Barrons 3500 D Flashcards
harbor
V. /庇护；隐藏/provide a refuge for; hide. The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees.
hardy
ADJ. /艰苦的；勇敢的/sturdy; robust; able to stand inclement weather. We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardy plants that could withstand our harsh New England winters.
harrowing
ADJ. /痛苦；悲怆/agonizing; distressing; traumatic. At first the former prisoner did not wish to discuss his harrowing months of captivity as a political hostage.
haughtiness
N. /傲慢；不逊/pride; arrogance. When she realized that Darcy believed himself too good to dance with his inferiors, Elizabeth took great offense at his haughtiness.
hazardous
ADJ. d/危险/angerous. Your occupation is too haz?ardous for insurance companies to consider your application.
hazy
ADJ. /朦胧的；模糊的/slightly obscure. In hazy weather, you cannot see the top of this mountain.
headlong
ADJ. /轻率的/hasty; rash. The slave seized the unex?pected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.
headstrong
ADJ. /硬脖子；任性；不屈/stubborn; willful; unyielding. Because she refused to marry the man her parents had chosen for her, everyone scolded Minna and called her a foolish head?strong girl.
heckler
N. /质问者/person who harasses others. The heckler kept interrupting the speaker with rude remarks. heckle,V.
hedonist
N. /享乐主义者/one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life. A thoroughgoing hedonist, he considered only his own pleasure and ignored any claims others had on his money or time.
heed
V. /注意，关注，留意/pay attention to; consider. We hope you heed our advice and get a good night’s sleep before the test. also N.
heedless
ADJ. /轻蔑的；不理睬的/not noticing; disregarding. He drove on, heedless of the danger warnings placed at the side of the road.
heinous
ADJ. /可恶的，令人深恶痛绝/atrocious; hatefully bad. Hitler’s heinous crimes will never be forgotten.
herbivorous
ADJ. /吃粮食的（动物）/grain-eating. Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food.
heresy
N. /少数意见，异端/opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion con?trary to accepted religion. Galileo’s assertion that the earth moved around the sun directly contradicted the religious teachings of his day; as a result, he was tried for heresy. heretic, N.
hermetic
ADJ. /密封的，气密的/sealed by fusion so as to be airtight. After you sterilize the bandages, place them in a container and seal it with a hermetic seal to protect them from contamina?tion by airborne bacteria.
hermitage
N. /隐居的居所/home of a hermit. Even in his remote her?mitage he could not escape completely from the world.
heterodox
ADJ. /非主流；异端/unorthodox; unconventional. To those who upheld the belief that the earth did not move, Galileo’s the?ory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly heterodox.
heterogeneous
ADJ. /异类，异种；不纯/dissimilar; mixed. This year’s entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body: it includes stu?dents from forty different states and twenty-six foreign countries, some the children of billionaires, others the off?spring of welfare families. heterogenity, N.
heyday
N. /鼎盛时期/time of greatest success; prime. In their hey?day, the San Francisco Forty-Niners won the Super Bowl two years running.
hiatus
N. /缝隙；短暂的空白/gap; interruption in duration or continuity; pause. During the summer hiatus, many students try to earn enough money to pay their tuition for the next school year.
hibernal
ADJ. /冬天的/wintry. Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.
hibernate
V. /冬眠/sleep throughout the winter. Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate. hibernation, N.
hierarchy
N. /分级，排序了的/arrangement by rank or standing; authoritar?ian body divided into ranks. To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.
hilarity
N. /狂欢，欢闹/boisterous mirth. This hilarity is improper on this solemn day of mourning.
hindrance
N. /障碍物/block; obstacle. Stalled cars along the high?way are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay. hinder,V.
histrionic
ADJ. /戏剧性的/theatrical. He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet, histrionics, N.
hoard
V. /储藏/stockpile; accumulate for future use. Whenever there are rumors of a food shortage, many people are tempted to hoard food. also N.
hoary
ADJ. /灰白的/white with age. The man was hoary and wrin?kled when he was 70.
hoax
N. /伎俩；小聪明/trick; practical joke. Embarrassed by the hoax, he reddened and left the room. alsoV.
hodgepodge
N. /大杂烩/jumble; mixture of ill-suited elements. The reviewer roundly condemned the play as a hodgepodge of random and purposeless encounters carried out by a cast lacking any uniformity of accent or style.
holster
N. /手枪套/pistol case. Even when he was not in uniform, he carried a holster and pistol under his arm.
homage
N. /敬意/honor; tribute. In her speech she tried to pay homage to a great man.
homogeneous
ADJ. /同类的/of the same kind. Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous, Sara and James decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural diversity. homogenize,V.
hone
V. /磨尖/sharpen. To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care.
hoodwink
V. /欺骗，迷惑，蛊惑/deceive; delude. Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremely cau?tious when he went to purchase a used car.
horde
N. /拥挤/crowd. Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers.
horticultural
ADJ. /园艺的/pertaining to cultivation of gardens. When he bought his house, he began to look for flowers and decorative shrubs, and began to read books dealing with horticultural matters.
host
N. /很多；主人；宿主/great number; person entertaining guests; animal or plant from which a parasite gets its nourishment. You must attend to a host of details if you wish to succeed as host of a formal dinner party. Leeches are parasites that cling to their hosts and drink their hosts’ blood.
hostility
N. /不友好，敌意/unfriendliness; hatred. A child who has been the sole object of his parents’ affection often feels hostility toward a new baby in the family, resenting the newcomer who has taken his place.
hovel
N. /小屋/shack; small, wretched house. He wondered how poor people could stand living in such a hovel.
hover
V. /逗留；盘旋；等待/hang about; wait nearby. The police helicopter hovered above the accident.
hue
N. /色调/color; aspect. The aviary contained birds of every possible hue.
hulking
ADJ. /大量的，巨大的/massive; bulky; great in size. Despite his hulking build, the heavyweight boxing champion was sur?prisingly light on his feet. hulk, N.
humane
ADJ. /仁慈/marked by kindness or consideration. It is ironic that the Humane Society sometimes must show its compassion toward mistreated animals by killing them to put them out of their misery.
humdrum
ADJ. /单调的/dull; monotonous. After his years of adven?ture, he could not settle down to a humdrum existence.
humid
ADJ. /潮湿的/damp. She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area.
humility
N. /谦逊/humbleness of spirit. He spoke with a humility and lack of pride that impressed his listeners.
hurtle
V. /冲击；碰撞；急冲/crash; rush. The runaway train hurtled toward dis?aster.
husband
V. /节约/use sparingly; conserve; save. Marathon run?ners must husband their energy so that they can keep going for the entire distance.
hybrid
N. /混合的，混血的/mongrel; mixed breed. Mendel’s formula explains the appearance of hybrids and pure species in breeding. alsoADJ.
hydrophobia
N. /恐水症；狂犬病/rabies; fear of water. A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydropho?bia.
hyperbole
N. /夸张/exaggeration; overstatement. As far as I’m concerned, Apple’s claims about the new computer are pure hyperbole: no machine is that good!
hypercritical
ADJ. /及其夸张/excessively exacting. You are hypercriti?cal in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes.
hypochondriac
N. /无病呻吟；忧郁症/person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness. The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for his patient who was a hypochondriac.
hypocritical
ADJ. /伪善；欺骗/pretending to be virtuous; deceiving. Believing Eddie to be interested only in his own advance?ment, Greg resented his hypocritical posing as a friend. hypocrisy, N.
hypothetical
ADJ. /基于假设的，设想的，假想的/based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed. Suppose you are accepted by Harvard, Stan?ford, and Brown. Which one would you choose to attend? Remember, this is only a hypothetical situation. hypothe?SiS, N.
ichthyology
N. /鱼类学/study of fish. Jacques Cousteau’s pro?grams about sea life have advanced the cause of ichthyol?ogy
icon
N. /偶像，象征；图标/religious image; idol. The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.
iconoclastic
ADJ. /打破旧习/attacking cherished traditions. Deeply iconoclastic, Jean Genet deliberately set out to shock con?ventional theatergoers with his radical plays.
ideology
N. /意识形态/system of ideas of a group. For people who had grown up believing in the communist ideology, it was hard to adjust to capitalism.
idiom
N. /习语；成语/expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the meanings of its individual words; distinctive style. The phrase “to lose one’s marbles” is an idiom: if I say that Joe’s lost his marbles, I’m not asking you to find some for him. I’m telling you idiomatically that he’s crazy.
idiosyncrasy
N. /特性，特质；古怪的，离心的/individual trait, usually odd in nature; eccentricity. One of Richard Nixon’s little idiosyncrasies was his liking for ketchup on cottage cheese. One of Hannibal Lecter’s little idiosyncrasies was his liking for human flesh. idiosyncratic,ADJ.
idolatry
N. /过度崇拜/worship of idols; excessive admiration. Such idolatry of singers of country music is typical of the exces?sive enthusiasm of youth.
ignite
V. /点燃/kindle; light. When Desi crooned, “Baby, light my fire,” literal-minded Lucy looked around for some paper to ignite.
ignoble
ADJ. /不高贵的；不光彩的/of lowly origin; unworthy. This plan is inspired by ignoble motives and I must, therefore, oppose it.
