Barrons 3500 C Flashcards
doodle
V. /涂鸦；浪费时间/scribble or draw aimlessly; waste time. Art’s teachers scolded him when he doodled all over the margins of his papers.
dormant
ADJ. /睡着的；隐匿的/sleeping; lethargic; latent. At fifty her long?dormant ambition to write flared up once more; within a year she had completed the first of her great historical novels.
dormer
N. /天窗/window projecting from roof. In remodeling the attic into a bedroom, we decided that we needed to put in dormers to provide sufficient ventilation for the new room.
dossier
N. /档案，资料/file of documents on a subject. Ordered by J. Edgar Hoover to investigate the senator, the FBI compiled a complete dossieron him.
dote
V. /昏聩；溺爱/be excessively fond of; show signs of mental decline. Not only grandmothers bore you with stories about their brilliant grandchildren; grandfathers dote on the little rascals, too. Poor old Alf clearly doted: the senile old dotard was past it; in fact, he was in his dotage.
douse
V. /浸泡；弄湿；弄灭/plunge into water; drench; extinguish. They doused each other with hoses and water balloons.
dowdy
ADJ. /邋遢的；衣衫不整/slovenly; untidy. She tried to change her dowdy image by buying a new fashionable wardrobe.
downcast
ADJ. /沮丧/disheartened; sad. Cheerful and optimistic by nature, Beth was never downcast despite the difficulties she faced.
drab
ADJ. /迟钝的；单调的/dull; lacking color; cheerless. The Dutch woman’s drab winter coat contrasted with the distinctive, colorful native costume she wore beneath it.
draconian
ADJ. /极其严重/extremely severe. When the principal can?celed the senior prom because some seniors had been late to school that week, we thought the draconian punish?ment was far too harsh for such a minor violation of the rules.
dregs
N. /沉淀物；残渣/sediment; worthless residue. David poured the wine carefully to avoid stirring up the dregs.
drivel
N. /胡言乱语；愚蠢/nonsense; foolishness. Why do I have to spend my days listening to such idiotic drivel? Drivel is related to dribble: think of a dribbling, driveling idiot.
droll
ADJ. /滑稽可笑；离奇古怪，怪里怪气/queer and amusing. He was a popular guest because his droll anecdotes were always entertaining.
drone
N. /闲人；雄蜂/idle person; male bee. Content to let his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality nothing but a drone.
drone
V. /嗡嗡声；语气呆板的声音/talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee. On a gor?geous day, who wants to be stuck in a classroom listening to the teacher drone ?
dross
N. /渣滓，废物/waste matter; worthless impurities. Many meth?ods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the dross.
drudgery
N. /苦差事，苦工/menial work. Cinderella’s fairy godmother res?cued her from a life of drudgery.
dubious
ADJ. /可疑的/questionable; filled with doubt. Many critics of SAT I contend the test is of dubious worth. Jay claimed he could get a perfect 1600 on SAT I, but Ellen was dubi?ous: she knew he hadn’t cracked a book in three years.
ductile
ADJ. /柔软的，有韧性/malleable; flexible; pliable. Copper is an extremely ductile material: you can stretch it into the thinnest of wires, bend it, even wind it into loops.
dulcet
ADJ. /甜美的（声音）/sweet sounding. The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel.
dumbfound
V. /使人惊讶/astonish. Egbert’s perfect 1600 on his SAT I exam dumbfounded his classmates, who had always found him to be perfectly dumb.
dupe
N. /易被开涮的人/someone easily fooled. While the gullible Watson often was made a dupe by unscrupulous parties, Sherlock Holmes was far more difficult to fool. alsoV.
duplicity
N. /奸诈，狡猾；伪善；两面三刀，两面派/double-dealing; hypocrisy. When Tanya learned that Mark had been two-timing her, she was furious at his duplicity.
duration
N. /持续时间/length of time something lasts. Because she wanted the children to make a good impression on the din?ner guests, Mother promised them a treat if they’d behave for the duration of the meal.
duress
N. /（非法的）限制，关押/forcible restraint, especially unlawfully. The hostages were held under duress until the prisoners’ demands were met.
dutiful
ADJ. /恭敬的；尊重的/respectful; obedient. When Mother told Billy to kiss Great-Aunt Hattie, the boy obediently gave the old woman a dutiful peck on her cheek.
