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Dispensing Optician > Anatomy Exam > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the first tunic?

a. Cornea and iris
b. Cornea and sclera
c. Sclera and choroid
d. Choroid and retina

A

Cornea and sclera

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2
Q

What is the inner-most layer of the cornea?

a. Epithlium
b. Stroma
c. Bowman’s Layer
d. Endothelium

A

Endothelium

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3
Q

How does the cornea primarily receive the nutrients it requires?

a. Viterous
b. Chorid
c. Iris
d. Tear film

A

Tear film

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4
Q

The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to many focal points (not 90 degrees apart) on the retina is known as:

a. Hyperopia
b. Regular astigmatism
c. Myopia
d. Irregular astigmatism

A

Irregular astigmatism

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5
Q

A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic) is known as:

a. Antimetropia
b. Anisometropia
c. Hyperopia
d. Presbyopia

A

Anisometropia

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6
Q

What is the primary purpose of the choroid?

a. Supply nutrients to the retina
b. Support of ocular structures
c. Supply and removal of aqueous
d. Transport nerve impulse to the fovea

A

Supply nutrients to the retina

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7
Q

What is photopic vision?

a. Seeing in low light
b. Viewing close objects
c. Using cones in lighted conditions
d. Using the rods to view peripheral objects

A

Using cones in lighted conditions

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8
Q

Which area of the retina is responsible for the fine detailed vision?

a. Optic disk
b. Scotoma
c. Fovea
d. Nevus

A

Fovea

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9
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic ocular muscles and the intrinsic ocular muscles?

a. Extrinsic muscles control accommodation
b. Intrinsic muscles control movement of the globe
c. Extrinsic muscles control the iris
d. Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera

A

Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera

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10
Q

What is the difference between adduction and abduction?

a. Adduction is the turning upwards - abduction is downwards
b. Adduction is turning outwards - abduction is in wards
c. Adduction is turning downwards - abduction is upwards
d. Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards

A

Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards

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11
Q

What is primary position of the eye?

a. Looking up and out
b. Looking straight ahead
c. Looking up
d. Looking down

A

Looking straight ahead

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12
Q

What is secondary position of the eye?

a. Looking up and out
b. Looking in
c. Looking up or down
d. Looking down and out

A

Looking up or down

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13
Q

Where is the ora serrata located?

a. In the macula
b. On the crystalline lens
c. Junction of cornea and sclera
d. Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

A

Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

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14
Q

Where does the optic nerve begin?

a. Limbus
b. Chorid
c. Optic chiasm
d. Optic disk

A

Optic disk

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15
Q

What takes place in the optic chiasm?

a. Optical images split and recombine
b. Color vision interpretation
c. Depth perception
d. Nothing - this the blind spot

A

Optical images split and recombine

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16
Q

What part of the brain does the final processing of he image?

a. Frontal lobe
b. Brain stem
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Visual cortex

A

Visual cortex

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17
Q

What is accommodation?

a. Viewing fine detail
b. Ability to see see in low light
c. Ability to focus at different distances
d. Loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens

A

Ability to focus at different distances

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18
Q

What is the approximate dioptric power of the eye, both cornea and lens?

a. 15 diopters
b. 35 diopters
c. 48 diopters
d. 60 diopters

A

60 diopters

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19
Q

All of the following are causes of cataracts with the exception of:

a. Prolonged exposure to cosmic light
b. Prolonged exposure to ultra-violet light
c. Old age
d. Birth defects

A

Prolonged exposure to cosmic light

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20
Q

The extra-ocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all possible directions. There are ______ of these muscles in each eye.

a. Two
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight

A

Six

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21
Q

The second (middles) tunic is comprised of:

a. Iris and cornea
b. Iris, sclera, retina
c. Iris, ciliary body, choriod
d. Fovea, optic disc, retina

A

Iris, ciliary body, choriod

22
Q

Fusion occurs:

a. In the brain
b. At the optic chiasm
c. At the retina
d. In the fovea

A

In the brain

23
Q

The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by the:

a. Iris
b. Crystalline lens
c. Choroid
d. Ciliary Process

A

Ciliary Process

24
Q

The ability of the eye to bring objects to focus on the retina at close distance is known as:

a. Presbyopia
b. Esophoria
c. Fusion
d. Accommodation

A

Accommodation

25
Q

When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus in front of the retina. This condition is known as:

a. Hyperopia
b. Myopia
c. Presbyopia
d. Astigmatism

A

Myopia

26
Q

A four year old child is brought to you for their first pair of glasses. The right eye is turned in noticeably. This condition is known as:

a. Esotropia
b. Exophoria
c. Esophoria
d. Hypertropia

A

Esotropia

27
Q

Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the:

a. Optic disk
b. Optic nerve
c. Retina artery
d. Ciliary body

A

Optic nerve

28
Q

While reading or performing other near vision tasks all of the following occur except:

a. Pupils constrict
b. Eyes converge
c. Stroma contracts
d. Crystalline lens accommodates

