Basic 3 Flashcards
list the types of visibility
Flight visibility
Slant visibility
Ground visibility
(Ground contact)
how is RVR measured?
with transmissometer
FU
smoke
DU
widespread dust
SA
sand
MIFG
shallow fog <2m AGL
BLSN
blowing snow >2m AGL
DRSN
drifting snow <2m AGL
definition and conditions for a thunderstorm
Thunderstorms are cumulonimbus clouds with lighting or thunder
conditions: high reaching moist unstable air, sufficient moisture in the lower troposphere, freezing level in the cloud
List the types of thunderstorms
- Air mass thunderstorms
- Frontal thunderstorms
- Orographic thunderstorms
Life cycle of a thunderstorm
- Cumulus stage
- Mature stage
- Dissipating stage
Structural icing during flight
Structural icing during flight occurs at the protruding edges of an aircraft, and it happens when the temperature of the aircraft is below 0 degrees C and when there is supercooled water in the atmosphere
List the types of icing
- Rime ice
- Clear ice
- Mixed ice
List icing effects on flight control
higher weight, more drag, reduced lift, reduced thrust, higher stalling speed
intensity of icing
the intensity of icing is higher in cumuliform clouds than in stratiform clouds. The worst icing conditions are met at flight levels just above the freezing level. Light aircraft and helicopters are more vulnerable to icing than jet airplanes flying at cruising speed
List atmospheric situations with turbulence
- Turbulence in the surface friction layer
- Thermal convection
- Orographically induced turbulence
- Clear air turbulence
- Wake turbulence
List effects of wind shear on aircraft
- Airspeed drop shear
- Airspeed rise shear
list weather situations associated with wind shear
- Inversion close to the surface/low level jet
- Wind shear at fronts
- Orographically induced wind shear
- Microburst
Microburst,macroburst
microburst for diameters <4km
macroburst for diameters >4km
microburst consists of: downburst, outburst, gusts front or squall and wind shear zones
wind shear definition
wind shear is a change in speed and/or direction of horizontal winds
tornado definiton
tornado is produced when cool air overrides a layer of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise rapidly