dwarf
V. /使看上去矮小/cause to seem small. The giant redwoods and high cliffs dwarfed the elegant Ahwahnee Hotel, making it appear a modest lodge rather than an imposing hostelry.
dwindle
V. /缩水；减少/shrink; reduce. The food in the life boat gradu?ally dwindled away to nothing; in the end, they ate the ship’s cook.
dynamic
ADJ. /充满活力的/energetic; vigorously active. The dynamic aerobics instructor kept her students on the run; she was a little dynamo.
earthy
ADJ. /粗糙的；未加工的/unrefined; coarse. His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience.
ebb
V. /衰退/recede; lessen. Sitting on the beach, Mrs. Dalloway watched the tide ebb: the waters receded, drawing away from her as she sat there all alone. also N.
ebullient
ADJ. /热情的，激动的/showing excitement; overflowing with enthu?siasm. Amy’s ebullient nature could not be repressed; she’ was always bubbling over with excitement. ebullience, N.
eccentric
ADJ. /古怪的，奇怪的/irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre. The comet veered dangerously close to the earth in its eccentric orbit. People came up with some eccentric ideas for deal?ing with the emergency: someone even suggested tieing a knot in the comet’s tail!
eccentricity
N. /怪僻，古怪；特性/oddity; idiosyncrasy. Some of his friends tried to account for his rudeness to strangers as the eccen?tricity of genius.
ecclesiastic
ADJ. /神职的/pertaining to the church. The minister donned his ecclesiastic garb and walked to the pulpit. also N.
eclectic
ADJ. /折衷的/composed of elements drawn from dis?parate sources. His style of interior decoration was eclec?tic: bits and pieces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. eclecticism, N.
eclipse
V. /超越；衰落；失色/darken; extinguish; surpass. The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in 1995.
ecologist
N. /生态学家/a person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment. The ecolo?gist was concerned that the new dam would upset the nat?ural balance of the creatures living in Glen Canyon.
economy
N. /俭省节约的，经济的/efficiency or conciseness in using something. Reading the epigrams of Pope, I admire the economy of his verse: in few words he conveys worlds of meaning. (sec?ondary meaning)
ecstasy
N. /全神贯注，入迷，高兴/rapture; joy; any overpowering emotion. When Allison received her long-hoped-for letter of acceptance from Harvard, she was in ecstasy. ecstatic,ADJ.
eddy
N. /漩涡/swirling current of water, air, etc. The water in the tide pool was still, except for an occasional eddy.
edict
N. /法令，号令；布告/decree (especially issued by a sovereign); official command. The emperor issued an edict decreeing that everyone should come see him model his magnificent new clothes.
edify
V. /教导；启迪，陶冶/instruct; correct morally. Although his purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused rather than enlightened.
eerie
ADJ. /怪异的/weird. In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings.
efface
V. /抹掉/rub out. The coin had been handled so many times that its date had been effaced.
effectual
ADJ. /有效的/able to produce a desired effect; valid. Medical researchers are concerned because of the devel?opment of drug-resistant strains of bacteria; many once useful antibiotics are no longer effectual in curing bacterial infections.
effervescence
N. /泡腾，沸腾；兴奋，活泼/inner excitement or exuberance; bub?bling from fermentation or carbonation. Nothing depressed Sue for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself. Soda that loses its effervescence goes flat. efferves?cent, ADJ. effervesce,V.
efficacy
N. /功效/power to produce desired effect. The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage. effica?cious,ADJ.
effigy
N. /假人（被人憎恨的，如秦桧）/dummy. The mob showed its irritation by hanging the judge in effigy.
effrontery
N. /厚颜无耻/shameless boldness. She had the effrontery to insult the guest.
effusive
ADJ. /激情澎湃的/pouring forth; gushing. Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them. effu?sion, N.
egoism
N. /自我中心，利己主义/excessive interest in one’s self; belief that one should be interested in one’s self rather than in others. His egoism prevented him from seeing the needs of his col?leagues.
egotistical
ADJ. /极度自我中心；自以为是，逞能/excessively self-centered; self-important; conceited. Typical egotistical remark: “But enough of this chit-chat about you and your little problems. Let’s talk about what’s really important: Me!”
