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Pharmacy Tech Certification Exam > Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

1
Q

How is scabies described?

A

a condition caused by a tiny mite that burrows under the skin

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2
Q

which part of the immune system helps fight off pathogens?

A

white blood cells

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3
Q

Ms. Brown was recently diagnosed with a vaginal yeast infection. Which type of medication will she likely be prescribed?

A

antifungal

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the immune system?

A

defends the body from pathogens/sickness

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5
Q

Which condition usually cases a fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, runny nose, and fatigue?

A

influenza

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6
Q

Which disease is describes as a bacterial infection of the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra?

A

urinary tract infection

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7
Q

What is the purpose of lymph nodes?

A

filter germs and other foreign material from bodily fluids

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8
Q

Daniel was recently diagnosed with sepsis. How is sepsis described?

A

a life-threatneing response to an infection in the body that may lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death

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9
Q

Which drug category contains medications used to treat a bacterial ear infection?

A

antibiotics

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10
Q

Helping protect the body from foreign invaders it the primary role of what body system?

A

the immune system

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11
Q

four dosage forms for antibiotics

A
  1. oral solids
  2. oral liquids
  3. injectables
  4. topicals
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12
Q

oral tablets and capsules are usually for what demographic of patient?

A

older children and adults

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13
Q

oral liquids are usually used for what demographic of patient?

A

patients who can’t swallow oral solids

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14
Q

how will you often see oral liquids stored?

A

as powders for suspension that need to me reconstituted with water

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15
Q

injectable antibiotics are used when…

A

the bacterial infection is severe enough or if the oral form of the medication doesn’t absorb well into the GI tract

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16
Q

topical antibiotics are for infections of…(3)

A

the skin, eyes, and ears

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17
Q

adverse reactions to antibiotics: diarrhea

A

a common side effect because antibiotic kill of the bad and good bacteria in the gut leading to changes in the digestion of food/water being absorbed

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18
Q

adverse reactions to antibiotics: yeast infection

A

for many people with female genitalia, the loss of good bacteria from antibiotics can cause resident yeast of the vaginal area to grow out of control

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19
Q

adverse reactions to antibiotics: nausea

A

occurs with most antibiotics (take with food)

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20
Q

adverse reactions to antibiotics: photosensitivity

A

when the skin becomes extra sensitive to the sun

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21
Q

what drug classes can cause photosensitivity? (2)

A
  • tetracycline
  • fluoroquinolone
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22
Q

yellow/brown discoloration of the teeth can occur with what drug class?

A

tetracycline

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23
Q

increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture can occur with medications from what drug class?

A

fluoroquinolone

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24
Q

red-man syndrome can occur with the med _____ when given intravenously

A

vancomycin

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25
Q

red-man syndrome

A

an allergic reaction that can occur after receiving the antibiotic vancomycin, characterized by flushing, itching, and a rash

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26
Q

what two drug classes are primarily known to cause allergic reactions?

A
  • beta-lactams
  • sulfonamides
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27
Q

What side effect is common when taking antibiotics?

A

diarrhea

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28
Q

interactions: metronidazole and alcohol

A

Alcohol can cause patients a “disulfiram-like” reaction characterized by nausea, severe vomiting, dizziness, and other reactions.
- Pts should avoid drinking alcohol or ingesting anything containing alcohol (mouthwash, cough syrups, etc.)

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29
Q

interactions: ampicillin and aminoglycosides

A

Ampicillin should NOT be administered in the same IV line or syringe with aminoglycosides. Ampicillin can inactivate aminoglycosides making them less effective at killing bacteria and treating an infection.

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30
Q

interactions: clarithromycin and digoxin

A

Clarithromycin blocks the breakdown of many drugs, including digoxin, causing high or toxic levels in patients.
It can result in nasure, committing, irregular heartbeat, or even hospitalization.

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31
Q

interactions: fluoroquinolones and antacids

A

Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium can block the absorption of fluoroquinolones, and leave the patient’s infection undertreated.
Patients taking a fluoroquinolone antibiotic need to take antacids separately.