ignominy
N. /丢脸；抹黑；耻辱/deep disgrace; shame or dishonor. To lose the Ping-Pong match to a trained chimpanzee! How could Rollo stand the ignominy of his defeat? ignominious,ADJ.
illicit
ADJ. /非法的/illegal. The defense attorney maintained that his client had never performed any illicit action.
illimitable
ADJ. /无限/infinite. Man, having explored the far corners of the earth, is now reaching out into illimitable space.
illuminate
V. /照亮；明朗；澄清/brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten. Just as a lamp can illuminate a dark room, a per?ceptive comment can illuminate a knotty problem.
illusion
N. /幻觉/misleading vision. It is easy to create an optical illusion in which lines of equal length appear different.
illusory
ADJ. /虚幻的，不真实的/deceptive; not real. Unfortunately, the costs of running the lemonade stand were so high that Tom’s profits proved illusory.
imbalance
N. /不平衡，不成比例/lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion. To correct racial imbalance in the schools, school boards have bussed black children into white neighborhoods and white children into black ones.
imbibe
V. /吸收/drink in. The dry soil imbibed the rain quickly.
immaculate
ADJ. /无暇的/spotless; flawless; absolutely clean. Ken and Jessica were wonderful tenants and left the apartment in immaculate condition when they moved out.
imminent
ADJ. /即将到来，逼近的/near at hand; impending. Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till the deadline was imminent.
immobility
N. /无法移动，不可移动的/state of being immovable. Modern armies cannot afford the luxury of immobility, as they are vulnera?ble to attack while standing still.
immune
ADJ. /免疫；抵抗/resistant to; free or exempt from. Fortunately, Florence had contracted chicken pox as a child and was immune to it when her baby broke out in spots.
immutable
ADJ. /不可动摇的，不能改变的/unchangeable. All things change over time; nothing is immutable.
impair
V. /伤害/injure; hurt. Drinking alcohol can impair your abil?ity to drive safely; if you’re going to drink, don’t drive.
impale
V. /刺穿/Pierce. He was impaled by the spear hurled by his adversary.
impalpable
ADJ. /难以明了，难以觉察的/imperceptible; intangible. The ash is so fine that it is impalpable to the touch but it can be seen as a fine layer covering the window ledge.
impart
V. /赋予；告诉/reveal or tell; grant. Polly begged Grandma to impart her recipe for rugeleh, but her grandmother wouldn’t say a word.
impartial
ADJ. /公平的/not biased; fair. Knowing she could not be impartial about her own child, Jo refused to judge any match in which Billy was competing.
impassable
ADJ. /无路可通的；没法通行/not able to be traveled or crossed. A giant redwood had fallen across the highway, blocking all four lanes: the road was impassable.
impasse
N. /走投无路；僵局/predicament from which there is no escape; deadlock. In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope.
impassive
ADJ. /冷漠的/without feeling; imperturbable; stoical. Refusing to let the enemy see how deeply shaken he was by his capture, the prisoner kept his face impassive.
impeach
V. /控告，检举；弹劾/charge with crime in office; indict. The angry congressman wanted to impeach the president for his mis?deeds.
impeccable
ADJ. /没有缺点/faultless. The uncrowned queen of the fashion industry, Diana was acclaimed for her impeccable taste.
impecunious
ADJ. /身无分文的/without money. Though Scrooge claimed he was too impecunious to give alms, he easily could have afforded to be charitable.
impede
V. /阻止；拖延/hinder; block; delay. A series of accidents impeded the launching of the space shuttle.
impediment
N. /妨碍；障碍物/hindrance; stumbling-block. She had a speech impediment that prevented her speaking clearly.
impel
V. /驱使/drive or force onward. A strong feeling of urgency impelled her; if she failed to finish the project right then, she knew that she would never get it done.
impenetrable
ADJ. /难以进入的；难以渗透的；不可理解的/not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding. How could the murderer have got?ten into the locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.
impending
ADJ. /接近的；附近的/nearing; approaching. The entire country was saddened by the news of his impending death.
impenitent
ADJ. /执迷不悟的/not repentant. We could see from his tough guy attitude that he was impenitent.
imperative
ADJ. /及其重要，及其关键/absolutely necessary; critically important. It is imperative that you be extremely agreeable to Great?Aunt Maud when she comes to tea: otherwise she might not leave you that million dollars in her will. also N.
imperceptible
ADJ. /察觉不到的/unnoticeable; undetectable. Fortu?nately, the stain on the blouse was imperceptible after the blouse had gone through the wash.
imperial
ADJ. /帝王的；皇帝的/like an emperor; related to an empire. When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in ads as Queen Leona standing guard over the Palace Hotel, her critics mocked her imperial fancies.
imperious
ADJ. /专横的/domineering; haughty. Jane rather liked a man to be masterful, but Mr. Rochester seemed so bent on getting his own way that he was actually imperious!
impermeable
ADJ. /不能渗透的/impervious; not permitting passage through its substance. This new material is impermeable to liquids.
impertinent
ADJ. /不相干的；鲁莽的/insolent; rude. His neighbors’ impertinent curiosity about his lack of dates angered Ted. It was down?right rude of them to ask him such personal questions.
imperturbable
ADJ. /沉着冷静；平静/calm; placid; composed. In the midst of the battle, the Duke of Wellington remained imper?turbable and in full command of the situation despite the hysteria and panic all around him. imperturbability, N.
Impervious
ADJ. /不会被损的；不能渗透的/impenetrable; incapable of being dam?aged or distressed. The carpet salesman told Simone that his most expensive brand of floor covering was warranted to be impervious to ordinary wear and tear. Having read so many negative reviews of his acting, the movie star had learned to ignore them, and was now impervious to criticism.
impetuous
ADJ. /冲动的，鲁莽的/violent; hasty; rash. “Leap before you look” was the motto suggested by one particularly impetuous young man.
impetus
N. /动力；动机/incentive; stimulus; moving force. A new fed?eral highway program would create jobs and give added impetus to our economic recovery.
impiety
N. /不敬（对神）；不虔诚/irreverence; lack of respect for God. When members of the youth group draped the church in toilet paper one Halloween, the minister reprimanded them for their impiety.
impinge
V. /撞击；碰撞/infringe; touch;. collide with. How could they be married without impinging on one another’s freedom?
impious
ADJ. /不敬的；不礼貌的/irreverent. The congregation was offended by her impious remarks.
implacable
ADJ. /不能平静的/incapable of being pacified. Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of the Evremonde family.
implausible
ADJ. /难以置信的；不像是真的/unlikely; unbelievable. Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true.
implement
V. /贯彻，实现；用工具实现/put into effect; supply with tools. The mayor was unwilling to implement the plan until she was sure it had the governor’s backing. also N.
implicate
V. /牵连，牵扯（犯罪）；暗示/incriminate; show to be involved. Here’s the deal: if you agree to take the witness stand and implicate your partners in crime, the prosecution will recommend that the judge go easy in sentencing you.
implication
N. /含义；暗示/something hinted at or suggested. When Miss Watson said she hadn’t seen her purse since the last time Jim was in the house, the implication was that she sus?pected Jim had taken it. imply,V.
implicit
ADJ. /会意的，意会而不言传；暗示的/understood but not stated. Jack never told Jill he adored her; he believed his love was implicit in his actions.
implore
V. /恳求/beg. He implored her to give him a second chance.
imply
V. /暗示；表示/suggest a meaning not expressed; signify. When Aunt Millie said, “My! That’s a big piece of pie, young man!” was she implying that Bobby was being a glutton in helping himself to such a huge piece?
importunate
ADJ. /胡搅蛮缠的；苛刻的/urging; demanding. He tried to hide from his importunate creditors until his allowance arrived.
importune
V. /强求；不停的求/beg persistently. Democratic and Republi?can phone solicitors importuned her for contributions so fre?quently that she decided to give nothing to either party.
impostor
N. /冒充者；冒名顶替的人/someone who assumes a false identity. Holmes exposed the doctor as an impostor.
impotent
ADJ. /无能的；弱的/weak; ineffective. Although he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resist?ing the craving for a cigarette.
impoverished
ADJ. /穷/poor. The loss of their farm left the fam?ily impoverished and without hope.
impregnable
ADJ. /不受影响的；无敌的/invulnerable. Until the development of the airplane as a military weapon, the fort was considered impregnable.
impromptu
ADJ. /一时冲动的；即兴的/without previous preparation; off the cuff; on the spur of the moment. The judges were amazed that she could make such a thorough, well-supported presenta?tion in an impromptu speech.
impropriety
N. /不合适，不恰当/improperness; unsuitableness. Because of the impropriety of the punk rocker’s slashed T-shirt and jeans, the management refused to admit him to the hotel’s very formal dining room.
improvident
ADJ. /浪费的/thriftless. He was constantly being warned to mend his improvident ways and begin to “save for a rainy day.” improvidence, N.
improvise
V. /临时准备；即席创作，现编/compose on the spur of the moment. She would sit at the piano and improvise for hours on themes from Bach and Handel.
imprudent
ADJ. /轻率的，判断错误的/lacking caution; injudicious. It is imprudent to exercise vigorously and become overheated when you are unwell.
impudence
N. /无礼；厚颜无耻/impertinence; insolence. Kissed on the cheek by a perfect stranger, Lady Catherine exclaimed, “Of all the nerve! Young man, I should have you horse-whipped for your impudence.”
