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Dispensing Optician > Basic Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial length of the average eye?

a. 24.5 mm
b. 25.5 mm
c. 26.5 mm
d. 27.5 mm

A

26.5 mm

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2
Q

What is another word for the eyelids?

a. Tarsus
b. Blepherus
c. Ptosis
d. Palpebrae

A

Palpebrae

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3
Q

What muscle relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag?

a. Frontalis
b. Orbicularis
c. Muller’s
d. Levator

A

Frontalis

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4
Q

What is the size of the bony orbit in the average adult?

a. 25mm x 30mm
b. 25mm x 35mm
c. 30mm x 45mm
d. 35mm x 40mm

A

35mm x 40mm

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5
Q

Reflex tears are produced by _______ and are generally caused by ______.

a. the glands of Krause / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
b. the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
c. the glands of Wolfring / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
d. the glands of Zeis / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.

A

the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.

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6
Q

Which glands produce basic tear secretion?

a. Lacrimal glands
b. Glands of Wolfring
c. Glands of Krause
d. b & c

A

b & c
Glands of Wolfring
Glands of Krause

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7
Q

The three layers of the tear film in order from outermost to innermost are the _____, _____ and _____.

a. Lipid, aqueous, mucin
b. Mucin, aqueous, lipid
c. Aqueous, lipid, mucin
d. Aqueous, mucin, lipid

A

Lipid, aqueous, mucin

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8
Q

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for prevention of evaporation is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

A

Lipid

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9
Q

The layer of tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

A

Aqueous

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10
Q

The layer of tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the _____ layer.

a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above

A

Mucin

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11
Q

The term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is _____.

a. Tear lake
b. Tear Prism
c. Tear meniscus
d. All of the above

A

All of the above

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12
Q

What is the term for the eyelids turning outward?

a. Ptosis
b. Ectropion
c. Endothalmus
d. Ichthalmus

A

Ectropion

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13
Q

What is the term for the eyelids turning inward?

a. Ptosis
b. Exothalmus
c. Entropion
d. Ichthalmus

A

Entropion

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14
Q

What is the name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and the globe of the eye?

a. Mucoid
b. Mucin
c. Palpebrae
d. Conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

What do the goblet cells produce?

a. Lipids
b. Mucous
c. Aqueous
d. Nutrients

A

Mucous

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16
Q

What is the term for inflammation of the conjunctiva?

a. Conjunctivitos
b. Conjunctivotis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Conjunctovitos

A

Conjunctivitis

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17
Q

The outer tunic consists of the _____, _____ and additionally the _____ and is _____.

a. sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous
b. sclera / cornea / crystalline lens/ fibrous
c. cornea / crystalline lens / limbus / vascular
d. cornea / sclera / limbus / vascular

A

sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous

18
Q

The five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost in order are _____.

a. Endothelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, epithelium
b. Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium
c. Epithelium, Descemet’s membrane, stroma, Bowman’s layer, endothelium
d. Endothelium, Descenment’s membrane, stroma, Bowmans layer, epithelium

A

Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium

19
Q

The average power of the cornea is _____?

a. 40.00 - 45.00 diopters
b. 41.50 - 46.50 diopters
c. 42.00 - 45.00 diopters
d. 42.00 - 46.00 diopters

A

42.00 - 45.00 diopters

20
Q

The cornea receives oxygen from _____.

a. Tears, blood vessels
b. Aqueous, tears
c. Blood vessels, aqueous
d. Tears, nerves

A

Tears, blood vessels

21
Q

How many layers are there in the epithelium?

a. 3 - 4
b. 3 - 5
c. 4 - 6
d. 5 - 7

A

5 - 7

22
Q

If this layer of the cornea is damaged, scar tissue will form.

a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s layer
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium

A

Bowman’s Layer

23
Q

If the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells, more quickly and cause swelling of the eye.

a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s Layers
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium

A

Endothelium

24
Q

The canal of schlemm encircles the _____ region, which is where the aqueous drains into the trabecular meshwork.

a. Limbal
b. Aqueous
c. Scleral
d. Corneal

A

Limbal

25
Q

The middle tunic is the _____ tunic and is located between the _____ and _____.

a. Vascular / sclera / vitreous
b. Vascular / cornea / sclera
c. Fibrous / sclera / retina
d. Vascular / sclera / retina

A

Vascular / sclera / retina

26
Q

The ciliary body consists of the _____ and the _____.

a. Ciliary muscle / ciliary process
b. Anterior chamber / posterior chamber
c. Aqueous / vitreous
d. Trabecular meshwork / canal of schlemm

A

Ciliary muscle / ciliary process

27
Q

The anterior chamber is located _____.

a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens
b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina
c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris
d. Between the back surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens.

A

Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris

28
Q

The posterior chamber is located _____.

a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens
b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina
c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris
d. Between the bank surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens

A

Between the iris and the crystalline lens

29
Q

An inflammation of the iris is called _____.

a. Blepharitis
b. Keratitis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Iritis

A

Iritis

30
Q

A difference in pupil size is called _____.

a. Anopsia
b. Anopupilia
c. Anisocoria
d. Anipupilia

A

Anisocoria

31
Q

Which muscle constricts causing the pupil to become smaller?

a. Sphincter
b. Dilator
c. Orbicularis
d. Levator

A

Sphincter

32
Q

Which muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger?

a. Sphincter
b. Dilator
c. Orbicularis
d. Levator

A

Dilator

33
Q

The inner tunic is the _____ and the _____tunic.

a. retina / photoceptive
b. retina / choroid
c. retina / light sensitive
d. retina / vascular

A

retina / light sensitive

34
Q

The aqueous humor is produced by the _____.

a. ciliary body
b. ciliary process
c. choroid
d. vascular tunic

A

ciliary process

35
Q

If a patient experiences “floaters”, where are they located?

a. In the crystalline lens
b. In the vitreous
c. In the aqueous
d. In the retina

A

In the vitreous

36
Q

Absence of the crystalline lens is referred to as _____.

a. pseudophakia
b. cataract
c. aphakia
d. lenticular

A

aphakia

37
Q

How much amplitude of accommodation does the average person have at birth?

a. 10 diopters
b. 15 diopters
c. 20 diopters
d. 25 diopters

A

15 diopters

38
Q

Loss of accommodation is called _____.

a. aphakia
b. pseudophakia
c. presbyopia
d. cataract

A

presbyopia

39
Q

List the 6 extraocular muscles, listing the four straight muscles first and then the two slanting muscles last.

a. Superior oblique, inferior oblique, medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus
b. Superior oblique, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus
c. Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
d. medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

A

medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

40
Q

A term that refers to the definite turning of an eye is _____.

a. tonicity
b. diplopia
c. tropia
d. phoria

A

tropia

Dispensing Optician (18 decks)

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