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Base Spirits Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 2 great producers of Calvados Pays d’Auge.

A

Domaine Dupont

Adrien Camut

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2
Q

Name a producer of Armagnac.

A

Laberdolive

Chateau de Ravignan

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3
Q

Name a producer of Cognac

A

7 Major Houses

Remy Martin

Hennessey

Martel

Couvoisier

Camus

Hine

Frapin

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4
Q

Name 2 producers of Marc de Bourgogne.

A

Domaine Romanee Conti

Domaine Lamarche

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5
Q

Name 3 Tequila producers

A

Herradura

Don Julio

Patron

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6
Q

Name 2 Mezcal producers

A

Del Maguey

Los Nahuales

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7
Q

Name a great producer of each of the following styles of Rum.

Light Rum

Dark Rum

Demerara Rum

Rhum Agricole

Puerto Rican Rum

Jamaican Rum

A

Light Rum: Bacardi Silver, Mount Gay Premium White

Dark Rum: Gosling’s Black Seal Rum, Meyers Dark Rum

Demerara Rum: Demerara Distillers (north coast of south america)

Rhum Agricole: Rhum J.M. (free run sugarcane juice only)

Puerto Rican Rum: Bacardi

Jamaican Rum: Appleton

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8
Q

What are the 5 legal designations for Scotch Whisky?

A

Single Malt Scotch Whisky

Blended Malt Scotch Whisky

Single Grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Scotch Whisky

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9
Q

Name 2 producers from each of the following Scotch regions.

Highlands

Lowlands

Speyside

Islay

Campbletown

Islands

A

Highlands: Oban, Dalwhinnie, Glenmorangie, and Dalmore

Lowlands: Glenkinchie, Auchentoshan, and Bladnoch

Speyside: Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan

Islay: Ardberg, Lagavulin, Laphroig

Campbletown: Glen Scotia, Glengyle, Springbank

Islands: Highland Park (Orkney), Talisker (Skye)

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10
Q

What are the 3 active distilleries in Ireland?

A

Old Bushmills

Cooley

New Midelton (producer of Jameson)

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11
Q

List the subregions of Cognac.

A

Bois Ordinaires/Bois a Terroirs
Bons Bois

Fin Bois

Borderies

Petit Champagne

Grand Champagne

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12
Q

What is a pommace spirit called in Portugal?

A

bagaceira

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13
Q

Name 2 great producers of Italian Grappa?

A

Jacopo Poli

Gianola Nonino

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14
Q

What is the precursor to the pot still?

A

Alembic still

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15
Q

Where does alcohol’s name derive from?

A

al-koh’l

Arab in origin means- cosmetic powder purified through distillation

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16
Q

What are synonyms for the Continuous still?

A

Coffey still

Column still

Patent still

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17
Q

define: congeners

A

volatile molecules such as:

esters, alcohols, aldehydes

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18
Q

What are the names of the two columns in a Continuous Still?

A

Analyzer

Rectifier

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19
Q

What four things add flavor to a base spirit?

A

Oak

Maceration

Percolation

Infusion

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20
Q

Define: Maceration

A

Steeping using a cold method that takes time

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21
Q

Define: infusion

A

Steeping flavor into a spirit by a quick hot method

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22
Q

Define: percolation

A

A base spirit is pumped through a flavoring agent

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23
Q

What is the general abv range for liquers?

A

15-30%

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24
Q

Define: the wash

A

finished product of fermentation destined to be distilled

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25
Q

Vodka is typically distilled in a ?

A

Continous still

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26
Q

Vodka derives from the Russian word for?

A

water

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27
Q

What is vodka filtered with to become ultra clean?

A

Charcoal

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28
Q

In the EU vodka must have a minimum ABV of?

A

37.5%

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29
Q

What is the best selling premium Vodka in the US?

A

Grey Goose

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30
Q

Tito’s handmade Vodka is made from a 100%?

A

Corn

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31
Q

Define gin at its basic level

A

flavored vodka

mostly juniper berries

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32
Q

What is London Dry Gin?

