Barry Stroke Flashcards
What are the types of stokes and what type is bazza have?
Ischemic
There are several types of strokes, primarily categorized into two main groups:
-
Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, accounting for about 87% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed, often due to a blood clot. Ischemic strokes can be further divided into:
- Thrombotic Stroke: A clot forms in one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain, often due to atherosclerosis.
- Embolic Stroke: A clot forms elsewhere in the body (often the heart) and travels to the brain.
-
Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding in or around the brain. It can be classified into:
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding occurs within the brain tissue itself.
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding occurs in the space between the brain and the tissue covering it.
There’s also a related condition known as a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often referred to as a “mini-stroke.” This occurs when there is a temporary decrease in blood supply to the brain, causing symptoms that last for a short time, usually less than an hour.
Each type of stroke requires different treatment approaches and has distinct causes and risk factors.
What are the risk factors that are modifiable
Alc consumption
Certain drugs
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis and PVD
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity
Smoking
What are the risk factors that are modifiable
Alc consumption
Certain drugs
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis and PVD
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity
Smoking
What are the non modifiable risk factors
Advance age
Arterial complications
Atrial fibrillation
Certain blood disorders
Family hx
Gender
Ethnic origin
Previous stroke or TIA or MI
Patent foramen ovale
Barry’s risk factora
Smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
Game hx
Hypercholesterolemia
Cardiac arrhythmia
Advance age
Hypertension
T2DM
Previous stroke
Male
Signs and symptoms of a stroke
Numbness of face or legs
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Trouble walking g
Dizziness, kmbalance or u could movement
Facial droop
Uneven strength in limbs
Memory loss and confusion
Bazzas signs and symptoms
Difficulties walking..banging I to things
Hearing loss
Collapse
Slurred speech
Facial.droop
Difficulties moving his arm
FACE
Facial droop
Arm.droop
Slurred speech
Time it happened
Ischemic stroke…more
It happens when a blood vessel to the brain is obstructed by a clot.
This can be due to a thrombosis…plaque breaks off the artery and a clot forms…embolism.
S and s
Weakness or numbness
Diff speaking
Visual problems
Severe headache
Symptoms will depend on which area of the brain is affected
Bazzas stroke
Caused by a shower of embolism obstructing multiple areas of the brain
Leading to ischemia and Hypoxia
Hypoxic tissue resorts to anaerobic metabism anc cell death (infartion) and function loss
The by products from thr death of brain tissue causes further damage to.surrounding cells which can lead to brain swelling and death
Bazzas stroke
Caused by a shower of embolism obstructing multiple areas of the brain
Leading to ischemia and Hypoxia
Hypoxic tissue resorts to anaerobic metabism anc cell death (infartion) and function loss
The by products from thr death of brain tissue causes further damage to.surrounding cells which can lead to brain swelling and death
Area of bazzas brain affected
Left and middle posterior artery
Post inferior cerebral arteries
Infarction within left temporal and occipital lobes
The cerebellum amd brainstem with involvement of the cranial nerves
Bazzas brain nerves
Trigeminal nerve….face senses and movement of chewing
Abducens nerv V1 …eyes and eyelids
Facila nerve V11…tears, fave especially taste
Vagus nerve… throat muscle, vocalization, motor op to heart, lungs, abdo organs pain senseat9pn ass with thr viscera
GcS categories
Verbal response 5 normal to 1 none
Eye opening 5 normal to 1 none
Motor response
Evaluation of a stroke
CT scan
MRI
Neurological assessments
Barry could only blow up one cheek
Couldnknly feel sensations on r side of face
Can blink right eye
Had good movement of r leg and only some movement of.thr l.leg
Can’t lift l arm
Other problems bazza had
Dysarthia…diff speaking due to weak muscles
Dysphagia..swallowing and chewing
Truncal ataxia..poor coordination and balance through the trunk
Hemiparesus
Visual disturbances
Right sided homonyms hemiapopia peripheral vision lost in both eyes on the l side
Fatigue
Depression
Increased anger and frustration
Lowered mood
Poor concentratipn
Other problems bazza had
Dysarthia…diff speaking due to weak muscles
Dysphagia..swallowing and chewing
Truncal ataxia..poor coordination and balance through the trunk
Hemiparesus
Visual disturbances
Right sided homonyms hemiapopia peripheral vision lost in both eyes on the l side
Fatigue
Depression
Increased anger and frustration
Lowered mood
Poor concentratipn
Immediate medication
RtPA
Tissue plasminogen activator
Naturally occurs in humans ad a protease enzyme
Activates plasmid which converts plasminogen into plasma
Plasmin is a fibrinolytic which breaks down the fibrin holding blood clots together
Does treat ischemic strokes
Medications
Aspirin…blocks prostaglandin
Clopidigrel
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Hearing
Warfrin
Bazzas meds
Paracetamol
Aspirin
Dipyridamole
Cilazapril ..ace inhibitor lowers B/P
Diltiazem..calcium channel blocker BP
Cloudiness.. vadodilator decrease bp
Gliclizide releases insulin
Citalopram
Metachlopramide…
Omeprozole poton pum.inhibitor
Ciprofloxacibe..eye drops.for corneal ulceration
Ongoing support for bazza
SLT for dysarthia and dysphasia
PT for truncal ataxia and hemiparesis.
Home care
Pt
OT
SLT
Clinical.psychogist
Nursing
OT