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32
Q

interactions: linezolid and aged cheese

A

Linezolid has interactions with aged cheese and other tyramine-containing foods. (Wine, avocados, etc.)
I can cause an increase in blood pressure to dangerously high levels.
Patients taking linezolid should avoid eating/drinking tyramine-containing foods.

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33
Q

pregnancy and breastfeeding: antibiotics

A

some antibiotics are not safe during certain trimesters of pregnancy, and some can even pass through breastmilk

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34
Q

Patients taking certain antibiotics will need close monitoring of what to avoid serious side effects?

A

drug blood levels

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35
Q

When used parenterally, aminoglycoside blood levels must be monitored to avoid what?

A

ear toxicity, or ototoxicity which can lead to hearing loss and dizziness

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36
Q

vancomycin is pretty hard on the _____ and can cause _____ at high doses

A

kidneys; nephrotoxicity

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37
Q

Pharmacists will often check kidney function lab values when patients are taking medication that can cause kidney damage, these include…(2)

A
  • (BUN) blood urea nitrogen levels
  • (SCr) serum creatinine levels
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38
Q

putting these oral antibiotics into the fridge can help them taste better…(3)

A
  • cephalexin
  • cefprozil
  • erythromycin
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39
Q

why is it important to finish all of an antibiotic course? (3)

A
  • critical to ensure proper treatment
  • helps prevent the spread or recurrence of the infection
  • can help minimize resistance
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40
Q

antibiotics are taken with or without food for one of two reasons: (2)

A
  • food helps to prevent some side effects
  • or food in the stomach is required for the best/quickest absorption of the drug into the bloodstream
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41
Q

antibiotics in the fluoroquinolone and tetracycline drug classes interact with….(3)

A
  • dairy
  • iron supplements
  • antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium
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42
Q

how long should a patient separate their fluoroquinolone/tetracycline antibiotic from their interactions?

A

2-4 hours

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43
Q

DR.PAADY

A

D - dosage forms
R - resistance
P - pregnancy and breastfeeding
A - adherence
A - allergic reactions
D - diarrhea
Y - yeast infections

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44
Q

The more bacteria that’s exposed to a drug, the more likely what is to occur?

A

It will mutate and become resistant to the drug’s effects

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45
Q

What is metronidazole, and tell me one important consideration about it.

A

Brand name is Flagyl, and this medication has severe reactions with alcohol

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46
Q

injectable antifungals can be used in what kind of patients?

A

severely weakened immune system, like those with HIV or AIDS and those with organ transplants

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47
Q

injectable antifungals are used to treat…(2)

A

blood or nervous system infections like meningitis and candidemia, etc.

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48
Q

what topical forms are good for fungal infections of the skin? (4)

A

creams, gels, ointments, and lotions

49
Q

what topical form is good for nail fungal infections?

A

solutions

50
Q

what topical form is good for fungal infections of the scalp or hair?

A

shampoos

51
Q

What are often added to antifungal topical dosage forms to help with itching and inflammation?

A

corticosteroids like betamethasone and triamcinolone

52
Q

antifungal vaginal dosage forms come in…(3)

A

creams, ointments, and suppositories

53
Q

reasons to use oral antifungals include…(4)

A
  • fungal skin infections resistant to topical antifungal therapy
  • fungal infections underneath the nail (most topical treatments cant penetrate)
  • systemic fungal infection
  • vaginal yeast infections
54
Q

Most patients tolerate topical antifungals fairly well, with occasional cases of…(4)

A

skin irritation, redness, burning, or dry skin

55
Q

some antifungals can cause _____

A

hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity)

56
Q

hepatotoxicity can lead to…(3)

A

liver injury, hepatitis, or even liver failure

57
Q

what are two common adverse reactions for patients taking oral antifungals?

A

nausea and diarrhea

58
Q

what two medications should pt’s beware of for allergic reactions?

A
  • if someone is allergic to parabens (a preservative) watch out for nystatin products
  • amphotericin B
59
Q

drug interactions: fluconazole and phenytoin

A

HIGH PHENYTOIN LEVELS
- Pt’s taking phenytoin should not take fluconazole as it can cause higher levels of phenytoin in the body
- Fluconazole inhibits the breakdown of phenytoin leading to side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty walking, and abnormal eye movements.