egregious
ADJ. /及其令人痛恨的，声名狼藉；令人吃惊的/notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking. She was an egregious liar; we all knew better than to believe a word she said. Ed’s housekeeping was egregious: he let his dirty dishes pile up so long that they were stuck together with last week’s food.
egress
N. /出口/exit. Barnum’s sign “To the Egress” fooled many people who thought they were going to see an animal and instead found themselves in the street.
ejaculation
N. /迸出；惊叹/exclamation. He could not repress an ejacu?lation of surprise when he heard the news.
elaboration
N. /细节；复杂/addition of details; intricacy. Tell what hap?pened simply, without any elaboration. elaborate,V.
elated
ADJ. /过分高兴的；兴高采烈/overjoyed; in high spirits. Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her fifth Olympic gold medal. elation, N.
elegy
N. /挽歌，悲歌/poem or song expressing lamentation. On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy “Lyci?das.” elegiacal,ADJ.
elicit
V. /得出/draw out by discussion. The detectives tried to elicit where he had hidden his loot.
elixir
N. /包治百病，万能药/cure-all; something invigorating. The news of her chance to go abroad acted on her like an elixir.
ellipsis
N. /省略/omission of words from a text. Sometimes an ellipsis can lead to a dangling modifier, as in the sentence “Once dressed, you should refrigerate the potato salad.”
elliptical
ADJ. /椭圆的；有意模棱两可的/oval; ambiguous, either purposely or because key words have been left out. An elliptical billiard ball wobbles because it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear.
eloquence
N. /雄辩；修辞/expressiveness; persuasive speech. The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King’s eloquence. elo?quent,ADJ.
elucidate
V. /解释；启迪/explain; enlighten. He was called upon to elu?cidate the disputed points in his article.
elusive
ADJ. /难懂的，难捉摸的；令人困惑的/evasive; baffling; hard to grasp. Trying to pin down exactly when the contractors would be finished remodeling the house, Nancy was frustrated by their elusive replies. elude,V.
emaciated
ADJ. /瘦弱的，脆弱的/thin and wasted. His long period of starva?tion had left him emaciated.
emanate
V. /散发，发出/issue forth. A strong odor of sulphur emanated from the spring.
emancipate
V. /释放，解放/set free. At first, the attempts of the Aboli?tionists to emancipate the slaves were unpopular in New England as well as in the South.
embargo
N. /禁运/ban on commerce or other activity. As a result of the embargo, trade with the colonies was at a standstill.
embark
V. /开始旅程，开始，登机，上船，上车/commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey. In devoting herself to the study of gorillas, Dian Fossey embarked on a course of action that was to cost her her life.
embed
V. /封装，嵌入，插入/enclose; place in something. Tales of actual his?torical figures like King Alfred have become embedded in legends.
embellish
V. /装饰/adorn; ornament. The costume designer embellished the leading lady’s ball gown with yards and yards of ribbon and lace.
embezzlement
N. /偷窃，侵占/stealing. The bank teller confessed his embezzlement of the funds.
embody
V. /具体化；包含，收录/personify; make concrete; incorporate. Cheer?ing on his rival Mark McGwire’s efforts to break Roger Maris’s home run record, Sammy Sosa embodied the spirit of true sportsmanship.
embrace
V. /拥抱；接受，包含/hug; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encir?cle; include. Clasping Maid Marian in his arms, Robin Hood embraced her lovingly. In joining the outlaws in Sherwood Forest, she had openly embraced their cause.
embroider
V. /镶边，绣花；添油加醋/decorate with needlework; ornament with fancy or fictitious details. For her mother’s birthday, Beth embroidered a lovely design on a handkerchief. When asked what made her late getting home, Jo embroidered her account with tales of runaway horses and rescuing peo?ple from a ditch. embroidery, N.
embroil
V. /连累，牵连；使其混乱，麻烦缠身/throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle. He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute.
embryonic
ADJ. /胚胎的；未开发的，原始的/undeveloped; rudimentary. The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in an embry?onic state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions. emend V. correct; correct by a critic. The critic emended the book by selecting the passages which he thought most appropriate to the text.
emendation
N. /改进；修订/correction of errors; improvement. Please initial all the emendations you have made in this contract.
eminent
ADJ. /高的/high; lofty. After his appointment to this emi?nent position, he seldom had time for his former friends.
