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MET > Basic 1 > Flashcards

Basic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Measuring of atmospheric humidity

A

Hair hygometer, psychrometer, dew point mirror

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2
Q

Why has icao defined a standard atmosphere?

A
  • for the calibration of instruments
  • vertical separation of aircraft
  • comparing the power parameters of different aircraft and engines
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3
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

Relative humidity is amount of water vapor in the actual air expressed in percentage

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4
Q

At which temperature is a spontaneous freezing present?

A

Below -40 degrees celsius

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5
Q

What is a jet stream?

A

A jet stream is a high wind in the upper troposphere,
Vertical extension is several kilometers, the horizontal extension is several hundread kilometers, westerly winds on averige, strongest in winter, strongest on the southern hemisphere, minimum speed for a jet stream is 60 knots

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6
Q

Friction wind table

A

Surface type: ocean, plains, hills
Friction height: 1000ft, 2000ft, 3000ft
Wind strenght multiplier: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
Friction angle: 15, 30, 45* always to the right

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7
Q

Measuring of atmospheric temperature

A

Mercury, bimetalic or resistance thermometer

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8
Q

What does CAVOK mean?

A

Clouds and visibility ok

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9
Q

Flight hazards at mountain, downslope wind and valley, upslope wind?

A

Turbulence, wind shear, strong crosswind component at aerodromes, during night fog and stratus may appear at the bottom of thw valley where the coldest air settles.

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10
Q

List the types of inversion?

A
  • surface inversion
  • warm front inversion
  • subsidence inversion
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11
Q

Name the two processes with wich percipitation formes

A

Coalesence and coagulation

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12
Q

SG

A

Snow grains

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13
Q

ISA conditions

A

Temperature = 15 C
Pressure = 1013.25 hPa
Barometric lapse rate 30ft/1hPa
Density = 1.225 kg/m3

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14
Q

What is the density altitude?

A

The density altitude is the altitude in the ISA, in which you find the actual density

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15
Q

List wind types

A

Land/sea breeze
Mountain, downslope wind and valley, upslope wind
Foehn

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17
Q

What is pressure altimetry?

A

Pressure altimetry is a method of determining vertical distances by measuring the pressure.

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18
Q

What is an isothermal layer?

A

An isothermal layer is a layer in fhe atmosphere where the temperature is constant with height

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19
Q

What is a spread?

A

Spread is the difference between the dew point and OAT

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20
Q

What is calculated from the actual density altitude?

A

Maximum take off weights

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21
Q

Markings for Cyclone and Anticyclone?

A

Cyclone - L

Anticyclone - H

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22
Q

Gas composition of the ISA

A 
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.9 % argon 
0.03% carbondioxid
No water!
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22
Q

All water phases

A

Condensation, freezing, sublimation

Desublimation, melting, evaporation

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23
Q

IC

A

Ice crystals

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24
Q

Measuring of wind speed?

A

Wind sock, wind vane and anemometer

25
Q

Parts of the ISA and their level

A

Troposphere form 0 to 11 km (tropopause)
Lower stratosphere from 11 km to 20 km
Upper stratosphere from 20 km to 80 km

26
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle

27
Q

GR

A

Hail

28
Q

Measuring of atmospheric pressure

A

Aneroid or mercury barometer

29
Q

FZRA

A

Freezing rain

31
Q

List octa categories

A

1,2=FEW few
3,4=SCT scattered
5,6,7=BKN broken
8=OVC overcast

32
Q

What is a dew point?

A

Dew point is a temperature at which condensation occurs

32
Q

At which latitude can we find a polar front?

A

60 degrees north

33
Q

What does NSC mean?

A

No significant clouds

34
Q

Circulation of the atmosphere (northern hemisphere)

A

Polar cell, ferrel cell, hadley cell

35
Q

Flight hazards at leeward side?

A

Turbulence
Strong cross wind component
Leewaves
Rotor clouds

36
Q

List all of the cloud types

A 
Ci=Cirrus
Cs=Cirrostratus
Cc=Cirrocumulus
As=Altostratus
Ac=Altocumulus
Cb=Cumulonimbus
Ns=Nimbostratus
St=Stratus
Cu=Cumulus
Sc=Stratocumulus
37
Q

Dry and wet adiabetic lapse rates

A

Dry: -3K/1000 ft
Wet: -2K/1000 ft

38
Q

What is wind?

A

Wind is the vector of the horizontal motion of the air, characterized by a wind speed and wind direction

40
Q

How is stratiform cloud created?

A

(Forced lifting)
If stratification is stable, air has to be forced to rise by surface winds or by an obstacle in the flow (ex. Mountain). Usually large air volumes are involved which rise at low vertical speeds.

42
Q

What is the temperature correction for calculating the true altitude?

A

4% for each 10K

43
Q

FZDZ

A

Freezing drizzle

44
Q

Measurement of clouds

A

Ceilometer

46
Q

Stable, indifferent and unstable inversion

A

Stable- vertical change in the atmosphere is low ex. isothermal layers, stratosphere, standard atmosphere
Indifferent- the reaction to small vertical distrubances is indifferent
Unstable- small vertical disturbances result in severe vertical motions ex. cumuliform clouds, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes.

47
Q

To which norths is wind related?

A

In weather charts and reports wind is related to the True North and in the Tower reports the wind is related to Magnetic North.

48
Q

What is an inversion?

A

An inversion is a layer in the atmosphere where the temperature increases with height

48
Q

How is cumuliform cloud created?

A

Cumuliform cloud (thermal convection) is caused by surface heating, creating an unstable stratifaction, the hottest air bubbles ascend from the ground

50
Q

What does VV003 means?

A

Sky obscured, vertical visibility 300 ft

50
Q

GS

A

Snow pellets

51
Q

List forces participating in wind

A

Pressure gradient force, coriolis force, centrifugal force, friction force

52
Q

What is a barometric lapse rate?

A

The barometric lapse rate is the difference in height that corresponds to a pressure difference of 1 hPa

55
Q

Average diurnal cycle of atmospheric temperature?

A

Average diurnal cycle has a minimum half an hour after sunrise and a maximum at 14:00 local time.

56
Q

List forms of percipitation

A

Falling percipitation
Deposed percipitation
Stored percipitation

56
Q

When is the hottest and the coldest time of the year in central europe?

A

Jan/Feb 0 C
Jul/Aug 17 C
Extreeme values are -25 C and +40 C

56
Q

Possible reasons for wrong indication of the altimeter?

A
  • Mechanical error
  • Dynamic error
  • Wrong subscale setting
  • deviations of the actual atmosphere (air humidity, temeperature and pressure)
57
Q

PL

A

Ice pellets

57
Q

SN

A

Snow

58
Q

Measuring of percipitation?

A

Raingauge

58
Q

Flight hazards at winward side?

A

Ceiling touching the ground
Presence of nimbostratus with continuous rain
Severe icing
Cumulonimbus clouds with thunderstorms

59
Q

RA

A

Rain

MET (3 decks)

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