Barry Nicholls Flashcards
What is a phase boundary?
Point at which states are in equilibrium with one another
What 3 factors affect IMF strength?
Size and mass - bulk
Shape - 1D, 2D, 3D
Electrical dipoles - permanent or temporary
Why does water have an abnormally high boiling point?
Its polarity and ability to make hydrogen bonds
What is a triple point?
Where all three phases are in dynamic equilibrium with one another
What is the triple point of water?
0.006 atmospheres and 0.16 degrees Celsius
What is vapour pressure?
In a sealed container when a liquid starts to evaporate. The pressure the vapour is exerting on the container
Why is vapour pressure increased with an increase in temperature?
As there is more kinetic energy so molecules move faster, therefore facilitating to the gas phase
What is the ‘normal boiling point’?
The boiling point of a substance at 1 atmosphere
State the phase rule and what each part stands for?
F = C - P + 2
F - number of degrees of freedom
C - number of chemical components
P - the number of phases of the system
What variables can a 1 component system change?
Change temperature and pressure
What variables can a 2 component system change?
Just the temperature - pressure remains constant (1 atmosphere)
What variables can a 3 component system change?
None
State Boyle’s law?
For a given quantity of gas at a given temperature, its volume is inversely proportional to the pressure
State Charles’ law?
For a given quantity of gas at a given pressure, its volume is directly proportional to its temperature
State Avogadro’s principle?
At a given temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas contain the same number of molecules
