Anatomy Exam Flashcards
What are the two parts of the first tunic?
a. Cornea and iris
b. Cornea and sclera
c. Sclera and choroid
d. Choroid and retina
Cornea and sclera
What is the inner-most layer of the cornea?
a. Epithlium
b. Stroma
c. Bowman’s Layer
d. Endothelium
Endothelium
How does the cornea primarily receive the nutrients it requires?
a. Viterous
b. Chorid
c. Iris
d. Tear film
Tear film
The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to many focal points (not 90 degrees apart) on the retina is known as:
a. Hyperopia
b. Regular astigmatism
c. Myopia
d. Irregular astigmatism
Irregular astigmatism
A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic) is known as:
a. Antimetropia
b. Anisometropia
c. Hyperopia
d. Presbyopia
Anisometropia
What is the primary purpose of the choroid?
a. Supply nutrients to the retina
b. Support of ocular structures
c. Supply and removal of aqueous
d. Transport nerve impulse to the fovea
Supply nutrients to the retina
What is photopic vision?
a. Seeing in low light
b. Viewing close objects
c. Using cones in lighted conditions
d. Using the rods to view peripheral objects
Using cones in lighted conditions
Which area of the retina is responsible for the fine detailed vision?
a. Optic disk
b. Scotoma
c. Fovea
d. Nevus
Fovea
What is the difference between extrinsic ocular muscles and the intrinsic ocular muscles?
a. Extrinsic muscles control accommodation
b. Intrinsic muscles control movement of the globe
c. Extrinsic muscles control the iris
d. Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera
Extrinsic muscles attach to the sclera
What is the difference between adduction and abduction?
a. Adduction is the turning upwards - abduction is downwards
b. Adduction is turning outwards - abduction is in wards
c. Adduction is turning downwards - abduction is upwards
d. Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards
Adduction is turning inwards - abduction is outwards
What is primary position of the eye?
a. Looking up and out
b. Looking straight ahead
c. Looking up
d. Looking down
Looking straight ahead
What is secondary position of the eye?
a. Looking up and out
b. Looking in
c. Looking up or down
d. Looking down and out
Looking up or down
Where is the ora serrata located?
a. In the macula
b. On the crystalline lens
c. Junction of cornea and sclera
d. Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body
Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body
Where does the optic nerve begin?
a. Limbus
b. Chorid
c. Optic chiasm
d. Optic disk
Optic disk
What takes place in the optic chiasm?
a. Optical images split and recombine
b. Color vision interpretation
c. Depth perception
d. Nothing - this the blind spot
Optical images split and recombine
What part of the brain does the final processing of he image?
a. Frontal lobe
b. Brain stem
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Visual cortex
Visual cortex
What is accommodation?
a. Viewing fine detail
b. Ability to see see in low light
c. Ability to focus at different distances
d. Loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens
Ability to focus at different distances
What is the approximate dioptric power of the eye, both cornea and lens?
a. 15 diopters
b. 35 diopters
c. 48 diopters
d. 60 diopters
60 diopters
All of the following are causes of cataracts with the exception of:
a. Prolonged exposure to cosmic light
b. Prolonged exposure to ultra-violet light
c. Old age
d. Birth defects
Prolonged exposure to cosmic light
The extra-ocular muscles are inserted into the sclera and serve to rotate the eye in all possible directions. There are ______ of these muscles in each eye.