emissary
N. /代理；信使，使者/agent; messenger. The secretary of state was sent as the president’s special emissary to the conference on disarmament.
emollient
N. /缓和，安抚/soothing or softening remedy. The nurse applied an emollientto the inflamed area. alsoADJ.
empathy
N. /移情作用，心入/ability to identify with another’s feelings, ideas, etc. What made Ann such a fine counselor was her empa?thy, her ability to put herself in her client’s place and feel his emotions as if they were her own. empathize,V.
empirical
ADJ. /经验主义/based on experience. He distrusted hunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely on empirical data.
emulate
V. /仿效；抗衡/imitate; rival. In a brief essay, describe a person you admire, someone whose virtues you would like to emulate.
enamored
ADJ. /爱情的；坠入爱河的/in love. Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty.
encipher
V. /编码/encode; convert a message into code. One of Bond’s first lessons was how to encipher the messages he sent to Miss Moneypenny so that none of his other lady friends could decipher them.
enclave
N. /飞地/territory enclosed within an alien land. The Vati?can is an independent enclave in Italy.
encomium
N. /赞美之词/high praise; eulogy. Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise.
encompass
V. /包围/surround. Although we were encompassed by enemy forces, we were cheerful for we were well stocked and could withstand a siege until our allies joined us.
encroachment
N. /侵蚀；”和平演变”/gradual intrusion. The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate.
encumber
V. /拖累，负担/burden. Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips.
endearment
N. /爱慕；爱的表示/fond statement. Your gifts and endear?ments cannot make me forget your earlier insolence.
endemic
ADJ. /地方的；小范围内流行/prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country. This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of the popula?tion are at one time or another affected by it.
endorse
V. /认可，默许；支持/approve; support. Everyone waited to see which one of the rival candidates for the city council the mayor would endorse. (secondary meaning) endorsement, N.
enduring
ADJ. /持久的；不朽的/lasting; surviving. Keats believed in the enduring power of great art, which would outlast its cre?ators’ brief lives.
energize
V. /鼓舞/invigorate; make forceful and active. Rather than exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her.
enervate
V. /使变弱/weaken. She was slow to recover from her ill?ness; even a short walk to the window would enervate her.
enfranchise
V. /赋予公民权（投票权）/to admit to the rights of citizenship (espe?cially the right to vote). Although Blacks were enfranchised shortly after the Civil War, women did not receive the right to vote until 1920.
engage
V. /吸引；雇佣；答应；结合；订婚/attract; hire; pledge oneself; confront. “Your case has engaged my interest, my lord,” said Holmes. “You may engage my services.”
engaging
ADJ. /有魅力的，有吸引力的/charming; attractive. Everyone liked Nancy’s pleasant manners and engaging personality.
engender
V. /产生，导致/cause; produce. To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child.
engross
V. /独占/occupy fully. John was so engrossed in his studies that he did not hear his mother call.
enhance
V. /增加；改进/increase; improve. You can enhance your chances of being admitted to the college of your choice by learning to write well; an excellent essay can enhance any application.
enigma
N. /谜/puzzle; mystery. “What do women want?” asked Dr. Sigmund Freud. Their behavior was an enigma to him.
enigmatic
ADJ. /朦胧的；谜一样的/obscure; puzzling. Many have sought to fathom the enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa.
enmity
N. /憎恨；仇恨/ill will; hatred. At Camp David, President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that prevented the peaceful coexistence of Egypt and Israel.
ennui
N. /厌倦/boredom. The monotonous routine of hospital life induced a feeling of ennui that made him moody and irritable.
enormity
N. /巨大的，严重的，极恶劣/hugeness (in a bad sense). He did not realize the enormity of his crime until he saw what suffering he had caused.
enrapture
V. /使其狂喜/please intensely. The audience was enrap?tured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration.
ensconce
V. /安排妥当/settle comfortably. Now that their children were ensconced safely in the private school, the jet-setting parents decided to leave for Europe.
ensemble
N. /全体；歌舞团；套装/group of (supporting) players; organic unity; costume. As a dancer with the Oakland Ballet, Benjamin enjoyed being part of the ensemble. Having acted with one another for well over a decade, the cast members have developed a true sense of ensemble: They work together seamlessly. Mitzi wore a charming two-piece ensemble designed by Donna Karan.