impugn
V. /打击；挑战/dispute or contradict (often in an insulting way); challenge; gainsay. Our treasurer was furious when the finance committee’s report impugned the accuracy of his financial records and recommended that he should take bonehead math.
impunity
N. /免受惩罚/freedom from punishment or harm. A 98?pound weakling can’t attack a beachfront bully with impunity. the poor, puny guy is sure to get mashed.
inadvertently
ADV. /不经意的/unintentionally; by oversight; care?lessly. Judy’s great fear was that she might inadvertently omit a question on the exam and mismark her whole answer sheet.
inalienable
ADJ. /无可取代的；不能给与的/not to be taken away; nontransferable. The Declaration of Independence mentions the inalienable rights that all of us possess.
inane
ADJ. /傻；粗心/silly; senseless. There’s no point to what you’re saying. Why are you bothering to make such inane remarks?
inanimate
ADJ. /了无生气的，死气沉沉的/lifeless. She was asked to identify the still and inanimate body.
inarticulate
ADJ. /不善于表达的；口齿不清的/speechless; producing indistinct speech. He became inarticulate with rage and uttered sounds with?out meaning.
inaugurate
V. /开始；开幕；开幕式/start; initiate; install in office. The airline decided to inaugurate its new route to the Far East with a special reduced fare offer. inaugural,ADJ.
incandescent
ADJ. /白炽的/strikingly bright; shining with intense heat. If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch.
incantation
N. /咒语/singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula. Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.
incapacitate
V. /使其无能力/disable. During the winter, many people were incapacitated by respiratory ailments.
incarcerate
V. /囚禁/imprison. The civil rights workers were will?ing to be arrested and even incarcerated if by their impris?onment they could serve the cause.
incarnation
N. /化身；具人形/act of assuming a human body and human nature. The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology.
incendiary
N. /纵火者/arsonist. The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain that it had been set by an incendiary. alsoADJ.
incense
V. /激怒/enrage; infuriate. Cruelty to defenseless ani?mals incensed Kit: the very idea brought tears of anger to her eyes.
incentive
N. /刺激，驱动/spur; motive. Mike’s strong desire to outshine his big sister was all the incentive he needed to do well in school.
inception
N. /开始，开端/start; beginning. She was involved with the project from its inception.
incessant
ADJ. /不停的/uninterrupted; unceasing. In a famous TV commercial, the frogs’ incessant croaking goes on and on until eventually it turns into a single word: “Bud-weis-er.”
inchoate
ADJ. /未成型的，早期的，刚开始的，发展中的/recently begun; rudimentary; elementary. Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass.
incidence
N. /发生；发生率；影响的范围、频度；入射角；关联，相结合，对接/rate of occurrence; particular occurrence. Health professionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas.
incidental
ADJ. /不重要的；少数的/not essential; minor. The scholarship cov?ered his major expenses at college and some of his inci?dental expenses as well.
incipient
ADJ. /开始；早期的/beginning; in an early stage. I will go to sleep early for I want to break an incipient cold.
incisive
ADJ. /尖锐；深刻，激烈/cutting; sharp. His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.
incite
V. /煽动，刺激，驱使/arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist. In a fiery speech, Mario incited his fellow students to go out on strike to protest the university’s anti-affirmative action stand.
inclement
ADJ. /险恶的；严酷的/stormy; unkind. In inclement weather, I like to curl up on the sofa with a good book and listen to the storm blowing outside.
incline
N. /倾斜，斜面/slope; slant. The architect recommended that the nursing home’s ramp be rebuilt because its incline was too steep for wheelchairs.
inclined
ADJ. /倾向；倾向于，弯曲/tending or leaning toward; bent. Though I am inclined to be skeptical, the witness’s manner inclines me to believe his story. alsoV.
inclusive
ADJ. /包揽一切的/tending to include all. The comedian turned down the invitation to join the Players’ Club, saying any club that would let him in was too inclusive for him.
incoherent
ADJ. /缺乏逻辑的，不聪明的；陈腐的/unintelligible; muddled; illogical. The excited fan blushed and stammered, her words becoming almost incoherent in the thrill of meeting her favorite rock star face to face. incoherence, N.
incompatible
ADJ. /不和谐；不兼容/inharmonious. The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they were incompatible. incompatibility, N.
incongruous
ADJ. /不调和的；荒谬的/not fitting; absurd. Dave saw nothing incongruous about wearing sneakers with his tuxedo; he couldn’t understand why his date took one look at him and started to laugh. incongruity, N.
inconsequential
ADJ. /不合理的，不重要的/insignificant; unimportant. Brushing off Ali’s apologies for having broken the wineglass, Tamara said, “Don’t worry about it; it’s inconsequential.”
inconsistency
N. /不一致的，自相矛盾的/state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness. How are lawyers different from agricultural inspectors? While lawyers check inconsisten?cies in witnesses’ statements, agricultural inspectors check inconsistencies in Grade A eggs. inconsistent,ADJ.
incontinent
ADJ. /缺乏自制力，放肆/lacking self-restraint; licentious. His incon?tinent behavior off stage so shocked many people that they refused to attend the plays and movies in which he appeared.
incontrovertible
ADJ. /无疑的，无可争议的/indisputable; not open to question. Unless you find the evidence against my client absolutely incontrovertible, you must declare her not guilty of this charge.
incorporate
V. /合并，联合/introduce something into a larger whole; combine; unite. Breaking with precedent, President Truman ordered the military to incorporate blacks into every branch of the armed services. alsoADJ.
incorporeal
ADJ. /非物质的，无形的；无实体的/lacking a material body; insubstantial. While Casper the friendly ghost is an incorporeal being, nevertheless he and his fellow ghosts make quite an impact on the physical world.
incorrigible
ADJ. /不可救药/not correctable. Though Widow Douglass hoped to reform Huck, Miss Watson called him incorrigible and said he would come to no good end.
incredulous
ADJ. /怀疑的/withholding belief; skeptical. When Jack claimed he hadn’t eaten the jelly doughnut, Jill took an incredulous look at his smeared face and laughed. incredulity, N.
increment
N. /增加/increase. The new contract calls for a 10 percent increment in salary for each employee for the next two years.
incriminate
V. /控告/accuse. The evidence gathered against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well.
incrustation
N. /驻扎/hard coating or crust. In dry dock, we scraped off the incrustation of dirt and barnacles that cov?ered the hull of the ship.
incubate
V. /孵卵/hatch; scheme. Inasmuch as our supply of electricity is cut off, we shall have to rely on the hens to incubate these eggs.
inculcate
V. /谆谆教导/teach; instill. In an effort to inculcate religious devotion, the officials ordered that the school day begin with the singing of a hymn.
incumbent
ADJ. /义不容辞的，职责在身的/obligatory; currently holding an office. It is incumbent upon all incumbent elected officials to keep accurate records of expenses incurred in office. also N.
incur
V. /招致/bring upon oneself. His parents refused to pay any future debts he might incur.
incursion
N. /袭击/temporary invasion. The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried the patience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliate in force.
indefatigable
ADJ. /疲倦/tireless. Although the effort of taking out the garbage tired Wayne out for the entire morning, when it came to partying, he was indefatigable.
indelible
ADJ. /去不掉的；不可磨灭的/not able to be erased. The indelible ink left a permanent mark on my shirt. Young Bill Clinton’s meeting with President Kennedy made an indelible impression on the youth.
indentation
N. /槽；小开口/notch; deep recess. You can tell one tree from another by examining their leaves and noting the dif?ferences in the indentations along the edges of the leaves. indent,V.
indenture
V. /契约/bind as servant or apprentice to master. Many immigrants could come to America only after they had indentured themselves for several years. also N.
indeterminate
ADJ. /不确定/uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite. That interest rates shall rise appears certain; when they will do so, however, remains indeterminate.
indicative
ADJ. /预示的/suggestive; implying. A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physical disorder.
indices
n. PL. /符号；暗示/signs; indications. Many college admissions officers believe that SAT scores and high school grades are the best indices of a student’s potential to succeed in col?lege. N. SG. index.
indict
V. /控告；起诉/charge. The district attorney didn’t want to indict the suspect until she was sure she had a strong enough case to convince a jury. indictment, N.
indifferent
ADJ. /普通的，无关紧要的/unmoved or unconcerned by; mediocre. Because Ann felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to Carl’s constant proposals. Not only was she indifferent to him personally, but she felt that, given his general silliness, he would make an indifferent husband.
indigenous
ADJ. native. Cigarettes are made of tobacco, a plant indigenous to the New World.
indigent
ADJ. /穷困的/poor; destitute. Someone who is truly indi?gent can’t even afford to buy a pack of cigarettes. [Don’t mix up indigent and indigenous. See previous sentence.]
indignation
N. /义愤；愤慨/anger at an injustice. He felt indignation at the ill-treatment of helpless animals.
indignity
N. /侮辱/offensive or insulting treatment. Although he seemed to accept cheerfully the indignities heaped upon him, he was inwardly very angry.
indiscretion
N. /轻率；莽撞/lack of tactfulness or sound judgment. Ter?rified that the least indiscretion could jeopardize his political career, the novice politician never uttered an unguarded word. indiscreet,ADJ.
