Basic Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the axial length of the average eye?
a. 24.5 mm
b. 25.5 mm
c. 26.5 mm
d. 27.5 mm
26.5 mm
What is another word for the eyelids?
a. Tarsus
b. Blepherus
c. Ptosis
d. Palpebrae
Palpebrae
What muscle relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag?
a. Frontalis
b. Orbicularis
c. Muller’s
d. Levator
Frontalis
What is the size of the bony orbit in the average adult?
a. 25mm x 30mm
b. 25mm x 35mm
c. 30mm x 45mm
d. 35mm x 40mm
35mm x 40mm
Reflex tears are produced by _______ and are generally caused by ______.
a. the glands of Krause / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
b. the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
c. the glands of Wolfring / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
d. the glands of Zeis / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
the lacrimal glands / stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions.
Which glands produce basic tear secretion?
a. Lacrimal glands
b. Glands of Wolfring
c. Glands of Krause
d. b & c
b & c
Glands of Wolfring
Glands of Krause
The three layers of the tear film in order from outermost to innermost are the _____, _____ and _____.
a. Lipid, aqueous, mucin
b. Mucin, aqueous, lipid
c. Aqueous, lipid, mucin
d. Aqueous, mucin, lipid
Lipid, aqueous, mucin
The layer of the tear film that is responsible for prevention of evaporation is the _____ layer.
a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above
Lipid
The layer of tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the _____ layer.
a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above
Aqueous
The layer of tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the _____ layer.
a. Mucin
b. Lipid
c. Aqueous
d. All of the above
Mucin
The term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is _____.
a. Tear lake
b. Tear Prism
c. Tear meniscus
d. All of the above
All of the above
What is the term for the eyelids turning outward?
a. Ptosis
b. Ectropion
c. Endothalmus
d. Ichthalmus
Ectropion
What is the term for the eyelids turning inward?
a. Ptosis
b. Exothalmus
c. Entropion
d. Ichthalmus
Entropion
What is the name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and the globe of the eye?
a. Mucoid
b. Mucin
c. Palpebrae
d. Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva
What do the goblet cells produce?
a. Lipids
b. Mucous
c. Aqueous
d. Nutrients
Mucous
What is the term for inflammation of the conjunctiva?
a. Conjunctivitos
b. Conjunctivotis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Conjunctovitos
Conjunctivitis
The outer tunic consists of the _____, _____ and additionally the _____ and is _____.
a. sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous
b. sclera / cornea / crystalline lens/ fibrous
c. cornea / crystalline lens / limbus / vascular
d. cornea / sclera / limbus / vascular
sclera / cornea / limbus / fibrous
The five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost in order are _____.
a. Endothelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, epithelium
b. Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium
c. Epithelium, Descemet’s membrane, stroma, Bowman’s layer, endothelium
d. Endothelium, Descenment’s membrane, stroma, Bowmans layer, epithelium
Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium
The average power of the cornea is _____?
a. 40.00 - 45.00 diopters
b. 41.50 - 46.50 diopters
c. 42.00 - 45.00 diopters
d. 42.00 - 46.00 diopters
42.00 - 45.00 diopters
The cornea receives oxygen from _____.
a. Tears, blood vessels
b. Aqueous, tears
c. Blood vessels, aqueous
d. Tears, nerves
Tears, blood vessels
How many layers are there in the epithelium?
a. 3 - 4
b. 3 - 5
c. 4 - 6
d. 5 - 7
5 - 7
If this layer of the cornea is damaged, scar tissue will form.
a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s layer
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium
Bowman’s Layer
If the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells, more quickly and cause swelling of the eye.
a. Epithelium
b. Bowman’s Layers
c. Stroma
d. Endothelium
Endothelium
The canal of schlemm encircles the _____ region, which is where the aqueous drains into the trabecular meshwork.
a. Limbal
b. Aqueous
c. Scleral
d. Corneal
Limbal
The middle tunic is the _____ tunic and is located between the _____ and _____.
a. Vascular / sclera / vitreous
b. Vascular / cornea / sclera
c. Fibrous / sclera / retina
d. Vascular / sclera / retina
Vascular / sclera / retina
The ciliary body consists of the _____ and the _____.
a. Ciliary muscle / ciliary process
b. Anterior chamber / posterior chamber
c. Aqueous / vitreous
d. Trabecular meshwork / canal of schlemm
Ciliary muscle / ciliary process
The anterior chamber is located _____.
a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens
b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina
c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris
d. Between the back surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens.
Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris
The posterior chamber is located _____.
a. Between the iris and the crystalline lens
b. Between the crystalline lens and the retina
c. Between the back surface of the cornea and the iris
d. Between the bank surface of the cornea and the front surface of the crystalline lens
Between the iris and the crystalline lens
An inflammation of the iris is called _____.
a. Blepharitis
b. Keratitis
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Iritis
Iritis
A difference in pupil size is called _____.
a. Anopsia
b. Anopupilia
c. Anisocoria
d. Anipupilia
Anisocoria
Which muscle constricts causing the pupil to become smaller?
a. Sphincter
b. Dilator
c. Orbicularis
d. Levator
Sphincter
Which muscle dilates causing the pupil to become larger?
a. Sphincter
b. Dilator
c. Orbicularis
d. Levator
Dilator
The inner tunic is the _____ and the _____tunic.
a. retina / photoceptive
b. retina / choroid
c. retina / light sensitive
d. retina / vascular
retina / light sensitive
The aqueous humor is produced by the _____.
a. ciliary body
b. ciliary process
c. choroid
d. vascular tunic
ciliary process
If a patient experiences “floaters”, where are they located?
a. In the crystalline lens
b. In the vitreous
c. In the aqueous
d. In the retina
In the vitreous
Absence of the crystalline lens is referred to as _____.
a. pseudophakia
b. cataract
c. aphakia
d. lenticular
aphakia
How much amplitude of accommodation does the average person have at birth?
a. 10 diopters
b. 15 diopters
c. 20 diopters
d. 25 diopters
15 diopters
Loss of accommodation is called _____.
a. aphakia
b. pseudophakia
c. presbyopia
d. cataract
presbyopia
List the 6 extraocular muscles, listing the four straight muscles first and then the two slanting muscles last.
a. Superior oblique, inferior oblique, medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus
b. Superior oblique, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus
c. Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
d. medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
A term that refers to the definite turning of an eye is _____.
a. tonicity
b. diplopia
c. tropia
d. phoria
tropia