entail
V. /要求，需要；牵涉到/require; necessitate; involve. Building a college?level vocabulary will entail some work on your part.
enterprising
ADJ. /有魄力/full of initiative. By coming up with fresh ways to market the company’s products, Mike proved him?self to be an enterprising businessman.
enthrall
V. /俘获/capture; enslave. From the moment he saw her picture, he was enthralled by her beauty.
entice
V. /吸引；引诱/lure; attract; tempt. She always tried to entice her baby brother into mischief.
entitlement
N. /权利/right to claim something; right to benefits. While Bill was entitled to use a company car while he worked for the firm, the company’s lawyers questioned his entitlement to the vehicle once he’d quit his job.
entity
N. /实体/real being. As soon as the Charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had to be consid?ered as a factor in world diplomacy.
entomology
N. /昆虫学/study of insects. Kent found entomology the most annoying part of his biology course; studying insects bugged him.
entourage
N. /随从，随行人员/group of attendants; retinue. Surrounded by the members of his entourage, the mayor hurried into city hall, shouting a brusque “No comment!” to the reporters lin?ing the steps.
entrance
V. /使其着迷；使其神志恍惚/put under a spell; carry away with emotion. Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound.
entreat
V. /恳求/plead; ask earnestly. She entreated her father to let her stay out till midnight.
entrepreneur
N. /商人，企业家，承包人/businessman; contractor. Opponents of our present tax program argue that it discourages entrepre?neurs from trying new fields of business activity.
enumerate
V. /枚举/list; mention one by one. Huck hung his head in shame as Miss Watson enumerated his many flaws.
enunciate
V. /阐明/speak distinctly. Stop mumbling! How will people understand you if you do not enunciate?
eon
N. /时代/long period of time; an age. It has taken eons for our civilization to develop.
ephemeral
ADJ. /朝生暮死，短暂，短命/short-lived; fleeting. The mayfly is an ephemeral creature: its adult life lasts little more than a day.
epic
N. /史诗；剧作/long heroic poem, or similar work of art. Kuro?sawa’s film Seven Samurai is an epic portraying the strug?gle of seven warriors to destroy a band of robbers. alsoADJ.
epicure
N. /老饕；享乐主义者/connoisseur of food and drink. Epicures fre?quent this restaurant because it features exotic wines and dishes. epicurean,ADJ.
epigram
N. /警句；讽刺民谣/witty thought or saying, usually short. Poor Richard’s epigrams made Benjamin Franklin famous.
epilogue
N. /尾声；收场白/short speech at conclusion of dramatic work. The audience was so disappointed in the play that many did not remain to hear the epilogue.
episodic
ADJ. /插曲式的/loosely connected; divided into incidents. Though he tried to follow the plot of Gravity’s Rainbow, John found the novel too episodic; he enjoyed individual pas?sages, but had trouble following the work as a whole.
epistolary
ADJ. /书信的/consisting of letters. Mark Harris’s Wake Up, Stupid! is a modern epistolary novel that uses letters, telegrams, and newspaper clippings to tell the hero’s story. The movie You’ve Got Mail tells a story using e-mail; does that make it an e-pistolary movie? epistle, N.
epitaph
N. /墓志铭，挽联/inscription in memory of a dead person. In his will, he dictated the epitaph he wanted placed on his tomb?stone.
epithet
N. /绰号/word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing. So many kings of France were named Charles that you could tell them apart only by their epithets: Charles the Wise was someone far different from Charles the Fat.
epitome
N. /典型，摘要/perfect example or embodiment. Singing “I am the very model of a modern Major-General,” in The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley proclaimed himself the epitome of an officer and a gentleman.
epoch
N. /时代/period of time. The glacial epoch lasted for thou?sands of years.
equable
ADJ. /平静的，均衡的，稳定的/tranquil; steady; uniform. After the hot sum?mers and cold winters of New England, he found the cli?mate of the West Indies equable and pleasant.
equanimity
N. /镇定/calmness of temperament; composure. Even the inevitable strains of caring for an ailing mother did not disturb Bea’s equanimity.
equestrian
N. /骑师/rider on horseback. These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. alsoADJ.
equilibrium
N. /平衡/balance. After the divorce, he needed some time to regain his equilibrium.
equine
ADJ. /似马的/resembling a horse. His long, bony face had an equine look to it.