indiscriminate
ADJ. /随意的；不分青红皂白的/choosing at random; confused. She disapproved of her son’s indiscriminate television viewing and decided to restrict him to educational programs.
indisputable
ADJ. /没有争论余地；非常清楚的/too certain to be disputed. In the face of these indisputable statements, I withdraw my complaint.
indissoluble
ADJ. /不能分解的；永久的/permanent. The indissoluble bonds of marriage are all too often being dissolved.
indoctrinate
V. /教导；灌输/instruct in a doctrine or ideology. Cuban?Americans resisted sending Elian Gonzalez back to Cuba because he would be indoctrinated there with Communist principles.
indolent
ADJ. /懒惰/lazy. Couch potatoes lead an indolent life lying back on their Lazyboy recliners watching Tv. indo-lence, N.
indomitable
ADJ. /不屈服的；不可被征服的/unconquerable; unyielding. Focusing on her game despite all her personal problems, tennis cham?pion Steffi Graf proved she had an indomitable will to win.
indubitable
ADJ. /不容置疑的；无疑的/unable to be doubted; unquestionable. Auditioning for the chorus line, Molly was an indubitable hit: the director fired the leading lady and hired Molly in her place!
induce
V. /劝诱；导致，引起/persuade; bring about. After the quarrel, Tina said nothing could induce her to talk to Tony again. induce?ment, N.
indulgent
ADJ. /宽容，纵容，溺爱/humoring; yielding; lenient. Jay’s mom was excessively indulgent she bought him every Nintendo car?tridge and video game on the market. She indulged Jay so much, she spoiled him rotten.
industrious
ADJ. /勤奋的，努力的/diligent; hard-working. Look busy when the boss walks by your desk; it never hurts to appear indus?trious. industry, N.
inebriated
ADJ. /醉的/habitually intoxicated; drunk. Abe was ine?briated more often than he was sober. Because of his ine?briety, he was discharged from his job as a bus driver.
ineffable
ADJ. /不可言喻的，无法用语言表达的；不能说的，避讳的/unutterable; cannot be expressed in speech. Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described.
ineffectual
ADJ. /无效的，弱的/not effective; weak. Because the candi?date failed to get across his message to the public, his campaign was ineffectual.
inefficacious
ADJ. /无能的，无效的/not effective; unable to produce a desired result. All Lois’s coaxing and urging was ineffica?cious: Clark still refused to join her and Superman for din?ner. inefficacy, N.
inept
ADJ. /不相称的，不合适的，不称职的/lacking skill; unsuited; incompetent. The inept glovemaker was all thumbs.
inequity
N. /不公平/unfairness. In demanding equal pay for equal work, women protest the basic inequity of a system that gives greater financial rewards to men.
inert
ADJ. /惰性的，不活跃的/inactive; lacking power to move. “Get up, you lazybones,” she cried to her husband, who lay in bed inert. inertia, N.
inevitable
ADJ. /不可避免地/unavoidable. Though death and taxes are both supposedly inevitable, some people avoid paying taxes for years.
inexorable
ADJ. /无情的；残酷的/relentless; unyielding; implacable. After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inex?orable and gave the convicted man the maximum punish?ment allowed by law.
infallible
ADJ. /一贯正确的/unerring. We must remember that none of us is infallible; we all make mistakes.
infamous
ADJ. /臭名昭著的，恶名远扬的/notoriously bad. Charles Manson and Jef?frey Dahmer are both infamous killers.
infantile
ADJ. /婴儿的，幼稚的/childish. When will he outgrow such infantile behavior?
infer
V. /推导，总结/deduce; conclude. From the students’ glazed looks, it was easy for me to infer that they were bored out of their minds. inference, N.
infernal
ADJ. /魔鬼的，地狱的/pertaining to hell; devilish. Batman was baf?fled: he could think of no way to hinder the Joker’s infernal scheme to destroy the city.
infidel
N. /异教徒，异端；不信宗教的/unbeliever. The Saracens made war against the infidels.
infiltrate
V. /渗透/pass into or through; penetrate (an organiza?tion) sneakily. In order to be able to infiltrate enemy lines at night without being seen, the scouts darkened their faces and wore black coveralls. infiltrator, N.
infinitesimal
ADJ. /微小的/very small. In the twentieth century, physi?cists have made their greatest discoveries about the charac?teristics of infinitesimal objects like the atom and its parts.
infirmity
N. /弱点/weakness. Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower.
inflated
ADJ. /夸张的，虚华的，被放大的/exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas). His claims about the new product were inflated, it did not work as well as he had promised.
influx
N. /注入，流入/flowing into. The influx of refugees into the coun?try has taxed the relief agencies severely.
informal
ADJ. /非正式的；不拘礼节的/absence of ceremony; casual. The English teacher preferred informal discussions to prepared lectures.
infraction
N. /打破（常规）/violation (of a rule or regulation); breach. When Dennis Rodman butted heads with that referee, he committed a clear infraction of NBA rules.
infuriate
V. /激怒，热火/enrage; anger. Her big brother’s teasing always infuriated Margaret; no matter how hard she tried to keep her temper, he always got her goat.
infusion
N. /灌输；浸泡；注入/act of introducing or instilling a quality; liquid solution. The rookie quarterback brought an infusion of new life and vigor to the tired team. infuse,V.
ingenious
ADJ. /聪明的/clever; resourceful. Kit admired the inge?nious way that her computer keyboard opened up to reveal the built-in CD-ROM below. ingenuity, N.
ingenue
N. /天真无邪的少女；扮演天真无邪的少女的女演员/an artless girl; an actress who plays such parts. Although she was forty, she still insisted that she be cast as an ingenue and refused to play more mature roles.
ingenuous
ADJ. /心无城府的；天真的；幼稚的；可信的/naive and trusting; young; unsophisti?cated. The woodsman had not realized how ingenuous Lit?tle Red Riding Hood was until he heard that she had gone off for a walk in the woods with the Big Bad Wolf.
ingrained
ADJ. /牢固的；深深扎根的；深入人心的/deeply established; firmly rooted. Try as they would, the missionaries were unable to uproot the ingrained superstitions of the natives.
ingrate
N. /忘恩负义者；不领情的人/ungrateful person. That ingrate Bob sneered at the tie I gave him.
ingratiate
V. /迎合，讨好；流行开来/become popular with. He tried to ingratiate himself into her parents’ good graces.
inherent
ADJ. /固有的，内在的；与生俱来的/firmly established by nature or habit. Katya’s inherent love of justice caused her to champion anyone she considered treated unfairly by society.
inhibit
V. /限制，防止；阻碍/restrain; retard or prevent. Only two things inhib?ited him from taking a punch at Mike Tyson: Tyson’s left hook, and Tyson’s right jab. The protective undercoating on my car inhibits the formation of rust.
inimical
ADJ. /不友好的；敌意的；有害的/unfriendly; hostile; harmful; detrimental. I’ve always been friendly to Martha. Why is she so inimical to me?
inimitable
ADJ. /独一无二的，独特的；防伪的，难以模仿的/matchless; not able to be imitated. We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.
iniquitous
ADJ. /邪恶的/wicked; immoral; unrighteous. Whether or not King Richard III was responsible for the murder of the two young princes in the Tower, it was an iniquitous deed. iniquity, N.
initiate
V. /开始，发源/begin; originate; receive into a group. The col?lege is about to initiate a program in reducing math anxiety among students.
injurious
ADJ./有害的/ harmful. Smoking cigarettes can be injurious to your health.
inkling
N. /暗示，提示/hint. This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans.
innate
ADJ. /先天的，天生的/inborn. Mozart’s parents soon recognized young Wolfgang’s innate talent for music.
innocuous
ADJ. /无害的，无辜的/harmless. An occasional glass of wine with dinner is relatively innocuous and should have no ill effect on you.
innovation
N. /发明；变革/change; introduction of something new. Although Richard liked to keep up with all the latest techno?logical innovations, he didn’t always abandon tried and true techniques in favor of something new. innovate,V.
innovative
ADJ. /新奇的；创新的/novel; introducing a change. The estab?lishment of our SAT I computer data base has enabled us to come up with some innovative tactics for doing well on the SAT.
innuendo
N. /暗示，旁侧敲击；暗讽；讽刺，冷嘲热讽/hint; insinuation. I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me.
inopportune
ADJ. /不合时宜的/untimely; poorly chosen. A rock concert is an inopportune setting for a quiet conversation.
inordinate
ADJ. /紊乱的；不受限制的/unrestrained; excessive. She had an inor?dinate fondness for candy, eating two or three boxes in a single day.
inquisitor
N. /调查者；盘问者/questioner (especially harsh); investigator. Fearing being grilled ruthlessly by the secret police, Masha faced her inquisitors with trepidation.
insalubrious
ADJ. /有害的/unwholesome; not healthful. The mos?quito-ridden swamp was an insalubrious place, a breeding ground for malarial contagion.
insatiable
ADJ. /不容易伺候的；贪婪的/not easily satisfied; unquenchable; greedy. David’s appetite for oysters was insatiable: he could easily eat four dozen at a single sitting.
inscrutable
ADJ. /不可渗透的；不可理解的，谜/impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious. Experienced poker players try to keep their expressions inscrutable, hiding their reactions to the cards behind a so-called “poker face.”
insensible
ADJ. /迟钝的；硬心肠的/unconscious; unresponsive. Sherry and I are very different; at times when I would be covered with embarrassment, she seems insensible to shame.