a. Two
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight
Six
The second (middles) tunic is comprised of:
a. Iris and cornea
b. Iris, sclera, retina
c. Iris, ciliary body, choriod
d. Fovea, optic disc, retina
Iris, ciliary body, choriod
Fusion occurs:
a. In the brain
b. At the optic chiasm
c. At the retina
d. In the fovea
In the brain
The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by the:
a. Iris
b. Crystalline lens
c. Choroid
d. Ciliary Process
Ciliary Process
The ability of the eye to bring objects to focus on the retina at close distance is known as:
a. Presbyopia
b. Esophoria
c. Fusion
d. Accommodation
Accommodation
When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus in front of the retina. This condition is known as:
a. Hyperopia
b. Myopia
c. Presbyopia
d. Astigmatism
Myopia
A four year old child is brought to you for their first pair of glasses. The right eye is turned in noticeably. This condition is known as:
a. Esotropia
b. Exophoria
c. Esophoria
d. Hypertropia
Esotropia
Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the:
a. Optic disk
b. Optic nerve
c. Retina artery
d. Ciliary body
Optic nerve
While reading or performing other near vision tasks all of the following occur except:
a. Pupils constrict
b. Eyes converge
c. Stroma contracts
d. Crystalline lens accommodates
Stroma contracts
The area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is:
a. Fovea
b. Optic disc
c. Retina
d. Scotoma
Fovea
The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately:
a. 14 diopters
b. 43 diopters
c. 58 diopters
d. 65 diopters
43 diopters
The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is:
a. Stroma
b. Endothelium
c. Epithelium
d. Bowman’s layer
Epithelium
Night vision is chiefly a function of the:
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Fovea
d. Macula
Rods
A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward when the eyes are in a position of rest is known as:
a. Exophoria
b. Esophoria
c. Hyperopia
d. Esotropia
Esophoria
A farsighted eye is one that is:
a. Myopic
b. Hyperopic
c. Scotomic
d. Presbyopic
Hyperopic
The term used to indicate double vision is:
a. Cataract
b. Amblyopia
c. Diplopia
d. Scotomic
Diplopia
When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye, it is known as:
a. Cataract
b. Amblyopia
c. Scotoma
d. Glaucoma
Amblyopia
A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is called:
a. Strabismis
b. Cataract
c. Astigmatism
d. Diplopia
Astigmatism
An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in intraocular pressure:
a. Cataract
b. Glaucoma
c. Macular degenderation
d. Subconjunctive hematoma
Glaucoma
The space between the back of the iris and the front of the crystalline lens which is filled with aqueous is the:
a. Canal of Schlemm
b. Anterior chamber
c. Posterior chamber
d. Viterous chamber
Posterior chamber
The procedure in which incisions flatten the periphery of the cornea is known as:
a. Iridectomy
b. Radial keratotomy
c. Lasik
d. Photorefractive keratectomy
Radial keratotomy
A corneal flap is created and the inner corneal tissue is precisely reshaped with the laser. Air is then used to seal the flap. The name of this procedure is:
a. Iridectom
b. Lasik
c. Photorefractive keratectomy
d. Radial keratotomy
Lasik
A person with an IOL is known as a/an:
a. Aphake
b. Pseudoaphake
c. Presbyope
d. Senior citizen
Pseudoaphake
The surgical removal of a portion of the iris is called:
a. Iridencleisis
b. Iridectomy
c. Sclerectom
d. Cyclophotocoagulation
Iridectomy
The disorder at the back of the eye in which the central part of one’s vision is blocked as if a blurred area had been placed in the center of the picture is called:
a. Diabetic retinopathy
b. Macular degeneration
c. Retinal detachment
d. Glaucoma
Macuolar degeneration
A person with normal color vision is called a:
a. Trichromat
b. Dichromat
c. Deuteranope
d. Monochromat
Trichromat
The aqueous is produced by the ciliary process and flows into the space between the iris and the crystalline lens:
a. Anterior chamber
b. Canal of schlemm
c. Limbal area
d. Posterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Small bits of either protein or cells that break loose and move around in the vitreous are called:
a. Avascular
b. Cataracts
c. Detachments
d. Floaters
Floaters
The _____ drains the aqueous from the anterior chamber:
a. Anterior chamber
b. Canal of schlemm
c. Tribecular meshwork
d. Posterior chamber
Canal of schlemm
A triangle thickening of vascularized bulbar conjunctiva which extends from the inner canthus to the border of the pupil with the apex of the triangle pointing toward the pupil:
a. Chalazion
b. Hordeoleum
c. Pinguecula
d. Pterygium
Pterygium
A drooping of the eyelid is called: a. Bleb b. Blepharitis c, Pinguecula d. Ptosis
Ptosis