equinox
N. /昼夜平分点，春分，秋分/period of equal days and nights; the beginning of Spring and Autumn. The vernal equinox is usually marked by heavy rainstorms.
equitable
ADJ. /公平的，公允的/fair; impartial. I am seeking an equitable solution to this dispute, one that will be fair and acceptable to both sides.
equity
N. /公平，公正/fairness; justice. Our courts guarantee equity to all.
equivocal
ADJ. /蓄意误导；含混，模棱两可/ambiguous; intentionally misleading. Rejecting the candidate’s equivocal comments on tax reform, the reporters pressed him to state clearly where he stood on the issue. equivocate,V.
equivocate
V. /撒谎；误导/lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth. The audience saw through his attempts to equivocate on the subject under discussion and ridiculed his remarks.
erode
V. /侵蚀/eat away. The limestone was eroded by the drip?ping water until only a thin shell remained. erosion, N.
erotic
ADJ. /激情的/pertaining to passionate love. The erotic pas?sages in this novel should be removed as they are merely pornographic.
erratic
ADJ. /奇怪的；不可预测的/odd; unpredictable. Investors become anxious when the stock market appears erratic.
erroneous
ADJ. /错误/mistaken; wrong. I thought my answer was correct, but it was erroneous.
erudite
ADJ. /博学的/learned; scholarly. Though his fellow students thought him erudite, Paul knew he would have to spend many years in serious study before he could consider him?self a scholar.
escapade
N. /胡闹；奇怪、出格的行为/prank; flighty conduct. The headmaster could not regard this latest escapade as a boyish joke and expelled the young man.
escapism
N. /逃避现实，纸醉金迷/avoiding reality by diverting oneself with amusements. Before you criticize her constant reading as mere escapism, note how greatly her vocabulary has improved since she began spending her days buried in books.
eschew
V. /避免/avoid. Hoping to present himself to his girlfriend as a totally reformed character, he tried to eschew all the vices, especially chewing tobacco and drinking bathtub gin.
esoteric
ADJ. /难以理解的，深奥的/hard to understand; known only to the cho?sen few. The New Yorker short stories often include esoteric allusions to obscure people and events: the implication is, if you are in the in-crowd, you’ll get the reference; if you come from Cleveland, you won’t.
espionage
N. /间谍行为/Spying. In order to maintain its power, the government developed a system of espionage that pene?trated every household.
espouse
V. /接受，支持/adopt; support. She was always ready to espouse a worthy cause.
esteem
V. /尊重；估价/respect; value. Jill esteemed Jack’s taste in music, but she deplored his taste in clothes.
estranged
ADJ. /分离的；孤立的/separated; alienated. The estranged wife sought a divorce. estrangement, N.
ethereal
ADJ. /轻的，空气的；像天堂的/light; heavenly; unusually refined. In Shake?speare’s The Tempest, the spirit Ariel is an ethereal crea?ture, too airy and unearthly for our mortal world.
ethnic
ADJ. /种族的/relating to races. Intolerance between ethnic groups is deplorable and usually is based on lack of infor?mation.
ethos
N. /社会精神特质，思潮，风气；气质/underlying character of a culture, group, etc. Seeing how tenderly ordinary Spaniards treated her small daughter made author Barbara Kingsolver aware of how greatly children were valued in the Spanish ethos.
etymology
N. /语源学/study of word parts. A knowledge of etymol?ogy can help you on many English tests: if you know what the roots and prefixes mean, you can determine the mean?ings of unfamiliar words.
eulogy
N. /颂词；赞美词/expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone’s death. Instead of delivering a spoken eulogy at Genny’s memorial service, Jeff sang a song he had written in her honor.
euphemism
N. /委婉的表达/mild expression in place of an unpleasant one. The expression “he passed away” is a euphemism for “he died.”
euphonious
ADJ. /悦耳的/pleasing in sound. Euphonious even when spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to the ear when sung. euphony. N.
euphoria
N. /非常愉快；病态的愉快，愉悦症/feeling of great happiness and well-being (sometimes exaggerated). Delighted with her SAT scores, sure that the university would accept her, Allison was filled with euphoria. euphoric,ADJ.
evanescent
ADJ. /消散的；凋零的/fleeting; vanishing. Brandon’s satisfaction in his new job was evanescent, for he immediately began to notice its many drawbacks. evanescence, N.