insidious
ADJ. /阴险的，奸诈的，狡猾的；鬼鬼祟祟的/treacherous; stealthy; sly. The fifth column is insidious because it works secretly within our territory for our defeat.
insightful
ADJ. /有洞察力的/discerning; perceptive. Sol thought he was very insightful about human behavior, but he was actually clueless as to why people acted the way they did.
insinuate
V. /暗示，含沙射影；慢慢的夺取，巧妙的迂回（进入）/hint; imply; creep in. When you said I looked robust, did you mean to insinuate that I’m getting fat?
insipid
ADJ. /索然无味的；单调的/lacking in flavor; dull. Flat prose and flat gin?ger ale are equally insipid: both lack sparkle.
insolence
N. /傲慢/impudent disrespect; haughtiness. How dare you treat me so rudely! The manager will hear of your inso?lence. insolent,ADJ.
insolvent
ADJ. /破产/bankrupt; unable to repay one’s debts. Although young Lord Widgeon was insolvent, he had no fear of being thrown into debtors’ prison, for he was sure that if his creditors pressed him for payment his wealthy parents would repay what he owed. insolvency, N.
insomnia
N. /失眠/wakefulness; inability to sleep. He refused to join us in a midnight cup of coffee because he claimed it gave him insomnia.
instigate
V. /驱使；激励，鼓动/urge; start; provoke. Rumors of police corrup?tion led the mayor to instigate an investigation into the department’s activities.
insubordination
N. /反抗，不屈/disobedience; rebelliousness. At the slightest hint of insubordination from the sailors of the Bounty, Captain Bligh had them flogged; finally, they mutinied.
insubstantial
ADJ. /无实体的，虚无的；脆弱的，不坚固的/lacking substance; insignificant; frail. His hopes for a career in acting proved insubstantial; no one would cast him, even in an insubstantial role.
insularity
N. /与外界隔绝；僵化；思想狭窄/narrow-mindedness; isolation. The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign. insular,ADJ.
insulated
ADJ. /分离；隔离/set apart; isolated. A well-to-do bachelor, James spent his money freely, insulated from the cares of his friends, who had families to support.
insuperable
ADJ. /不可战胜的，不能克服的/insurmountable; unbeatable. Though the odds against their survival seemed insuperable, the Apollo 13 astronauts reached earth safely.
insurgent
ADJ. /造反的，起义的/rebellious. Because the insurgent forces had occupied the capital and had gained control of the rail?way lines, several of the war correspondents covering the uprising predicted a rebel victory.
insurmountable
ADJ. /不能克服的，不能超越的/overwhelming; unbeatable; insupera?ble. Faced by almost insurmountable obstacles, the mem?bers of the underground maintained their courage and will to resist.
insurrection
N. /谋反的，造反的/rebellion; uprising. In retrospect, given how badly the British treated the American colonists, the even?tual insurrection seems inevitable.
intangible
ADJ. /难以明了的，无形的；暧昧的，模糊的/not able to be perceived by touch; vague. Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post were mea?ger, Lewis was drawn to it by its intangible rewards: pres-tige, intellectual freedom, the fellowship of his peers.
integral
ADJ. /一体的，完整的/complete; necessary for completeness. Phys?ical education is an integral part of our curriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary.
integrate
V. /整合，合并/make whole; combine; make into one unit. She tried to integrate all their activities into one program.
integrity
N. /完整性/uprightness; wholeness. Lincoln, whose per?sonal integrity has inspired millions, fought a civil war to maintain the integrity of the Republic, that these United States might remain undivided for all time.
intellect
N. /智力/higher mental powers. He thought college would develop his intellect.
intelligentsia
N. /知识分子；知识界/the intelligent and educated classes [often used derogatorily]. She preferred discussions about sports and politics to the literary conversations of the intelligentsia.
intemperate
ADJ. /过度的；极端的；放纵的/immoderate; excessive; extreme. In a temper, Tony refused to tone down his intemperate remarks.
inter
V. /埋/bury. They are going to inter the body tomorrow at Broadlawn Cemetery.
interim
N. /临时的；间歇的/meantime. The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past.
interloper
N. /闯入者；干涉者/intruder; unwanted meddler. The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade.
interment
N. /埋葬/burial. Interment will take place in the church cemetery at 2 P.M. Wednesday.
interminable
ADJ. /无尽的/endless. Although his speech lasted for only twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience.
intermittent
ADJ. /间歇的；断断续续的/periodic; on and off. The outdoor wed?ding reception had to be moved indoors to avoid the inter?mittent showers that fell on and off all afternoon.
interrogate
V. /审问；讯问/question closely; cross-examine. Knowing that the Nazis would interrogate him about his background, the secret agent invented a cover story that would help him meet their questions.
intervene
V. /干预；干涉/come between. When two close friends get into a fight, be careful if you try to intervene; they may join forces to gang up on you.
intimacy
N. /亲密；隐私/closeness, often affectionate; privacy; familiar?ity. In a moment of rare intimacy, the mayor allowed the reporters a glimpse of his personal feelings about his fam?ily. intimate,ADJ.
intimate
V. /私下的，秘密的，亲密的；宣告/hint; suggest. Was Dick intimating that Jane had bad breath when he asked if she’d like a breath mint?
intimidate
V. /使害怕/frighten. I’ll learn karate and then those big bullies won’t be able to intimidate me any more.
intractable
ADJ. /难以处理的/unruly; stubborn; unyielding. Charlie Brown’s friend Pigpen was intractable: he absolutely refused to take a bath.
intransigence
N. /不妥协；不让步/refusal of any compromise; stubborn?ness. The negotiating team had not expected such intransi?gence from the striking workers, who rejected any hint of a compromise. intransigent,ADJ.
intrepid
ADJ. /无畏的/fearless. For her intrepid conduct nursing the wounded during the war, Florence Nightingale was honored by Queen Victoria.
intricate
ADJ. /复杂的；错综的/complex; knotty; tangled. Philip spent many hours designing mazes so intricate that none of his class?mates could solve them. intricacy, N.
intrinsic
ADJ. /内在的；固有的/essential; inherent; built-in. Although my grandmother’s china has little intrinsic value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes.
introspective
ADJ. /内省的；反省的/looking within oneself. Though young Francis of Assisi led a wild and worldly life, even then he had introspective moments during which he examined his soul. introvert N. one who is introspective; inclined to think more about oneself. In his poetry, he reveals that he is an intro?vert by his intense interest in his own problems. alsoV.
intrude
V. /强挤入，侵入；强加于人/trespass; enter as an uninvited person. She hes?itated to intrude on their conversation.
intuition
N. /直觉/immediate insight; power of knowing without reasoning. Even though Tony denied that anything was wrong, Tina trusted her intuition that something was bother?ing him. intuitive,ADJ.
inundate
V. /淹没；吞并/overwhelm; flood; submerge. This semester I am inundated with work: You should see the piles of paper?work flooding my desk. Until the great dam was built, the waters of the Nile used to inundate the river valley like clockwork every year.
inured
ADJ. /习惯了的，适应了的/accustomed; hardened. She became inured to the Alaskan cold.
invalidate
V. /摧毁；使无效；弱化/weaken; destroy. The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.
invasive
ADJ. /入侵的/tending to spread aggressively; intrusive. Giving up our war with the invasive blackberry vines that had taken over the back yard, we covered the lawn with concrete. invade,V.
invective
N. /谩骂；非难；恶言相加/abuse. He had expected criticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal. inveigh,V.
inverse
ADJ. /倒转的/opposite. There is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance.
invert
V. /倒转，翻转/turn upside down or inside out. When he inverted his body in a handstand, he felt the blood rush to his head. inveterate ADJ. deep-rooted; habitual. An inveterate smoker, Bob cannot seem to break the habit, no matter how hard he tries.
invidious
ADJ. /易招嫉妒的；不公平的/designed to create ill will or envy. We disre?garded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.
invigorate
V. /激发；鼓舞/energize; stimulate. A quick dip in the pool invigorated Meg, and with renewed energy she got back to work.
invincible
ADJ. /无敌的/unconquerable. Superman is invincible.
inviolable
ADJ. /无敌的；神圣不可亵渎的/secure from corruption, attack, or violation; unassailable. Batman considered his oath to keep the peo?ple of Gotham City inviolable: nothing on earth could make him break this promise.
invocation
N. /祈祷/prayer for help; calling upon as a reference or support. The service of Morning Prayer opens with an invocation during which we ask God to hear our prayers.
invoke
V. /恳请，借助于，找来，调用/call upon; ask for. She invoked her advisor’s aid in filling out her financial aid forms.
invulnerable
ADJ. /无懈可击的/incapable of injury. Achilles was invul?nerable except in his heel.
iota
N. /极少量的/very small quantity. She hadn’t an iota of common sense.
irascible
ADJ. /易怒的；暴躁的/irritable; easily angered. Miss Minchin’s iras?cible temper intimidated the younger schoolgirls, who feared she’d burst into a rage at any moment.
irate
ADJ. /愤怒的；生气的/angry. When John’s mother found out he had overdrawn his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate she could scarcely speak to him.
ire
N. /怒气/anger. The waiter tried unsuccessfully to placate the ire of the diner who had found a cockroach in her soup.
iridescent
ADJ. /虹彩的/exhibiting rainbowlike colors. She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.
