basal ganglia disporders

Question 1

classification of movement disorders

Answer 1

hypokinetic: parkinsons disease

Hyperkinetic: huntingtons, hemiballism, tic disorders

Question 2

parkinsons disease

Answer 2

gradual loss of dopaminergic cells within the SNc

basal nuclei inhibitory out put is increased

thalamic activtity is inhibited
cerebral cortical stimulation is reduced
Descending motor pathways adversely affected

A hypokinetic disorder, less movement

Question 3

parkinsons disease signs and symptoms

Answer 3

TRAP
Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, postural instability

Medical treatments: Levodopa, D agonists, MAO B inhibitors, anticholinergics

Surgical: DBStimulation of GPi and STN

Question 4

hutinngtons disease

Answer 4

autosomal dominant

Degeneration of striatum, GPe becomes abnormally active, reducing the output of the STN, Basal nuclei inhibitory output is reduced
thalamic activity is disinhibited
cerebral cortical stimulation is abnormally increased
descending motor pathways adversely affected

hyperkinetic

Question 5

huntingtons disease signs and symptoms

Answer 5

chorea (jerky movements), Athetosis (writhing movements), progressing symptons

Question 6

hemibalism

Answer 6

unilateral flinging movements of extremities

contralateral to side of basal ganglia nuclei lesion
lesion of suthalamic nucleus

Basal nuclei inhibitory output is reduces
Thalamic activity is disinhibited
cerebral cortex stimulation is abnormally increased
descending motor pathways adversely affected
hyperkinetic disorder

Question 7

tic disorders

Answer 7

habitual movements of facial or neck muscles or brief vocalizations that may become prominent when a person is stressed pathology is unknown

Question 8

tourette’s syndrome

Answer 8

occurs in late childhood, vocal and motor tics
autosomal dominant
boys