basal ganglia part 1

Question 2

The basal ganglia (basal nuclei) are a group of —– ——nuclei.

Answer 2

The basal ganglia (basal nuclei) are a group of functionally related nuclei.

Question 3

Subthalamic Nucleus (STN)

Answer 3

located in diencephalon

Question 5

Dopaminergic neurons

Answer 5

are located in dorsal part of the substantia nigra

(cmpact part

Question 6

also located medially in ventral tegmental area.

Answer 6

Dopaminergic neurons

Question 7

Substantia Nigra (SN)

Compact Part (SNc) and Reticular Part (SNr)

Answer 7

in midbrain

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

dopamine

Answer 13

“reward system

Question 14

The substantia nigra (reticular part) functions with the

—–as the output from the —-.

Answer 14

The substantia nigra (reticular part) functions with the GPi as the output from the BG.

Question 16

ventral region of continuity btwn caudate and putamen

Answer 16

striatum

Question 18

lenticular nucleus

Answer 18

putamen

gpe

gpi

Question 21

cognition processes and control of movements.

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

dopamine

Answer 22

enjoyment and pleasure, which reinforces and motivates

Question 23

extrapyramidal system”

Answer 23

describes the nuclei and pathways of the BG

termed in 1900 by early 1900s Kinnier Wilson

Question 24

influences motor and non motor sysem

Answer 24

basal ganglia

Question 25

A lesion to —- —— of the BG will disrupt movement

Answer 25

A lesion to one or more of the BG will disrupt movement

Question 26

Absence of spontaneous movement/ slowness of movement

Inability to inhibit unwanted movements

Answer 26

A lesion to one or more of the BG

Question 27

TF BG directly innervate LMNs in the spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei;

Answer 27

F BG do NOT directly innervate LMNs in the spinal cord or cranial nerve nuclei;

Question 28

TF lesion to one or more of the BG produce paralysis

Answer 28

lesion to one or more of the BG does not produce paralysis

Question 29

tf BG only influence motor actions

Answer 29

t BG only influence motor actions

Question 30

Hypokinetic Disorder

Answer 30

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 31

loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc

Answer 31

Parkinson’s Disease a hypokinetic disease

Question 32

Akinesia/Bradykinesia: without (difficulty initiating) movement/ slowness of movement

Answer 32

Hypokinetic Disorder

Question 33

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 33

Rigidity: increase in muscle tone

Question 34

Resting tremor:

Answer 34

rhythmic involuntary movement at rest

in Parkinson’s Disease

Question 35

Hypokinetic Disorder like parkinsons dispkay

Answer 35

Postural instability

Question 36

Chorea:

Answer 36

rapid, abrupt and random movements (limbs, face)

Hyperkinetic Disorders

Question 37

Putamen

Answer 37

input from motor and somatosensory cortices

influences motor output.

Question 38

info from limbic cortex, hippocampus and amygdala

Answer 38

N. Accumben

Question 39

emotional and behavioral functions.

Answer 39

N. Accumbens

Question 40

Athetosis:

Answer 40

slow, writhing movements

Hyperkinetic Disorders

Question 41

Hyperkinetic Disorders

Answer 41

Types of abnormal involuntary movements

Question 42

Ballism(“ballistic movement ”)

Answer 42

:violent, large-amplitude mvmts

hyperkinetic disease

Question 43

Huntington’s Disease (HD

Answer 43

progressive degeneration of projection neurons and local circuit neurons in the caudate and putamen.

Question 44

TF in huntington;s disease a Hyperkinetic Disorders;

Neurons that give rise to the indirect pathway are preferentially lost.

Answer 44

F Neurons that give rise to the indirect pathway are preferentially lost.

Question 45

extensive —– projections to the striatum;

Answer 45

extensive cortical projections to the striatum;

Question 46

recivees info from cortical association areas and has a role in cognitive functions

Answer 46

Caudate

Question 51

cognitive functions

Answer 51

Dorsolateral prefrontal Loop:

Question 52

motor output.

Answer 52

motor loop

Question 53

Orbitofrontal loop:

Answer 53

planning and initiating socially appropriate actions

Question 54

Limbic loop

Answer 54

emotional and behavioral functions.

Question 55

Oculomotor loop:

Answer 55

control of orientation and gaze.