irksome
ADJ. /令人厌恶的；冗长乏味的/annoying; tedious. He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform. irk,V.
ironic
ADJ. /讽刺性的/resulting in an unexpected and contrary out?come. It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it.
irony
N. /反话；讽刺/hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of what they actually mean. Gradually his listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he was lavishing on his opponent was actually irony, he was in fact ridiculing the poor fool.
irrational
ADJ. /无理的，缺乏逻辑的；不理智的/illogical; lacking reason; insane. Many peo?ple have such an irrational fear of snakes that they panic at the sight of a harmless garter snake.
irreconcilable
ADJ. /不相容的；矛盾的/incompatible; not able to be resolved. Because the separated couple were irreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce.
irrefutable
ADJ. /不可否认的；不能驳倒的/indisputable; incontrovertible; undeniable. No matter how hard I tried to find a good comeback for her argument, I couldn’t think of one: her logic was irrefutable.
irrelevant
ADJ. /不相关的，不照号的/not applicable; unrelated. No matter how irrelevant the patient’s mumblings may seem, they give us some indications of what he has on his mind.
irremediable
ADJ. /不能挽回的；不能治愈的/incurable; uncorrectable. The error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it.
irreparable
ADJ. /不能弥补的，不能修复的；无可挽救的/not able to be corrected or repaired. Your apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation.
irrepressible
ADJ. /压不住的，抑制不住的/unable to be restrained or held back. My friend Kitty’s curiosity was irrepressible: she poked her nose into everybody’s business and just laughed when I warned her that curiosity killed the cat.
irreproachable
ADJ. /无可指责的；没有缺点的/blameless; impeccable. Homer’s con?duct at the office party was irreproachable; even Marge didn’t have anything bad to say about how he behaved.
irresolute
ADJ. /犹豫不决的/uncertain how to act; weak. Once you have made your decision, don’t waver; a leader should never appear irresolute.
irretrievable
ADJ. /不能复原的；不能挽回的/impossible to recover or regain; irrepara?ble. The left fielder tried to retrieve the ball, but it flew over the fence, bounced off a wall, and fell into the sewer: it was irretrievable.
irreverence
N. /不尊敬的/lack of proper respect. Some audience members were amused by the irreverence of the come?dian’s jokes about the Pope; others felt offended by his lack of respect for their faith. irreverent,ADJ.
irrevocable
ADJ. /不能取消的；不能变更的/unalterable; irreversible. As Sue dropped the “Dear John” letter into the mailbox, she suddenly had second thoughts and wanted to take it back, but she could not: her action was irrevocable.
itinerant
ADJ. /巡回的/wandering; traveling. He was an itinerant peddler and traveled through Pennsylvania and Virginia selling his wares. also N.
itinerary
N. /旅行计划；路线/plan of a trip. Disliking sudden changes in plans when she traveled abroad, Ethel refused to make any alterations in her itinerary.
jabber
V. /快速的说，含混不清的说/chatter rapidly or unintelligibly. Why does the fel?low insist on jabbering away in French when I can’t under?stand a word he says?
jaded
ADJ. /疲倦的/fatigued; surfeited. He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite.
jargon
N. /黑话，行话，胡话/language used by a special group; technical ter?minology; gibberish. The computer salesmen at the store used a jargon of their own that we simply couldn’t follow; we had no idea what they were jabbering about.
jaundiced
ADJ. /患黄疸病的；有偏见的/prejudiced (envious, hostile or resentful); yellowed. Because Sue disliked Carolyn, she looked at Car?olyn’s paintings with a jaundiced eye, calling them formless smears. Newborn infants afflicted with jaundice look slightly yellow: they have jaundiced skin.
jaunt
N. /短途旅行/trip; short journey. He took a quick jaunt to Atlantic City.
jaunty
ADJ. /无忧无虑的，快乐的，轻松的/lighthearted; animated; easy and carefree. In An American in Paris, Gene Kelly sang and danced his way through “Singing in the Rain” in a properly jaunty style.
jeopardize
V. /置于危险之中/endanger; imperil; put at risk. You can’t give me a D in chemistry: you’ll jeopardize my chances of get?ting into M.I.T. jeopardy, N.
jettison
V. /投弃货物/throw overboard. In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo.
jingoist
N. /狂热好战分子；侵略主义者/extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike chauvinist. Always bellowing “America first!,” the congressman was such a jingoist you could almost hear the sabers rattling as he marched down the halls. jingoism, N.
jocose
ADJ. /诙谐的/given to joking. The salesman was so jocose that many of his customers suggested that he become a .,stand-up” comic.
jocular
ADJ. /诙谐的/said or done in jest. Although Bill knew the boss hated jokes, he couldn’t resist making one jocular remark.
jollity
N. /高兴的；欢乐的/gaiety; cheerfulness. The festive Christmas dinner was a merry one, and old and young alike joined in the gen?eral jollity.
jostle
V. /推，挤；撞/shove; bump. In the subway he was jostled by the crowds.
jovial
ADJ. /天性善良的；好的；高兴的，愉快的/good-natured; merry. A frown seemed out of place on his invariably jovial face.
jubilation
N. /庆祝/rejoicing. There was great jubilation when the armistice was announced. jubilant,ADJ.
judicious
ADJ. /公平的/sound in judgment; wise. At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth.
juncture
N. /危机，转折点；关键点/crisis; joining point. At this critical juncture, let us think carefully before determining the course we shall follow.
junta
N. /小集团；政治团伙/group of men joined in political intrigue; cabal. As soon as he learned of its existence, the dictator ordered the execution of all of the members of the junta.
jurisprudence
N. /法学/science of law. He was more a student of jurisprudence than a practitioner of the law.
justification
N. /有理，正当；辩护；释罪/good or just reason; defense; excuse. The jury found him guilty of the more serious charge because they could see no possible justification for his actions,
kaleidoscope
N. /万花筒/tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of colored pieces of glass, etc., pro?duce interesting symmetrical effects. People found a new source of entertainment while peering through the kaleido?scope; they found the ever-changing patterns fascinating.
kernel
N. /核心的/central or vital part; whole seed (as of corn). “Watson, buried within this tissue of lies there is a kernel of truth; when I find it, the mystery will be solved.”
killjoy
N. /扫兴的人；煞风景/grouch; spoilsport. At breakfast we had all been enjoying our bacon and eggs until that killjoy John started talking about how bad animal fats were for our health.
kindle
V. /点燃，照亮，激起/start a fire; inspire. One of the first things Ben learned in the Boy Scouts was how to kindle a fire by rub?bing two dry sticks together. Her teacher’s praise for her poetry kindled a spark of hope inside Maya.
kindred
ADJ. /同族的，同类的；血缘的/related; belonging to the same family. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two kindred spirits. also N.
kinetic
ADJ. /运动的；运动学的/producing motion. Designers of the electric automobile find that their greatest obstacle lies in the devel?opment of light and efficient storage batteries, the source of the kinetic energy needed to propel the vehicle.
kleptomaniac
N. /偷窃狂；盗窃癖/person who has a compulsive desire to steal. They discovered that the wealthy customer was a klep?tomaniac when they caught her stealing some cheap trinkets.
knave
N. /流氓；无赖；恶棍/untrustworthy person; rogue; scoundrel. Any politician nicknamed Tricky Dick clearly has the reputation of a knave. knavery, N.
knit
V. /编织；结合/contract into wrinkles; grow together. Whenever David worries, his brow knits in a frown. When he broke his leg, he sat around the house all day waiting for the bones to knit.
knoll
N. /小山包/little round hill. Robert Louis Stevenson’s grave is on a knoll in Samoa; to reach the grave site, you must climb uphill and walk a short distance along a marked path.
knotty
ADJ. /复杂的，错综的；精细的/intricate; difficult; tangled. What to Watson had been a knotty problem, to Sherlock Holmes was simplicity itself.
kudos
N. /名望，声誉/honor; glory; praise. The singer complacently received kudos from his entourage on his performance.
laborious
ADJ. /艰苦的，勤劳的/demanding much work or care; tedious. In putting together his dictionary of the English language, Doctor Johnson undertook a laborious task.
labyrinth
N. /迷宫/maze. Hiding from Indian Joe, Tom and Becky soon lost themselves in the labyrinth of secret underground caves. labyrinthine,ADJ.
laceration
N. /破口/torn, ragged wound. The stock car driver needed stitches to close up the lacerations he received in the car crash.
lachrymose
ADJ. /爱哭的/producing tears. His voice has a lachry?mose quality more appropriate to a funeral than a class reunion.
lackadaisical
ADJ. /懒洋洋的，没上进心的/lacking purpose or zest; halfhearted; languid. Because Gatsby had his mind more on his love life than on his finances, he did a very lackadaisical job of man?aging his money.
lackluster
ADJ. /暗淡的，无光的；单调的/dull. We were disappointed by the lacklus?ter performance.
laconic
ADJ. /简洁的/brief and to the point. Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types: strong men of few words.
laggard
ADJ. /缓慢的，迟缓的/slow; sluggish. The sailor had been taught not to be laggard in carrying out orders. lag, N.,V.
lament
V. /悲伤，恸哭/grieve; express sorrow. Even advocates of the war lamented the loss of so many lives in combat. lamenta?tion, N.