A

Style of gin: general characters besides juniper

orange/lemon peel

anise

cardamom

coriander

nutmeg

angelica root

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33
Q

Name popular London Dry gins

A

Beefeater

Tanqueray

Bombay Sapphire

Gordon’s

Boodles

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34
Q

Where was London Dry gin developed?

A

Holland

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35
Q

What is Genever?

A

Originally produced as a medicinal oil based on crude gin

sweeter but less alcoholic than London Dry gin

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36
Q

What are the dominant aromatics in Genever?

A

Juniper and Malt

can be aged in oak casks and take on color and roundness

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37
Q

What is meaning of the following labels for Genever?

Oude

Jonge

Corenwyn

A

Old- incorporates a minimum 15% “malt wine”; a distillate of corn, rye, and wheat

Young- cleaner more neutral Genever

Corn wine- cask aged version which malt wine comprises at least 51% of the distillate

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38
Q

Who makes Plymouth Gin?

A

Plymouth Coates and Co in England- sole producer based in Plymouth England

Styles are Plymouth, Navy Strength, Sloe

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39
Q

What is the perfect gin for a pink gin cocktail?

A

Plymouth

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40
Q

Name a lightly sweetened gin from England?

A

Old Tom

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41
Q

What distillery has revived Old Tom gin?

A

Hayman’s distillery

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42
Q

What gin is used for a Tom Collins cocktail?

A

Old Tom

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43
Q

What is the base for a Martinez cocktail?

A

Old Tom gin

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44
Q

What grains are distilled for Whiskey?

A

unmalted/malted barley

maize

rye

oats

wheat

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45
Q

What does whisky (uisgebeatha) mean?

A

Water of life

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46
Q

Who distilled Kentucky’s first whisky?

A

Rev. Elijah Craig

1789

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47
Q

Bourbon must be distlled from a minimum ____% corn?

A

51%

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48
Q

Bourbon whisky is aged in ?

A

Charred new oak casks

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49
Q

What is “straight bourbon”?

A

Whiskey aged for at least two years in barrel and no added coloring or flavoring

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50
Q

Kentucky bourbon whisky must be produced in Kentucky.

True or False

A

False

95% of bourbon whiskey is made in Kentucky

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51
Q

Tennessee whiskey must be filtered with ________ prior to aging and must be manufactured in ________?

A

Charcoal

Tennessee

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52
Q

Define: Sour mash

A

a portion of spent mash is incorporated into a newly fermenting mash

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53
Q

Name two great producers of Rye Whiskey.

A

Sazerac

Rittenhouse

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54
Q

Rye whiskey must be distilled by a minimum of _____% rye?

A

51%

It must also be aged for a minimum of 2 years in new charred oak barrels

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55
Q

Corn whiskey is produced from a minimum ____% corn?

A

80%

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56
Q

Corn whiskey must be aged in new charred oak barrels?

True or false

A

False

may be unaged or aged in used or uncharred new barrels.

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57
Q

What aging vessels are used for Scotch whisky?

A

used Bourbon and Sherry casks

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58
Q

What is a dominant trait of Scotch Whisky?

A

Peat

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59
Q

Where does peat come from?

A

Peat bogs located in Scotland near coasts and islands

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60
Q

What are the 5 legal categories of Scotch?

A

Single Malt Scotch Whisky

Single Grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Malt Scotch Whisky

Blended grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Scotch Whisky

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61
Q

Describe Single Malt Scotch Whisky

A
  • distilled from malted barley in a pot still at a single distillery
  • must be bottled in Scotland
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62
Q

Define Single Grain Malt Whisky

A
  • produced at a single distillery
  • unmalted barley, wheat, or corn
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63
Q

Define Blended Malt Scotch Whisky

A

-produced from a blend of malt scotch whiskies

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64
Q

Define Blended Grain Scotch Whisky

A

-produced from two or more grain scotch whiskies

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65
Q

What is Blended Scotch Whisky?

A

a mixture of malt and grain whiskies produced at a number of different distilleries

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66
Q

What is a synonym for blended malt whiskies?

A

pure malt- old term no longer used

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67
Q

How many distillations must a Scotch Whisky go through and how many years must it age?

A

2 distillation

3 years

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68
Q

How many years is Single Malt Scotch generally aged?

