Baseline Knowledge Assesment Flashcards
Define natural hazard
A natural event that threatens people or has potential to cause damage destruction or death
What is the outer layer of the earth called
The earths crust
What do we call a piece of the earths crust
Plate
Which type of plate boundery is caused when plates scrape past each other + example
Conservative plate, San Andreas fault zone
What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes
Richter scale
What piece of equipment is used to record the power of earthquakes and what does it produce
A seismometer that converts vibrations into electrical signals
What do Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons have in commen
They are all natural hazards
Where are the main location of tropical storms across the world
Between 5-30 degrees latitude
What will the immediate impact of typhoon haiyan
One damaged 1.1 million houses
to flooding
three destruction of food sources such as crops
What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming
Greenhouse effect is a natural cause global warming is a human course
Which for gases are most responsible for global warming
Water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane
What were the causes of the extreme weather events known as the beast from the east
Catastrophic warning weakened the set stream , cold air from russia
What is the difference between Mitigation and adapting in relation to climate change
Adaptation is adjusting to the future effects of climate change mitigation is preventing or reducing emissions to make Impacts less severe
What are two major effects of climate change
More extreme weather, sealevels rising
What is the term for where a river begins
The source
What is the term for when 2 rivers meet
A confluence
What is the term for a small stream it joins the main river together
Tributary
Name for processes of erosion that take place in a river
Traction, saltation, suspension, solution
What are 4 processes with a river can transport materials
Traction, saltation, suspension, solution
What is the thalweg on a river
The fastest channel flow
Does water flow fastest on the inside or outside of a meander
Outside
Describe the formation of a waterfall
The hard rock band on top of the soft rock is more resistant the plunge pool is created from hydraulic action of the river the soft rock around at the bottom creating a bigger plunge pool from attrition the hard-rock is now unsupported and retreats creating a gorge
What is the name given to the point where land meets the sea
Coast
What is the difference between a destructive and constructive waves today
Constructive- Builds beaches , strong swash and week backswash
Destructive-Erodes week swash strong backwash
What is the name of the process by which waves move material along the beach
Longshore drift
What is it discordant coastline
Made of hard rock and soft rock bands
What are the main landforms created by the sea of the discordant coastline
Headland and bays
What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending the coastline from erosion
Hard involves building of artificial structures to defend soft is a more natural approach the sea defences
Define ecosystem
Community were biotic and abiotic things all interact
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors
Biotic is living things ( plants and bacteria )
Abiotic is non living things ( climate and soil )
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web
Chain only shows one part where as food webs shows all interactions
What is a primary consumer
Eat plant materials
Describe the location of the earths remaining rainforests
Between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn mostly in Brazil South America (amazon) second main is in Congo called Congo basin both surround the equator
What plant adaptations are on leaves and why are they needed
Drip tips on leaves allow for water to flow off and a waxy cuticle which can also shared heavy rainfall which is perfect for rainforest conditions
What are the use of butress roots
They give a strong and stable base for a treat to ensure it can grow to photosynthesise in the canopy
Where does the word tundra get its name from
The word tunturia which means barren/treeless land
What is the permafrost and what challenges does it cause in cold environments like Alaska
Permafrost is the layer of ice that has been frozen for more than two years due to climate change it is thawing Which means the ice is melting . roads/infrastructure built upon the permafrost are beginning to sink as the ice becomes water causing the ground to give way which is dangerous and causes construction issues and many villages to uncontrollably sink