lampoon
V. /讽刺的/ridicule. This article lampoons the pretensions of some movie moguls. also N.
languid
ADJ. /疲倦的，无精打采的/weary; sluggish; listless. Her siege of illness left her languid and pallid.
languish
V. /无力的，憔悴的/lose animation; lose strength. Left at Miss Minchin’s school for girls while her father went off to war, Sarah Crewe refused to languish; instead, she hid her grief and actively befriended her less fortunate classmates.
languor
N. /衰弱，萧条/lassitude; depression. His friends tried to over?come the languor into which he had fallen by taking him to parties and to the theater.
lap
V. /舔食，泼溅/take in food or drink with one’s tongue; splash gen?tly. The kitten neatly lapped up her milk. The waves softly lapped against the pier.
larceny
N. /盗窃/theft. Because of the prisoner’s record, the dis?trict attorney refused to reduce the charge from grand lar?ceny to petty larceny.
larder
N. /食品室；储藏室/pantry; place where food is kept. The first thing Bill did on returning home from school was to check what snacks his mother had in the larder.
largess
N. /赠送；赠礼/generous gift. Lady Bountiful distributed largess to the poor.
lassitude
N. /疲乏/languor; weariness. After a massage and a long soak in the hot tub, I gave in to my growing lassitude and lay down for a nap.
latent
ADJ. /潜在的/potential but undeveloped; dormant; hidden. Polaroid pictures are popular at parties, because you can see the latent photographic image gradually appear before your eyes.
lateral
ADJ. /侧面的，侧向的/coming from the side. In order to get good plant growth, the gardener must pinch off all lateral shoots.
latitude
N. /范围/freedom from narrow limitations. I think you have permitted your son too much latitude in this matter.
laud
V. /赞美/praise. The NFL lauded Boomer Esiason’s efforts to raise money to combat cystic fibrosis. laudable, lauda?tory,ADJ.
lavish
ADJ. /浪费的，大方的/liberal; wasteful. The actor’s lavish gifts pleased her. alsoV.
Iax
ADJ. /粗心/careless. We dislike restaurants where the service is lax and inattentive.
leaven
V. /发酵/cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven. As bread dough is leavened, it puffs up, expanding in volume.
lechery
N. /好色；动机不纯/lustfulness; impurity in thought and deed. In his youth he led a life of lechery and debauchery; he did not mend his ways until middle age. lecherous,ADJ.
leery
ADJ. /机敏的；狡猾的/suspicious; cautious. Don’t eat the sushi at this restaurant; I’m a bit leery about how fresh the raw fish is.
legacy
N. /遗赠/a gift made by a will. Part of my legacy from my parents is an album of family photographs.
legend
N. /图例/explanatory list of symbols on a map. The leg?end at the bottom of the map made it clear which symbols stood for rest areas along the highway and which stood for public camp sites. (secondary meaning)
legerdemain
N. /戏法；花招/sleight of hand. The magician demon?strated his renowned legerdemain.
leniency
N. /温和；宽大，仁慈/mildness; permissiveness. Considering the gravity of the offense, we were surprised by the leniency of the sentence.
lethal
ADJ. /致命的/deadly. It is unwise to leave lethal weapons where children may find them.
lethargic
ADJ. /昏睡的；瞌睡的/drowsy; dull. The stuffy room made her lethargic: she felt as if she was about to nod off.
levitate
V. /升空漂浮（魔法）/float in the air (especially by magical means). As the magician passed his hands over the recumbent body of his assistant, she appeared to rise and levitate about three feet above the table.
levity
N. /轻佻，轻浮/lack of seriousness; lightness. Stop giggling and wriggling around in the pew: such levity is improper in church.
levy
V. /征收/impose (a fine); collect (a payment). Crying “No taxation without representation,” the colonists demonstrated against England’s power to levy taxes.
lewd
ADJ. /淫荡的，下流的，好色的；猥亵的/lustful. They found his lewd stories objectionable.
lexicographer
N. /字典编纂者/compiler of a dictionary. The new dictio?nary is the work of many lexicographers who spent years compiling and editing the work.
lexicon
N. /字典/dictionary. I cannot find this word in any lexicon in the library.
liability
N. /责任；缺点；债/drawback; debts. Her lack of an extensive vocab?ulary was a liability that she was eventually able to overcome.
liaison
N. /联络；连音/contact keeping parts of an organization in com?munication; go-between; secret love affair. As the liaison between the American and British forces during World War II, the colonel had to ease tensions between the leaders of the two armies. Romeo’s romantic liaison with Juliet ended in tragedy.
libel
N. /诽谤；中伤/defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person’s character. If Batman wrote that the Joker was a dirty, ‘rotten, mass-murdering criminal, could the Joker sue Batman for libel?
liberator
N. /解放者/one who sets free. Simon Bolivar, who led the South American colonies in their rebellion against Spanish rule, is known as the great liberator. liberate,V.
libretto
N. /歌词，剧本（舞剧，歌剧的）/text of an opera. The composer of an opera’s music is remembered more frequently than the author of its libretto.
licentious
ADJ. /不道德的；下流的；放纵的/amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained. Unscrupulously seducing the daughter of his host, Don Juan felt no qualms about the immorality of his licentious behavior.
lilliputian
ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. Tiny and delicate, the model was built on a lilliputian scale. also N.
limber
ADJ. /柔韧的；可塑的/flexible. Hours of ballet classes kept him limber.
limerick
N. /五行打油诗/humorous short verse. The limerick form is the best; its meter is pure anapest. A limerick’s fun for most everyone, and the word may occur on your test.
limpid
ADJ. /清澈/clear. A limpid stream ran through his property.
linchpin
N. /关键/something that holds or links various parts together. The linchpin in the district attorney’s case was a photograph showing the defendant shaking hands with the hired killer.
lineage
N. /血统/descent; ancestry. He traced his lineage back to Mayflower days.
linger
V. /逗留；闲逛；流连/loiter or dawdle; continue or persist. Hoping to see Juliet pass by, Romeo lingered outside the Capulet house for hours. Though Mother made stuffed cabbage on Monday, the smell lingered around the house for days.
linguistic
ADJ. /语言的/pertaining to language. The modern tourist will encounter very little linguistic difficulty as English has become an almost universal language.
liniment
N. /药膏；擦油/ointment; lotion; salve. The trainer carefully applied the liniment to the quarterback’s bruise, gently rub?bing it into the skin.
lionize
V. /奉为名人；游览名胜/treat as a celebrity. She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public.
liquidate
V. /清算/settle accounts; clearup. He was able to liqui?date all his debts in a short period of time.
list
V. /倾斜/tilt; lean over. That flagpole should be absolutely vertical; instead, it lists to one side. (secondary meaning)
listless
ADJ. /倦怠的，冷漠的/lacking in spirit or energy. We had expected him to be full of enthusiasm and were surprised by his list?less attitude.
litany
N. /连续虔诚的祈祷/supplicatory prayer. On this solemn day, the con?gregation responded to the prayers of the priest during the litany with fervor and intensity.
lithe
ADJ. /柔软的/flexible; supple. Her figure was lithe and willowy.
litigation
N. /诉讼/lawsuit. Try to settle this amicably; I do not want to become involved in litigation. litigant, N.
livid
ADJ. /铅灰色的；青一块紫一块的；暴怒的/lead-colored; black and blue; enraged. His face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an attack of apoplexy.
loath
ADJ. /不情愿的；勉强/reluctant; disinclined. Romeo and Juliet were both loath for him to go.
loathe
V. /厌恶；增武/detest. Booing and hissing, the audience showed how much they loathed the wicked villain.
lofty
ADJ. /高高在上的/very high. Though Barbara Jordan’s fellow stu?dents used to tease her about her lofty ambitions, she rose to hold one of the highest positions in the land.
log
N. /日志；圆木/record of a voyage or flight; record of day to day activities. “Flogged two seamen today for insubordination” wrote Captain Bligh in the Bounty’s log. To see how much work I’ve accomplished recently, just take a look at the number of new files listed on my computer log.
loiter
V. /闲逛；徘徊/hang around; linger. The policeman told him not to loiter in the alley.
loll
V. /懒洋洋的坐或靠/lounge about. They lolled around in their chairs watching television.
longevity
N. /长命不老/long life. When he reached ninety, the old man was proud of his longevity.
loom
V. /织布机/appear or take shape (usually in an enlarged or distorted form). The shadow of the gallows loomed threat?eningly above the small boy.
lope
V. /慢跑/gallop slowly. As the horses loped along, we had an opportunity to admire the ever-changing scenery. loquacious ADJ. talkative. Though our daughter barely says a word to us these days, put a phone in her hand and see how loquacious she can be: our phone bills are out of sight! loquacity, N.
lout
N. /笨人，呆子/clumsy person. That awkward lout dropped my priceless vase!
low
V. /牛叫，哞/moo. From the hilltop, they could see the herd like ants in the distance; they could barely hear the cattle low.
lucid
ADJ. /明晰的；聪明的/easily understood; clear; intelligible. Ellen makes an excellent teacher: her explanations of technical points are lucid enough for a child to grasp.
lucrative
ADJ. /有利润的/profitable. He turned his hobby into a lucra?tive profession.