evasive
ADJ. /逃避的/not frank; eluding. Your evasive answers con?vinced the judge that you were withholding important evi?dence. evade,V.
evenhanded
ADJ. /公平的/impartial; fair. Do men and women receive evenhanded treatment from their teachers, or, as recent studies suggest, do teachers pay more attention to male students than to females?
evince
V. /表示/show clearly. When he tried to answer the ques?tions, he evinced his ignorance of the subject matter.
evocative
ADJ. /唤起的/tending to call up (emotions, memories). Scent can be remarkably evocative: the aroma of pipe tobacco evokes the memory of my father; a whiff of talcum powder calls up images of my daughter as a child.
ewe
N. /母羊/female sheep. The flock of sheep was made up of dozens of ewes, together with only a handful of rams.
exacerbate
V. /恶化，加剧/worsen; embitter. The latest bombing exac?erbated England’s already existing bitterness against the IRA, causing the prime minister to break off the peace talks abruptly.
exacting
ADJ. /苛刻的/extremely demanding. Cleaning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was an exacting task, one that demanded extremely meticulous care on the part of the restorers. exaction, N.
exalt
V. /晋升；赞扬/raise in rank or dignity; praise. The actor Alec Guinness was exalted to the rank of knighthood by the queen.
exasperate
V. /激怒/vex. Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks.
exceptionable
ADJ. /不可的，可反对的/objectionable. Do you find the punk rock band Green Day a highly exceptionable, thoroughly distasteful group, or do you think they are exceptionally tal?ented performers?
excerpt
N. /摘抄，摘录/selected passage (written or musical). The cin?ematic equivalent of an excerpt from a novel is a clip from a film. alsoV.
excise
V. /去除/cut away; cut out. When you excise the dead and dying limbs of a tree, you not only improve its appear?ance but also enhance its chances of bearing fruit. exci?sion. N.
exclaim
V. /呼喊，大叫/cry out suddenly. “Watson! Behind you!” Holmes exclaimed, seeing the assassin hurl himself on his friend.
excoriate
V. /责难，挖苦，批判；揭露/scold with biting harshness; strip the skin off. Seeing the holes in Bill’s new pants, his mother furiously excoriated him for ruining his good clothes. The tight, starched collar chafed and excoriated his neck, rubbing it raw.
exculpate
V. /开脱，洗脱/clear from blame. He was exculpated of the crime when the real criminal confessed.
execrable
ADJ. /非常糟糕的/very bad. The anecdote was in such exe?crable taste that it revolted the audience.
execute
V. /执行，完成/put into effect; carry out. The choreographer wanted to see how well she could execute a pirouette. (sec?ondary meaning) execution, N.
exegesis
N. /解释，注解，通译/explanation; interpretation, especially of a bib?lical text. The minister based her sermon on her exegesis of a difficult passage from the book of Job. exegetical,ADJ.
exemplary
ADJ. /出色的；典范的；（杀鸡儆猴的）例子/serving as a model; outstanding. At com?mencement the dean praised Ellen for her exemplary behavior as class president.
exemplify
V. /作为典型；具体化/serve as an example of; embody. For a gen?eration of balletgoers, Rudolf Nureyev exemplified the ideal of masculine grace.
exempt
ADJ. /被免除的/not subject to a duty, obligation. Because of his flat feet, Foster was exempt from serving in the armed forces. alsoV.
exertion
N. /努力，尽力/effort; expenditure of much physical work. The exertion spent in unscrewing the rusty bolt left her exhausted.
exhaustive
ADJ. /彻底的，完全的/thorough; comprehensive. We have made an exhaustive study of all published SAT tests and are happy to share our research with you.
exhilarating
ADJ. /爽快的，使人愉快的/invigorating and refreshing; cheering. Though some of the hikers found tramping through the snow tiring, Jeffrey found the walk on the cold, crisp day exhilarating.
exhort
V. /劝诫，忠告/urge. The evangelist exhorted all the sinners in his audience to reform. exhortation, N.
exhume
V. /出土，发掘/dig out of the ground; remove from the grave. Could evidence that might identify the serial killer have been buried with his victim? To answer this question, the police asked the authorities for permission to exhume the victim’s body.
exigency
N. /紧急情况/urgent situation. In this exigency, we must look for aid from our allies.