60
Q

drug interactions: ketoconazole and simvastatin

A

INCREASED RISK OF MUSCLE PAIN
- Ketoconazole inhibits the breakdown and elimination of statins, causing a build up of that statin increasing its side effects like muscle pain and kidney damage

61
Q

drug interactions: itraconazole and methadone

A

HEART ISSUES
- Side effects from methadone get worse if taking itraconazole, causing irregular heartbeat, heart attack, and death

62
Q

drug interactions: amphotericin B and aminoglycosides

A

INCREASED KIDNEY TOXICITY
- Amphotericin B should not be administered with aminoglycoside antibiotics as it can make kidney damage worse then with amphotericin B alone

63
Q

some aminoglycoside antibiotics (2)

A

gentamicin, tobramycin

64
Q

drug interactions: caspofungin and carbamazepine

A

INFECTIONS ARE UNDERTREATED
- taking these together can decrease the actions of caspofungin
- close monitoring is needed to make sure the fungal infections responds to treatment

65
Q

drug interactions: voriconazole and alprazolam

A

RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
- side effects of alprazolam may get worse if these are taken together
- PTs may experiences prolonged sedation and respiratory depression

66
Q

Why should vaginal yeast infections during pregnancy NOT be treated with oral fluconazole?

A

Diflucan may cause fetal harm, but topical vaginal ‘azole’ antifungals are considered safe like miconazole (Monistat)

67
Q

Some examples of antifungals a PT should be monitored for liver functions include: (5)

A
  • Fluconazole (Diflucan)
  • Ketoconazole (Nizoral) oral tabs
  • Clotrimazole (Mycelex) troches
  • Itraconazole (Sporanox)
  • Terbinafine (Lamisil) oral tabs
68
Q

Which antifungal in particular can cause nephrotoxicity?

A

amphotericin B; need to monitor SCr and BUN

69
Q

While taking some antivirals, patients will likely complain about…(3)

A
  • headache
  • nausea
  • abdominal pain
70
Q

drug interactions: valacyclovir and ProQuad (vaccine)

A

DECREASED VACCINE EFFICACY
- Valacyclovir, acyclovir, and famciclovir may decrease the efficacy of varicella vaccines
- PTs should stop taking these meds at least 24 hours before, and 14 days after receiving the vaccine

71
Q

drug interactions: ganciclovir and cidofovir

A

KIDNEY DAMAGE
- These should not be taken together because they both are nephrotoxic medications
- PTs should stop taking ganciclovir at least 7 days before starting cidofovir

72
Q

drug interactions: oseltamivir and FluMist Quadrivalent (vaccine)

A

DECREASE VACCINE EFFICACY
- Oseltamivir and zanamivir may decrease the effectiveness of the live attenuated influenza vaccines
- PTs should stop taking these at least two weeks before or 48 hours after intranasal LAIV

73
Q

drug interaction: remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine

A

BLOCKS ANTIVIRAL EFFECT
- Taking hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with remdesivir blocks the antiviral activity leaving the infection undertreated

74
Q

Valganciclovir (Valcyte) can cause what?

A

blood disorders like anemia or bone marrow suppression

75
Q

These two antivirals should be infused slowly over one or two hours because they could causes toxicity if done too quickly.

A

foscarnet and ganciclovir

76
Q

When is efficacy for flu antivirals the best?

A

Within 48 hours of flu symptoms (ASAP)

77
Q

topical application of antiparasitics may cause…(4)

A

redness, itching, stinging, and skin irritation

78
Q

Some systemic reactions of antiparasitics include…(4)

A

headache, nausea, vomiting, and possible liver damage if taken long-term

79
Q

drug interactions: hydroxychloroquine and amiodarone

A

IRREGULAR HEART RHYTHMS
- Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and mefloquine should NOT be taken with amiodarone or other QT-prolonging meds
- QT as in the section of the heartbeat; prolonged QT can lead to serious irregular heart rhythms or even sudden death

80
Q

drug interactions: mebendazole and metronidazole

A
  • these should NOT be taken together as serious or life-threatening skin disorder can occur such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
81
Q

Some antivirals that should be taken with food to help increase their absorption into the bloodstream…(3)

A

albendazole, atovaquone/proguanil

82
Q

_____ is an antiviral that isn’t very well absorbed through the stomach lining and should be taken on an empty stomach to increase absorption

A

ivermectin

83
Q

Premethrin is a _____

A

antiparasitic

84
Q

Mr. Belewa is traveling overseas. Which medical condition is he preventing if he’s been prescribed hydroxychloroquine?