A

10 years

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69
Q

Scotch Whisky must be a minimum ______% ABV?

A

40%

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70
Q

Most Scotch whiskies can’t be aged longer than ?

A

30-32 years

angels share would dilute the whisky below minimum levels

71
Q

What are the six regions of production in Scotland?

A

Highland

Lowland

Speyside

Islay

Campbeltown

Islands

72
Q

What is the largest region in Scotland?

What are it’s best known distillers?

A

Highland

  • Oban
  • Glenmorangie
  • Dalwhinnie
  • Dalmore
73
Q

What is the considered the lightest and least smoky region in Scotland?

What are its best producers?

A

Lowland

  • Glenkinchie
  • Auchentoshan
  • Bladnoch
74
Q

Speyside is a fromer subzone of _________.

A

Highlands

75
Q

What river is in Speyside Scotland?

A

Spey

76
Q

What distilleries do you find in Speyside

A

There are many

  • Glenlevit
  • Glenfiddich
  • Macallan

milder and fruity in character

77
Q

What 3 distillieries are in Campbeltown?

A

Glen Scotia

Glengyle

Springbank

78
Q

What are the major Scotch producing islands?

A

Skye

Jura

Mull

Arran

Orkney

79
Q

What island is Highland Park distillery located on?

A

Isle of Orkney

80
Q

What island of Scotland is the Talisker distillery located on?

A

Isle of Skye

81
Q

What Scotland region producese the peatiest whiskies?

Who are it’s greatest producers?

A

Islay

  • Ardbeg
  • Lagavulin
  • Laphroaig
82
Q

Which country has been distilling whiskey longer than anyone else?

A

Ireland

83
Q

What 3 distilleries of Ireland were in operation by the late 2000’s?

How many exist today?

A

Old Bushmills

Cooley

New Midleton (maker of Jameson)

The number has tripled with more coming on line

84
Q

What are the basic reason why Irish Whiskey is lighter in character than Scotch Whisky?

A

Use of unmalted barley

no peat bogs

85
Q

What peaty whiskey is made by Cooley?

A

Single Malt Connemara

86
Q

How many times is Irish Whiskey traditionally distilled?

A

3

87
Q
A
88
Q

What is the minimum aging for Irish Whiskey?

A

3 years

in practice it is usually aged for 7 years

89
Q

Canadian dry whiskies are traditionally _______?

A

blended

must be aged 3 years before sale

90
Q

Who is Japan’s most famous producer of whiskey?

A

Suntory

offering blended and single malt whiskies

91
Q

What is the minimum percentage of rye in a Canadian Rye Whiskey?

A

trick question- there is none

92
Q

Where is Glenora distillers located and what is it known for?

A

Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

distills malt whisky in the style of Scotch

93
Q

What is brandy’s main source of distillation?

A

Wine- not pomace

94
Q

What is the minimum ABV and length of oak aging of Brandy in the EU?

A

36%

6 months oak aging

95
Q

Cognac and Armagnac are delimited regions of what spirit?

A

Brandy

96
Q

In what year was Cognac first defined and in what year was it finalized?

A

1909

1938

97
Q

In descending order of quality what are the six defined regions in production

A

Grand Champagne

Petit Champagne

Borderies

Fin Bois

Bon Bois

Bois Ordinaires (Bois a Terroirs)

98
Q

What is the preferred soil of Cognac?

A

Soft chalk

high percentage in Champagne regions

99
Q

What is the main grape used in Cognac production?

Name 2 additional varieties that can be used.

A

Ugni Blanc (St-Emilion)

98% of plantings

Folle Blanche; Colombard

100
Q
A
101
Q

How many times is Cognac distilled?

A

Twice

102
Q

What still is used in Cognac production?

A

Charentais pot still

103
Q

What are the names of the first and second distillations in Cognac?

A

1st- Brouillis

2nd- Bonne chauffe

104
Q

The second distillation in Cognac is divided into many parts. Name them.

A

Bonne Chauffe- 2nd distillation

1- Tete (heads)

2- Coeur (heart)

3- Seconds (second cuts)

4- Queue (tails)

105
Q

What is the only part that is kept in distillation in Cognac?

