Aqueous, mucin, lipid

Answer 7

Lipid, aqueous, mucin

Question 8

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for prevention of evaporation is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

Answer 8

Lipid

Question 9

The layer of tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

Answer 9

Aqueous

Question 10

The layer of tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

Answer 10

Mucin

Question 11

The term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is _____.

a. Tear lake
b. Tear Prism
c. Tear meniscus
d. All of the above

Answer 11

All of the above

Question 12

What is the term for the eyelids turning outward?

a. Ptosis
b. Ectropion
c. Endothalmus
d. Ichthalmus

Answer 12

Ectropion

Question 13

What is the term for the eyelids turning inward?

a. Ptosis
b. Exothalmus
c. Entropion
d. Ichthalmus

Answer 13

Entropion

Question 14

What is the name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and the globe of the eye?

a. Mucoid
b. Mucin
c. Palpebrae
d. Conjunctiva

Answer 14

Conjunctiva

Question 15

What do the goblet cells produce?

a. Lipids
b. Mucous
c. Aqueous
d. Nutrients

Answer 15

Mucous

Question 16

What is the term for inflammation of the conjunctiva?

a. Conjunctivitos
b. Conjunctivotis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Conjunctovitos

Answer 16

Conjunctivitis

Question 17

The outer tunic consists of the _____, _____ and additionally the _____ and is _____.

a. sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous
b. sclera / cornea / crystalline lens/ fibrous
c. cornea / crystalline lens / limbus / vascular
d. cornea / sclera / limbus / vascular

Answer 17

sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous

Question 18

The five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost in order are _____.

a. Endothelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, epithelium
b. Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium
c. Epithelium, Descemet’s membrane, stroma, Bowman’s layer, endothelium
d. Endothelium, Descenment’s membrane, stroma, Bowmans layer, epithelium

Answer 18

Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium

Question 19

The average power of the cornea is _____?

a. 40.00 - 45.00 diopters
b. 41.50 - 46.50 diopters
c. 42.00 - 45.00 diopters
d. 42.00 - 46.00 diopters

Answer 19

42.00 - 45.00 diopters

Question 20

The cornea receives oxygen from _____.

a. Tears, blood vessels
b. Aqueous, tears
c. Blood vessels, aqueous
d. Tears, nerves

Answer 20

Tears, blood vessels

Question 21

How many layers are there in the epithelium?

a. 3 - 4
b. 3 - 5
c. 4 - 6
d. 5 - 7

Answer 21

5 - 7

Question 22

If this layer of the cornea is damaged, scar tissue will form.

a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s layer
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium

Answer 22

Bowman’s Layer

Question 23

If the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells, more quickly and cause swelling of the eye.

a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s Layers
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium

Answer 23

Endothelium

Question 24

The canal of schlemm encircles the _____ region, which is where the aqueous drains into the trabecular meshwork.

a. Limbal
b. Aqueous
c. Scleral
d. Corneal

Answer 24

Limbal

Question 25

The middle tunic is the _____ tunic and is located between the _____ and _____. a. Vascular / sclera / vitreous b. Vascular / cornea / sclera c. Fibrous / sclera / retina d. Vascular / sclera / retina

Answer 25

Vascular / sclera / retina

Question 26

The ciliary body consists of the _____ and the _____. a. Ciliary muscle / ciliary process b. Anterior chamber / posterior chamber c. Aqueous / vitreous d. Trabecular meshwork / canal of schlemm

Answer 26

Ciliary muscle / ciliary process

Question 27

The anterior chamber is located _____. a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris d. Between the back surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens.

Answer 27

Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris

Question 28

The posterior chamber is located _____. a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris d. Between the bank surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens

Answer 28

Between the iris and the crystalline lens

Question 29

An inflammation of the iris is called _____. a. Blepharitis b. Keratitis c. Conjunctivitis d. Iritis

Answer 29

Iritis

Question 30

A difference in pupil size is called _____. a. Anopsia b. Anopupilia c. Anisocoria d. Anipupilia

Answer 30

Anisocoria

Question 31

Which muscle constricts causing the pupil to become smaller? a. Sphincter b. Dilator c. Orbicularis d. Levator

Answer 31

Sphincter

Question 32

Which muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger? a. Sphincter b. Dilator c. Orbicularis d. Levator

Answer 32

Dilator

Question 33

The inner tunic is the _____ and the _____tunic. a. retina / photoceptive b. retina / choroid c. retina / light sensitive d. retina / vascular

Answer 33

retina / light sensitive

Question 34

The aqueous humor is produced by the _____. a. ciliary body b. ciliary process c. choroid d. vascular tunic

Answer 34

ciliary process

Question 35

If a patient experiences "floaters", where are they located? a. In the crystalline lens b. In the vitreous c. In the aqueous d. In the retina

Answer 35

In the vitreous

Question 36

Absence of the crystalline lens is referred to as _____. a. pseudophakia b. cataract c. aphakia d. lenticular

Answer 36

aphakia

Question 37

How much amplitude of accommodation does the average person have at birth? a. 10 diopters b. 15 diopters c. 20 diopters d. 25 diopters

Answer 37

15 diopters

Question 38

Loss of accommodation is called _____. a. aphakia b. pseudophakia c. presbyopia d. cataract

Answer 38

presbyopia

Question 39

List the 6 extraocular muscles, listing the four straight muscles first and then the two slanting muscles last. a. Superior oblique, inferior oblique, medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus b. Superior oblique, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus c. Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique d. medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Answer 39

medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Question 40

A term that refers to the definite turning of an eye is _____. a. tonicity b. diplopia c. tropia d. phoria

Answer 40

tropia