A

Malaria

85
Q

What is a common concern when taking oral ketoconazole?

A

It interacts with many other medications

86
Q

Your pharmacist is quizzing you on interactions of medications and asks you which medication interacts with Emverm (mebendazole)

A

metronidazole

87
Q

generic for Levaquin

A

levofloxacin

88
Q

Mr. Silva is prescribed imiquimod cream. What medical condition would you update his pharmacy profile with?

A

genital herpes

89
Q

What is the brand name for clarithromycin?

A

Biaxin

90
Q

Imiquimod is a _____

A

antiviral

91
Q

What is the generic name for Plaquenil?

A

hydroxychloroquine

92
Q

Which side effect could a patient experience while taking mefloquine?

A

psychosis

93
Q

What is the generic name for Foscavir?

A

Foscarnet

94
Q

Which lab result will be monitored for a patient who is receiving amphotericin B?

A

SCr

95
Q

What is a common concern when taking erythromycin?

A

It interacts with lovastatin

96
Q

Which medication is used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis?

A

Descovy

97
Q

Mr. Huang is taking ciprofloxacin. Which type of product interacts with ciprofloxacin?

A

Iron!

98
Q

Which medication is classified as an oxaborole antifungal?
Jublia, Kerydin, Lamisil, or Mycolog II?

A

Kerydin

99
Q

What is the generic name for Mycostatin?

A

Nystatin

100
Q

What is the brand name for mebendazole?

A

Emverm

101
Q

Mrs. Moreno is ordered aztreonam during her hospital stay. What type of infection would her health record be updated with?

A

Bacterial

102
Q

Which monitoring parameters will the pharmacist be most concerned about when a patient is on foscarnet for a prolonged period of time?

A

BUN, CBC, ECG, and SCr

103
Q

Which lab value will the pharmacist be most concerned about when dispensing parenteral aminoglycosides?

A

BUN

104
Q

Which medication is classified as a macrolide?
Cefdinir, Macrobid, Principen, or Zithromax?

A

Zithromax (azithromycin)

105
Q

Mr. Gallo is taking valacyclovir tablets. What other medication should he avoid taking?

A

Lithium

106
Q

Your preceptor asks you, Which drug class does nystatin belong to?” What’s your response?”

A

Polyenes

107
Q

Your pharmacist is quizzing you on dosage forms and asks you which penicillin antibiotic is available in a parenteral dosage form? What do you tell her?

A

Ampicillin

108
Q

Mrs. Belewa is prescribed terbinafine. What is the brand name for this?

A

Lamisil

109
Q

Flagyl generic name

A

metronidazole

110
Q

What is the generic name for Invanz?

A

ertapenem

111
Q

Ms. Le has been taking valacyclovir and is supposed to receive a varicella vaccine. How long should she stop taking valacyclovir before receiving the vaccine?

A

24 hours

112
Q

Your pharmacist is quizzing you on dosage forms and asks you which antiviral is available as an inhalation powder. You should answer by saying:

A

Relenza

113
Q

Dr. Ricci calls in a new prescription for Mr. Russo’s young son for doxycycline. The pharmacist would be most concerned with its potential effect on the patient’s:

A

teeth (WHY????)

114
Q

Which auxiliary label should be included with atovaquone/proguanil prescriptions?

A

take with food

115
Q

Which of the following is an antifungal?
Albenza, Keflex, Sporanox, or Zovirax?

A

Sporanox (itraconazole)

116
Q

Which drug class does levofloxacin fall under?

A

fluoroquinolones

117
Q

Which monitoring parameters will be monitored when a patient is taking hydroxychloroquine for a prolonged period of time?

A

Blood glucose, CBC, and ECG

118
Q

Which dosage form does mefloquine (Lariam) come in?

A

oral solid

Pharmacy Tech Certification Exam (4 decks)

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