ludicrous
ADJ. /可笑的，滑稽的；不重要的/laughable; trifling. Let us be serious; this is not a ludicrous issue.
lugubrious
ADJ. /悲哀的/mournful. The lugubrious howling of the dogs added to our sadness.
lull
N. /平静，安静，暂停，短暂的平息/moment of calm. Not wanting to get wet, they waited under the awning for a lull in the rain.
lull
V. /安抚，平静；换取信任，使其失去警惕/soothe; cause one to relax one’s guard; subside. The mother’s gentle song lulled the child to sleep. Malcolm tried to come up with a plausible story to lull his mother’s suspicions, but she didn’t believe a word he said.
lumber
V. /笨重的往前走/move heavily or clumsily. Still somewhat torpid after its long hibernation, the bear lumbered through the woods.
luminary
N. /名气，尊严/celebrity; dignitary. A leading light of the American stage, Ethel Barrymore was a theatrical luminary whose name lives on.
luminous
ADJ. /发光的，闪耀的/shining; issuing light. The sun is a luminous body.
lummox
N. /大而笨重的（通常指人）/big, clumsy, often stupid person. Because he was highly overweight and looked ungainly, John Candy often was cast as a slow-witted lummox.
lunar
ADJ. /月亮的/pertaining to the moon. Lunar craters can plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope.
lunge
V. /突进，刺，冲/quick forward dive or reach; thrust. The wide receiver lunged forward to grab the football. With his sword, Dartagnan lunged at his adversary.
lurid
ADJ. /耸人听闻的；可怕的；惨白的；血红的/wild; sensational; graphic; gruesome. Do the lurid cover stories in the Enquirer actually attract people to buy that trashy tabloid?
lurk
V. /埋伏/stealthily lie in waiting; slink; exist unperceived. “Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows.”
luscious
ADJ. /美味的，甜美的/pleasing to taste or smell. The ripe peach was luscious.
luster
N. /光泽；光彩/shine; gloss. The soft luster of the silk in the dim light was pleasing.
lustrous
ADJ. /闪耀的/shining. Her large and lustrous eyes lent a touch of beauty to an otherwise plain face.
luxuriant
ADJ. /丰富的，富足的；丰富多彩；肥沃的/abundant; rich and splendid; fertile. Lady Godiva was completely covered by her luxuriant hair.
machinations
N. /阴谋，诡计/evil schemes or plots. Fortunately, Bat?man saw through the wily machinations of the Riddler and saved Gotham City from destruction by the forces of evil.
madrigal
N. /小曲；牧歌/pastoral song. His program of folk songs included several madrigals which he sang to the accompa?niment of a lute.
maelstrom
N. /漩涡/whirlpool. The canoe was tossed about in the maelstrom.
magnanimous
ADJ. /宽宏大量的/generous; great-hearted. Philan?thropists by definition are magnanimous; misers, by defini?tion, are not. Cordelia was too magnanimous to resent her father’s unkindness to her; instead, she generously forgave him. magnanimity, N.
magnate
N. /富豪，要人；突出的人物，XX大王/person of prominence or influence. Growing up in Pittsburgh, Annie Dillard was surrounded by the man?sions of the great steel and coal magnates who set their mark on that city.
magnitude
N. /巨大的，大数量级的/ greatness; extent. It is difficult to compre?hend the magnitude of his crime.
maim
V. /伤害/mutilate; injure. The hospital could not take care of all who had been wounded or maimed in the railroad accident.
maladroit
ADJ. /搞砸的；笨拙的/clumsy; bungling. How maladroit it was of me to mention seeing you out partying last night! From the look on his face, I take it that your boyfriend thought you were otherwise occupied.
malady
N. /疾病/illness. A mysterious malady swept the coun?try, filling doctors’ offices with feverish, purple-spotted patients.
malaise
N. /不适，欠佳/uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health. Feeling slightly queasy before going onstage, Carol realized that this touch of malaise was merely stage fright.
malapropism
N. /可笑的用词错误/comic misuse of a word. When Mrs. Mala?prop accuses Lydia of being “as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile,” she confuses “allegory” and “alli?gator” in a typical malapropism.
malcontent
N. /不满的；不满现状的/person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs. One of the few malcontents in Congress, he con?stantly voiced his objections to the presidential program. alsoADJ.
malediction
N. /诅咒/curse. When the magic mirror revealed that Snow White was still alive, the wicked queen cried out in rage and uttered dreadful maledictions.
malefactor
N. /犯罪分子/evildoer; criminal. Mighty Mouse will save the day, hunting down malefactors and rescuing innocent mice from peril.
malevolent
ADJ. /坏心肠的/wishing evil. lago is a malevolent villain who takes pleasure in ruining Othello.
malfeasance
N. /渎职；不法行为/wrongdoing. The authorities did not dis?cover the campaign manager’s malfeasance until after he had spent most of the money he had embezzled.
malicious
ADJ. /恶毒的/hateful; spiteful. Jealous of Cinderella’s beauty, her malicious stepsisters expressed their spite by forcing her to do menial tasks. malice, N.
malign
V. /毒辣的言语；诽谤/speak evil of; bad-mouth; defame. Putting her hands over her ears, Rose refused to listen to Betty malign her friend Susan.
malignant
ADJ. /恶性的，伤害的；致命的/injurious; tending to cause death; aggres?sively malevolent. Though many tumors are benign, some are malignant, growing out of control and endangering the life of the patient.
malingerer
N. /装病的人；假病号/one who feigns illness to escape duty. The captain ordered the sergeant to punish all malingerers and force them to work. malinger,V.
malleable
ADJ. /有延展性的；可锻的/capable of being shaped by pounding; impressionable. Gold is a malleable metal, easily shaped into bracelets and rings. Fagin hoped Oliver was a mal?leable lad, easily shaped into a thief.
malodorous
ADJ. /恶臭的/foul-smelling. The compost heap was most malodorous in summer.
mammal
N. /哺乳动物/a vertebrate animal whose female suckles its young. Many people regard the whale as a fish and do not realize that it is a mammal.
mammoth
ADJ. /巨大的/gigantic; enormous. To try to memorize every word on this vocabulary list would be a mammoth undertak?ing; take on projects that are more manageable in size.
mandate
N. /委任；命令/order; charge. In his inaugural address, the president stated that he had a mandate from the people to seek an end to social evils such as poverty. alsoV.
mandatory
ADJ. /强制的，命令的；义不容辞的/obligatory. These instructions are manda?tory, any violation will be severely punished.
maniacal
ADJ. /疯狂的；无理智的/raging mad; insane. Though Mr. Rochester had locked his mad wife in the attic, he could still hear her maniacal laughter echoing throughout the house.
manifest
ADJ. /明白的，显然的；证明，表现/evident; visible; obvious. Digby’s embar?rassment when he met Madonna was manifest: his ears turned bright pink, he kept scuffing one shoe in the dirt, and he couldn’t look her in the eye.
manifesto
N. /声明/declaration; statement of policy. The Com?munist Manifesto by Marx and Engels proclaimed the prin?ciples of modern communism.
manipulate
v, /操作/operate with one’s hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully. Jim Henson understood how to manipulate the Muppets. Madonna understands how to manipulate men (and publicity).
mannered
ADJ. /做作的，矫饰的/affected; not natural. Attempting to copy the style of his wealthy neighbors, Gatsby adopted a man?nered, artificial way of speech.
marital
ADJ. /婚姻的/pertaining to marriage. After the publication of his book on marital affairs, he was often consulted by mar?ried people on the verge of divorce.
maritime
ADJ. /海事的，海运的，海上的/bordering on the sea; nautical. The Maritime Provinces depend on the sea for their wealth.
marked
ADJ. /值得注意的；报仇的目标/noticeable or pronounced; targeted for vengeance. He walked with a marked limp, a souvenir of an old I.R.A. attack. As British ambassador, he knew he was a marked man, for he knew the Irish Republican Army wanted him dead.
marquee
N. /建筑物入口处的雨棚，遮蔽物/canopy above an entrance, under which one can take shelter; rooflike shelter above a theater entrance. On stormy days, the hotel doorman keeps dry by standing directly beneath the marquee. The title of Arthur Kopit’s play Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Momma’s Hung You in the Closet and I’m Feeling So Sad was too long to fit on the marquee.
marred
ADJ. /受损的/damaged; disfigured. She had to refinish the marred surface of the table. mar,V.
marshal
V. /排序；整理/put in order. At a debate tournament, extempo?raneous speakers have only a minute or two to marshal their thoughts before they address their audience.
marsupial
N. /有袋哺乳动物（袋鼠、袋熊、袋狼）/one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch. The most common marsupial in North America is the opossum.
martial
ADJ. /好战的；尚武的/warlike. The sound of martial music inspired the young cadet with dreams of military glory.
martinet
N. /严格纪律的人/strict disciplinarian. No talking at meals! No mingling with the servants! Miss Minchin was a martinet who insisted that the schoolgirls in her charge observe each regulation to the letter.
martyr
N./殉道者；殉教者；烈士/ one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; great sufferer. By burning her at the stake, the English made Joan of Arc a martyr for her faith. Mother played the martyr by staying home cleaning the house while the rest of the family went off to the beach.
masochist
N. /受虐狂/person who enjoys his own pain. The masochist begs, “Hit me.” The sadist smiles and says, “I won’t.”