A

Stroma contracts

29
Q

The area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is:

a. Fovea
b. Optic disc
c. Retina
d. Scotoma

A

Fovea

30
Q

The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately:

a. 14 diopters
b. 43 diopters
c. 58 diopters
d. 65 diopters

A

43 diopters

31
Q

The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is:

a. Stroma
b. Endothelium
c. Epithelium
d. Bowman’s layer

A

Epithelium

32
Q

Night vision is chiefly a function of the:

a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Fovea
d. Macula

A

Rods

33
Q

A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward when the eyes are in a position of rest is known as:

a. Exophoria
b. Esophoria
c. Hyperopia
d. Esotropia

A

Esophoria

34
Q

A farsighted eye is one that is:

a. Myopic
b. Hyperopic
c. Scotomic
d. Presbyopic

A

Hyperopic

35
Q

The term used to indicate double vision is:

a. Cataract
b. Amblyopia
c. Diplopia
d. Scotomic

A

Diplopia

36
Q

When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye, it is known as:

a. Cataract
b. Amblyopia
c. Scotoma
d. Glaucoma

A

Amblyopia

37
Q

A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is called:

a. Strabismis
b. Cataract
c. Astigmatism
d. Diplopia

A

Astigmatism

38
Q

An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in intraocular pressure:

a. Cataract
b. Glaucoma
c. Macular degenderation
d. Subconjunctive hematoma

A

Glaucoma

39
Q

The space between the back of the iris and the front of the crystalline lens which is filled with aqueous is the:

a. Canal of Schlemm
b. Anterior chamber
c. Posterior chamber
d. Viterous chamber

A

Posterior chamber

40
Q

The procedure in which incisions flatten the periphery of the cornea is known as:

a. Iridectomy
b. Radial keratotomy
c. Lasik
d. Photorefractive keratectomy

A

Radial keratotomy

41
Q

A corneal flap is created and the inner corneal tissue is precisely reshaped with the laser. Air is then used to seal the flap. The name of this procedure is:

a. Iridectom
b. Lasik
c. Photorefractive keratectomy
d. Radial keratotomy

A

Lasik

42
Q

A person with an IOL is known as a/an:

a. Aphake
b. Pseudoaphake
c. Presbyope
d. Senior citizen

A

Pseudoaphake

43
Q

The surgical removal of a portion of the iris is called:

a. Iridencleisis
b. Iridectomy
c. Sclerectom
d. Cyclophotocoagulation

A

Iridectomy

44
Q

The disorder at the back of the eye in which the central part of one’s vision is blocked as if a blurred area had been placed in the center of the picture is called:

a. Diabetic retinopathy
b. Macular degeneration
c. Retinal detachment
d. Glaucoma

A

Macuolar degeneration

45
Q

A person with normal color vision is called a:

a. Trichromat
b. Dichromat
c. Deuteranope
d. Monochromat

A

Trichromat

46
Q

The aqueous is produced by the ciliary process and flows into the space between the iris and the crystalline lens:

a. Anterior chamber
b. Canal of schlemm
c. Limbal area
d. Posterior chamber

A

Posterior chamber

47
Q

Small bits of either protein or cells that break loose and move around in the vitreous are called:

a. Avascular
b. Cataracts
c. Detachments
d. Floaters

A

Floaters

48
Q

The _____ drains the aqueous from the anterior chamber:

a. Anterior chamber
b. Canal of schlemm
c. Tribecular meshwork
d. Posterior chamber

A

Canal of schlemm

49
Q

A triangle thickening of vascularized bulbar conjunctiva which extends from the inner canthus to the border of the pupil with the apex of the triangle pointing toward the pupil:

a. Chalazion
b. Hordeoleum
c. Pinguecula
d. Pterygium

A

Pterygium

50
Q 
A drooping of the eyelid is called:
a. Bleb
b. Blepharitis
c, Pinguecula
d. Ptosis
A

Ptosis

Dispensing Optician (18 decks)

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