A

Hearts

106
Q

What is the traditional oak used in Cognac?

A

Oak that comes from the Limousin and Troncais forests

107
Q

What can be added to Cognac prior to bottling that fixes strength and color?

A

Water and caramel

108
Q

What do the following bottle designations mean in Cognac?

VS

VSOP

XO

A

VS (Very Special)- connotates at least 2 years in cask

VSOP (Very Special, or Superior, Old Pale)- connotates at least 4 years in cask

XO (Extra Old)- connotates at least 6 years in cask *this will be raised to 10 years by 2018*

109
Q

If a region is labeled on a bottle of Cognac, what percentage must come from that region?

A

100%

110
Q

What is Fine Champagne?

A

distilled wines that come entirely from either Grand Champagne or Petit Champagne.

Minimum 50% of blend is Grand Champagne

111
Q

Where is Cognac located?

A

Northeast of Bordeaux in France

112
Q

Where is Armagnac located?

A

Southwest of Bordeax, France

113
Q

What are the 3 regions of Armagnac?

A

Haut-Armagnac

Bas-Armagnac

Armagnac-Tenareze

114
Q

What grapes are used in the production of Armagnac?

A

Ugni Blanc

Colombard

Folle Blanc (Picpoul)

Baco Blanc

115
Q

What is the only hybrid grape authorized in France?

A

Baco Blanc- in the Armagnac region

116
Q

How many distillations does Armagnac typically go through?

A

Once- 95% of production

it can go twice but rare

117
Q

Define the following terms on an Armagnac bottle.

Blanche

VS

VSOP

XO

A

Blanche- spirit was not aged in oak, but an inert contianer

VS or ***- spirit rested in barrel between 1-3 yeras

VSOP- spirit rested in barrel between 4-9 years

XO or Hors d’Age- spirit rested in barrel a minimum of 10 years

118
Q

What is petits eaux?

A

A mixture of distilled water and Armagnac

it falls below mandatory abv- is used to blend with full strength to find the right balance

119
Q

Name 2 producers of Armagnac

A

Larresingle

Chateau Labaude- specializes in vintage release

120
Q

What are the traditional grapes used in Brandy de Jerez?

A

Airen

Palomino (Listan)

121
Q

What is an alquitara?

A

Copper pot still

Jerez

122
Q

What do the following designations mean on a bottle of Brandy de Jerez?

Solera

Solera Reserva

Solera Gran Reserva

A

Solera- aged in wood for an average of one year

Solera Reserva- aged in wood for an average of three years

Solera Gran Reserva- aged in wood for an average of ten years

123
Q

Which oak is used in the soleras of Brandy de Jerez?

A

American Oak

124
Q

What is aguardente?

A

Portuguese brandy

125
Q

Where is Germain-Robin located?

A

Ukiah, CA

known for brandy production

126
Q

What is Pisco?

A

Chilean & Peruvian grape brandy that has not been aged in wood

127
Q

What are pomace spirits?

A

spirits produced from pomace- leftovers after pressing grapes

128
Q

Identify 3 pomace spirits

A

Marc- France

Grappa- Italy

Bagaceira- Portugal

129
Q

What designations can be given to Grappa?

A

Riserva

Stravecchia

Vecchia

Invecchiata

130
Q

Grappa can be aromatized?

True or False

A

True

with the addition of herbal, spice, and fruit

131
Q

Brandy is a distillate of what?

A

wine

132
Q

In what region of France would you find Calvados?

A

Normandy

northern France

133
Q

What are the 3 delimited appellations of Calvados?

A

Calvados AOC

Calvados Domfrontais AOC

Calvados Pays d’Auge AOC

134
Q

What is Calvados distilled in?

What is Calvados aged in traditionally and for how long?

A

Copper pot still

Oak casks- minimum 2 years

135
Q

What is the premier appellation of Calvados? What percentage of pear cider can be used in the blend from this region?

A

Calvados Pays d’Auge

maximum 30% pear cider

136
Q

What are the requirements of the Calvados Domfrontais AOC?

A

Minimum 30% pear cider

Minimum 3 years aging in oak

Must be produced by continuous distillation

137
Q

What do the following designations mean on a bottle of Calvados?

