BASES |Prose analysis - definitions Flashcards
Novel
a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of realism.
Prose
Language without metrical structure
Character
a person or an animal in a book, play or film
Character of humours
a character that has one prevailing feature such as greed, cowardice, boastfulness
Round character
Complex character
Flat character
A character of humour or stock character; can be expressed in one sentence, is easily recogniable
Consistent character
Their actions are in keeping with their usual temperament
Inconsistent character
Random, haphazard actions and temparement
Static character
Remains the same throughout the piece of work
Dynamic character
Changes and/or develops throughout the book
Reliable character
One that the reader can “trust”
Unreliable character
One whose vision of things is distorted; relay information (to the reader or another character) that contradicts information given by the implied author
Stock character
Recurring conventional character in a given genre (buffon in comedy, nurse in tragedy)
Point of view
the vantage point from which a story is presented
Third-person POV
narrator knows everything about the character’s thoughts and feelings
First-person POV
we enter a character’s mind, restricted view of the scene and other characters
Internal focalization
events are seen from inside the story, gives a restricted view of the story
Focalizer
the character whose angle of vision dictate the focalization of the story
Interior monologue
An example of internal focalization
Multiple focalization
the point of view shifts from one character to others in the the course of the narrtive
External focalization
events are seen from outside of the story, giving restricted OR unrestricted knowledge
Zero focalization
events are seen from ouside AND the narrator is omniscient, has access to unrestricted information
Narrator
the one who speaks the story
Real author
the person who wrote the story
Implied author
author who addresses the reader directly in the work and/or whose ideas provide norms that are felt in the book
Implied reader
the reader directly addressed in fiction
Real reader
the person who reads the work
Narrattee
when the narrator addressed someone directly; this is them
Direct exposition
description by an authoritative voice of the characters and the scene
Associations
the name of the character, their external appeaance, their diret enviroement reflects upon their character
Speech mannerisms
manners of speaking typical of a character, reflecting their social class of circle
Malapropism
a type of speech mannerism when two words are confusedd
Skaz
a first-person narrative which reflects oral speech (colloquialisms, repetitions, mistakes)
Embedding or nesting or mise en abyme
a story within a story
Mise en abyme
a mirror effect in the
Extradiegetic level of narration
highest level of narration (by an external narrator)
Hypodiegetic level of narration
lower leve of narration (by a character inside the story)
Extradiegetic narrator
remains superior to the story; the story they tell is the main one
Intradiegetic narrator
telling a story which is embedded in the main story
Autodiegetic narrator
first-person narrator who tells their own story
Heterodiegetic narrator
omniscient narrators who are not participants
Homodiegetic narrator
narrators who are also participants
Narrative summary
narrator reporting conversation by giving a summary
Indirect speech or reported speech
introduced by reporting verbs (tag); changes in tenses, pronouns and advers; reports the contents of what was said
Semi-indirect speech
same as indirect speech but including quotation marks
Free indirect speech or thought
allows us to follow the characters’ words or thoughts without the narrator’s intervention
Direct speech
quotation marks, reporting verb; as if we were witnessing the scene
Free direct speech
reported without cues or reporting verbs
