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Pharmacy Tech Certification Exam > Basic Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

disease states of the heart: arrhythmias

A

heart beating irregularly

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2
Q

disease states of the heart: atrial fibrilation

A

top chambers of the heart don’t beat normally and can cause blood clots

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3
Q

disease states of the heart: heart failure

A

heart muscles are weakened and cannot pump blood appropriately from the heart; fluid backs up into the lungs and causes congestive heart failure

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4
Q

disease states of blood vessels: hypertension

A

high blood pressure; can lead to rupturing of blood vessels, stroke, and organ damage

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5
Q

disease states of blood vessels: hypercholesterolemia

A

high cholesterol; cholesterol (fat) builds up in the arteries and may cause a heart attack

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6
Q

disease states of blood vessels: embolism

A

a blood clot (embolism) can form and blocks blood flow to an organ; leads to tissue damage due to lack of blood flow (like a stroke)

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7
Q

the heart failure med, _____, helps functioning heart muscles to work better in pumping blood

A

digoxin

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8
Q

disease states of the skin: dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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9
Q

disease states of the skin: eczema

A

dry, itchy patches of skin

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10
Q

disease states of the skin: psoriasis

A

patches of thick, red skin due to buildup of skin cells

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11
Q

disease states of the skin: acne

A

hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells; causes whiteheads/blackheads, or pimples

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12
Q

disease states of the skin: skin cancer

A

most common cancer in the US; abnormal skin cell production

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13
Q

_____ cream treats acne by preventing hair follicles from becoming plugged

A

tretinoin

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14
Q

disease states of the thyroid: hypothyroidism

A

the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone; can cause weight gain, thinning hair, and depression

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15
Q

disease states of the thyroid: hyperthyroidism

A

the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone; can cause weight loss, heart failure, and hypertension

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16
Q

Which organ secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar/glucose?

A

pancreas

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17
Q

disease states of the pancreas: diabetes

A

condition that occurs when blood sugar is too high for a long period of time

TYPE I: insulin-dependent
TYPE II: non-insulin dependent

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18
Q

disease states of the esophagus: acid reflux

A

acid from the stomach travels up the esophagus, causing burning

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19
Q

disease states of the liver: hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver due to alcohol, medications, or viral infections

20
Q

disease states of the colon/rectum: hemorrhoids

A

swollen, inflamed veins in the anus or lower rectum due to straining or pregnancy

21
Q

disease states of the colon/rectum: colon cancer

A

abnormal tumor growth in the colon or rectum that can spread to other parts of the body

22
Q

disease states of the intestine: constipation

A

hard stools caused by too much water being absorbed from feces

23
Q

disease states of the intestine: diarrhea

A

loose stools caused by not enough water being absorbed by the GI tract

24
Q

disease states of the intestine: IBS

A

chronic inflammation of the bowels; can cause diarrhea or constipation

25
Q

disease states of blood cells: anemia

A

lowered amount of red blood cells in the body; less O2 is carried to the cells and can cause fatigue, rapid heart rate, and pale skin

26
Q

disease states of blood cells: embolisms

A

abnormal clots in the body that can cause deep venous thrombosis (DVTs) and pulmonary embolisms (PEs)

27
Q

disease states of blood cells: hemophilia

A

blood doesnt clot properly and can cause excessive bleeding from wounds

28
Q

disease states of muscles: muscle spasms

A

when muscle contract and can’t relax, may cause pain

29
Q

disease states of joints: arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint that causes swelling, pain, and trouble moving

30
Q

disease states of joints: gout

A

uric acid crystal formation in joints; can cause pain and swelling in the joints

31
Q

disease states of bones: osteoporosis

A

“holes in bone”; weaken bone structure which can cause fractures

32
Q

disease states of the brain: Parkinson’s

A

movement disorder; Brain cells don’t produce enough dopamine causing symptoms like trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face

33
Q

disease states of the brain: Alzheimer’s

A

destruction of brain cells that produce acetylcholine; causes dementia, trouble speaking, writing, and reading

34
Q

disease states of the brain: migraine

A

severe headache; causes pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness

35
Q

disease states of the brain: insomnia

A

common sleep disorder; having trouble falling or staying asleep

36
Q

disease states of the brain: psychosis

A

mental disorder caused by abnormal thinking perceptions (hallucinations) may also be called schizophrenia

37
Q

disease states of the brain: bipolar disorder

A

mental disorder that cycles between depression and mania

38
Q

disease states of the brain: seizures

A

hyperactivity of nerves in the brain; causes involuntary movements and can cause a loss of consciousness

39
Q

disease states of the eyes: glaucoma

A

increased fluid inside the eye that can place pressure on the optic nerve and damage it

40
Q

disease states of the eyes: conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the eye, usually due to infection

41
Q

disease states of the ear: vertigo

A

dizziness caused by fluid imbalance in the ear

42
Q

disease states of the ear: otitis media

A

infection of the middle ear

43
Q

disease states of the kidney: acute and chronic renal failure

A
  • acute: usually due to injury, lasts a short time, and is usually reversible
  • chronic: a slow loss of kidney function over time and is generally not reversible
44
Q

medical conditions of the ovary: menopause

A

ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone; leads to hot flashes, depression, etc.

45
Q

disease states of the prostate: enlarged prostate

A

prostate cells enlarge, and can cause blockage of urine

46
Q

disease states of the lungs: asthma

A

chronic condition where airways are narrow and swollen; causes difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and wheezing

47
Q

disease states of the lungs: COPD

A

chronic condition that narrows breathing airways; causes shortness of breath, mucus production, and chest tightness

Pharmacy Tech Certification Exam (4 decks)

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