Vieux/Reserve

Vieille Reserve/VSOP

XO/ Hors d’Age/ Extra/ Napolean

Fine

A

Vieux/Reserve- 3 years of aging

Vieille Reserve/VSOP- 4 years of aging

XO/ Hors d’Age/ Extra/ Napolean- 6 years of aging

Fine- youngest Calvados bottlings

138
Q

Can Calvados be vintage dated?

A

Yes, most are blends

139
Q

What is Kirschwasser (Kirsch)?

A

Eau de vie from black cherries

140
Q

What is Poire William?

A

Eau de vie from Williams (Bartlett) pears.

141
Q

What is Poire William aged in?

A

glass- keeps the alcohol relatively high

142
Q

Raspberry eau de vie is called _________?

A

Framboise- clear spirit unlike the liqueur

143
Q

Name 4 plum eau de vies.

A

Slivovitz- Europe (central and eastern)

Mirabelle-

Quetsch- Alsace

Prunelle-

144
Q

What is the national drink of Tunisia?

A

Boukha

fig eau de vie

145
Q

What is Barack Palinka?

A

Apricot eau de vie- Hungary

146
Q

Rum is a distilled spirit produced from fermented?

A

Sugarcane

or

Molasses

147
Q

Where and when did Rum originate?

A

Carribean

17th century

Travelled quickly to Central and South Americas

148
Q

What are the four major styles of Rum

A

Light Rum

Dark Rum

Demerara Rum

Rhum Agricole

149
Q

How is Light Rum produced?

A

Continuous method

Short period of cask aging

Charcoal filter to remove color

150
Q

What style of rum is best for mixing?

A

Light Rum

151
Q

Where is Mount Gay Rum?

A

Barbados

Unique in it is a “light rum” but are golden in color due to time in oak

152
Q

Where is Demerara Rum located?

Who is its sole producer?

A

Guyana- north coast of South America

Demerara Distillers are the only distillers remaining

Demerara Rum was born on the banks of the Demerara river.

153
Q

What is Cachaca?

A

Light Rum distilled from sugarcane- located in Brazil

base for the caipirinha cocktail

154
Q

How is Dark Rum typically made?

A

Twice distilled in a pot still

aged for a long time in cask

caramel for coloring

155
Q

Where is Rhum Agricole produced?

A

Martinique AOC- French carribean islands

156
Q
A
157
Q

How is Rhum Agricole produced?

A

Sugarcane juice only

Column distillation mandate

158
Q

What state of Mexico is tequila primarily made in?

A

Jalisco

159
Q

What states in Mexico can produce tequila?

A

Jalisco

Guanajuato

Tamaulipas

Nayarit

Michoacan

160
Q
A
161
Q

What is tequila distilled from?

A

heart of the blue agave plant

162
Q

How much blue agave is mandatory in the production of tequila?

A

51%

163
Q

What are the two types of distillation methods commonly used for Tequila production?

A

Traditional pot still (twice)

Continuous method

164
Q

If Tequila is immediately bottled after distillation what is it called?

A

Blanco or Silver

165
Q

What does reposado mean on a bottle of Tequila?

A

It has been aged between 60 days and one year in casks

166
Q

Anejo tequilas are aged to a maximum of ___ years in cask?

A

3 years

167
Q

Tequilas aged a minimum 3 years in cask are labeled as ?

A

Extra Anejo

168
Q

Tequila is a subset of what category?

A

Mezcal

169
Q

What is Mezcal?

A

distilled liquor produced from fermented agave, principally in the state of Oaxaca

170
Q

Which agave plants are typically used in Mezcal?

A

Maguey

Espadin

171
Q

How do bitters get their flavor?

A

a base spirit is flavored by the addition of spices, herbs, roots, fruit, or botanicals

172
Q

What is an Amaro?

A

Italian bitters

173
Q

What distinguishes between apertifs and digestifs?

A

Lower alcohol bitters- better for blending; Campari or Aperol

Higher alcohol bitters- sipping after dinner; Fernet or Averna

174
Q

Demerara rum is made with what?

A

Molasses

Spirits (4 decks)

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