Anatomy Exam Flashcards by John Hamilton

What are the two parts of the first tunic?

a. Cornea and iris
b. Cornea and sclera
c. Sclera and choroid
d. Choroid and retina

Cornea and sclera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the inner-most layer of the cornea?

a. Epithlium
b. Stroma
c. Bowman’s Layer
d. Endothelium

Endothelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the cornea primarily receive the nutrients it requires?

a. Viterous
b. Chorid
c. Iris
d. Tear film

Tear film

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to many focal points (not 90 degrees apart) on the retina is known as:

a. Hyperopia
b. Regular astigmatism
c. Myopia
d. Irregular astigmatism

Irregular astigmatism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic) is known as:

a. Antimetropia
b. Anisometropia
c. Hyperopia
d. Presbyopia

Anisometropia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the primary purpose of the choroid?

a. Supply nutrients to the retina
b. Support of ocular structures
c. Supply and removal of aqueous
d. Transport nerve impulse to the fovea

Supply nutrients to the retina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is photopic vision?

a. Seeing in low light
b. Viewing close objects
c. Using cones in lighted conditions
d. Using the rods to view peripheral objects

Using cones in lighted conditions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which area of the retina is responsible for the fine detailed vision?

a. Optic disk
b. Scotoma
c. Fovea
d. Nevus

Fovea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between extrinsic ocular muscles and the intrinsic ocular muscles?

a. Extrinsic muscles control accommodation
b. Intrinsic muscles control movement of the globe
c. Extrinsic muscles control the iris
d. Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera

Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between adduction and abduction?

a. Adduction is the turning upwards - abduction is downwards
b. Adduction is turning outwards - abduction is in wards
c. Adduction is turning downwards - abduction is upwards
d. Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards

Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is primary position of the eye?

a. Looking up and out
b. Looking straight ahead
c. Looking up
d. Looking down

Looking straight ahead

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is secondary position of the eye?

a. Looking up and out
b. Looking in
c. Looking up or down
d. Looking down and out

Looking up or down

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the ora serrata located?

a. In the macula
b. On the crystalline lens
c. Junction of cornea and sclera
d. Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the optic nerve begin?

a. Limbus
b. Chorid
c. Optic chiasm
d. Optic disk

Optic disk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What takes place in the optic chiasm?

a. Optical images split and recombine
b. Color vision interpretation
c. Depth perception
d. Nothing - this the blind spot

Optical images split and recombine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the brain does the final processing of he image?

a. Frontal lobe
b. Brain stem
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Visual cortex

Visual cortex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is accommodation?

a. Viewing fine detail
b. Ability to see see in low light
c. Ability to focus at different distances
d. Loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens

Ability to focus at different distances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the approximate dioptric power of the eye, both cornea and lens?

a. 15 diopters
b. 35 diopters
c. 48 diopters
d. 60 diopters

60 diopters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are causes of cataracts with the exception of:

a. Prolonged exposure to cosmic light
b. Prolonged exposure to ultra-violet light
c. Old age
d. Birth defects

Prolonged exposure to cosmic light

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The extra-ocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all possible directions. There are ______ of these muscles in each eye.

a. Two
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight

Six

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The second (middles) tunic is comprised of:

a. Iris and cornea
b. Iris, sclera, retina
c. Iris, ciliary body, choriod
d. Fovea, optic disc, retina

Iris, ciliary body, choriod

Fusion occurs:

a. In the brain
b. At the optic chiasm
c. At the retina
d. In the fovea

In the brain

The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by the:

a. Iris
b. Crystalline lens
c. Choroid
d. Ciliary Process

Ciliary Process

The ability of the eye to bring objects to focus on the retina at close distance is known as:

a. Presbyopia
b. Esophoria
c. Fusion
d. Accommodation

Accommodation

When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus in front of the retina. This condition is known as: a. Hyperopia b. Myopia c. Presbyopia d. Astigmatism

Myopia

A four year old child is brought to you for their first pair of glasses. The right eye is turned in noticeably. This condition is known as: a. Esotropia b. Exophoria c. Esophoria d. Hypertropia

Esotropia

Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the: a. Optic disk b. Optic nerve c. Retina artery d. Ciliary body

Optic nerve

While reading or performing other near vision tasks all of the following occur except: a. Pupils constrict b. Eyes converge c. Stroma contracts d. Crystalline lens accommodates

Stroma contracts

The area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is: a. Fovea b. Optic disc c. Retina d. Scotoma

Fovea

The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately: a. 14 diopters b. 43 diopters c. 58 diopters d. 65 diopters

43 diopters

The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is: a. Stroma b. Endothelium c. Epithelium d. Bowman's layer

Epithelium

Night vision is chiefly a function of the: a. Rods b. Cones c. Fovea d. Macula

Rods

A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward when the eyes are in a position of rest is known as: a. Exophoria b. Esophoria c. Hyperopia d. Esotropia

Esophoria

A farsighted eye is one that is: a. Myopic b. Hyperopic c. Scotomic d. Presbyopic

Hyperopic

The term used to indicate double vision is: a. Cataract b. Amblyopia c. Diplopia d. Scotomic

Diplopia

When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye, it is known as: a. Cataract b. Amblyopia c. Scotoma d. Glaucoma

Amblyopia

A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is called: a. Strabismis b. Cataract c. Astigmatism d. Diplopia

Astigmatism

An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in intraocular pressure: a. Cataract b. Glaucoma c. Macular degenderation d. Subconjunctive hematoma

Glaucoma

The space between the back of the iris and the front of the crystalline lens which is filled with aqueous is the: a. Canal of Schlemm b. Anterior chamber c. Posterior chamber d. Viterous chamber

Posterior chamber

The procedure in which incisions flatten the periphery of the cornea is known as: a. Iridectomy b. Radial keratotomy c. Lasik d. Photorefractive keratectomy

Radial keratotomy

A corneal flap is created and the inner corneal tissue is precisely reshaped with the laser. Air is then used to seal the flap. The name of this procedure is: a. Iridectom b. Lasik c. Photorefractive keratectomy d. Radial keratotomy

Lasik

A person with an IOL is known as a/an: a. Aphake b. Pseudoaphake c. Presbyope d. Senior citizen

Pseudoaphake

The surgical removal of a portion of the iris is called: a. Iridencleisis b. Iridectomy c. Sclerectom d. Cyclophotocoagulation

Iridectomy

The disorder at the back of the eye in which the central part of one's vision is blocked as if a blurred area had been placed in the center of the picture is called: a. Diabetic retinopathy b. Macular degeneration c. Retinal detachment d. Glaucoma

Macuolar degeneration

A person with normal color vision is called a: a. Trichromat b. Dichromat c. Deuteranope d. Monochromat

Trichromat

The aqueous is produced by the ciliary process and flows into the space between the iris and the crystalline lens: a. Anterior chamber b. Canal of schlemm c. Limbal area d. Posterior chamber

Posterior chamber

Small bits of either protein or cells that break loose and move around in the vitreous are called: a. Avascular b. Cataracts c. Detachments d. Floaters

Floaters

The _____ drains the aqueous from the anterior chamber: a. Anterior chamber b. Canal of schlemm c. Tribecular meshwork d. Posterior chamber

Canal of schlemm

A triangle thickening of vascularized bulbar conjunctiva which extends from the inner canthus to the border of the pupil with the apex of the triangle pointing toward the pupil: a. Chalazion b. Hordeoleum c. Pinguecula d. Pterygium

Pterygium

``` A drooping of the eyelid is called: a. Bleb b. Blepharitis c, Pinguecula d. Ptosis ```

Ptosis