Barron's GRE 800 Flashcards
All words come from Essential Words for the GRE (Barron's GRE)
abate
[əˈbeɪt]
verb
become less strong or decrease, or to make something do this :
▪ Public anger does not appear to be abating.
فروکش کردن، کاستن، تخفیف دادن، رفع نمودن، کم شدن،اب گرفتن از(فلز)، خیساندن (چرم)، (حقوق) غصب یاتصرف عدوانی، بزورتصرف کردن، کاهش، تنزل، فرونشستن
abdicate
[ˈæbdəˌket]
verb
1 to refuse to be responsible for something, be in control of something etc., when you should be or were before :
▪ The federal government has abdicated its responsibility in dealing with housing needs.
2 to give up the position of being king or queen
3 to officially give up an important government position or responsibility
▪ The city’s elected officials seem to have abdicated their power to appointed staff.
واگذار کردن، تفویض کردن، ترک گفتن، محروم کردن(ازار )، کناره گیری کردن، استعفا دادن
aberrant
[æˈberənt]
deviating from what is normal adjective not usual or normal SYN abnormal : ▪ aberrant behavior گمراه، منحرف، بیراه، نابجا، کجراه
abeyance
[əˈbeɪəns]
noun
something such as a custom, rule, or system that is in abeyance is not being used at the present time :
▪ The law is being held in abeyance until the court makes a decision about it.
(حقوق) بیتکلیفی، وقفه، تعلیق
abject
[ˈæbdʒekt]
adjective
1 the state of being extremely poor, unhappy, unsuccessful etc.
2an abject action or expression shows that you feel very ashamed :
▪ The manager was abject in his apology .
پست، فرومایه، سرافکنده، مطرود، روی برتافتن، خوار،پست کردن، کوچک کردن، تحقیرکردن
abjure
[əbˈdʒʊər]
1 to renounce, repudiate, or retract, especially with formal solemnity; recant:
to abjure one’s errors.
2.to renounce or give up under oath; forswear:
to abjure allegiance.
3.to avoid or shunHe’s been forced to abjure his most important achievement as governor, his healthcare plan.
▪ He’s been forced to abjure his most important achievement as governor, his healthcare plan.
سوگند شکستن، نقض عهد کردن، برای همیشه ترک گفتن، مرتد شدن، رافضی شدن
abscission
[æbˈsɪʒən]
the act of cutting; the natural separation of a leaf or other part of a plant
ریزش، برش، قطع، جدایی، دریدگی، قطع پوست و گوشت
abscond
[əbˈskɑːnd]
to depart in a sudden and secret manner, especially to avoid capture and legal prosecution:
▪ The cashier absconded with the money.
▪ I wondered what upon earth had become of him, but felt certain he was too true a friend to abscond with my half of the shirt.
گریختن، فرار کردن، دررفتن، رونشان ندادن، روپنهان کردن، پنهان شدن
abstemious
[əbˈstiːmiəs]
1sparing or moderate in eating and drinking; temperate in diet.
2.characterized by abstinence:
▪ an abstemious life.
3.sparing:
an abstemious diet.
▪ He was however naturally of an abstemious and recluse disposition.
مرتاض، ممسک در خورد و نوش و لذات، مخالف استعمال مشروبات الکلی.پرهیزکار، پارسا منش
abstinence
[ˈæbstənəns]
noun
the practice of not doing something you enjoy, especially not drinking alcohol or having sex, or the length of time you do this
▪ She makes Victoria Beckham look like she took a vow of poverty and abstinence.
پرهیز، خودداری، ریاضت، پرهیز از استعمال مشروبات الکلی
abysmal
[əˈbɪzməl]
adjective
very bad SYN terrible :
▪ Living conditions were abysmal.
بسيار بد
افتضاح
accrue
[əˈkruː]
verb
1 if advantages accrue to you, or if you accrue them, you get those advantages in greater amounts over a period of time :
▪ You can accrue up to five vacation days a year.
▪ China continues to accrue influence in the world.
2 if money accrues or is accrued, it gradually increases over a period of time :
▪ Interest will accrue until payment is made.
افزوده شدن، منتج گردیدن، تعلق گرفتن
accretion
[əˈkriːʃn̩]
noun
1 technical a layer of a substance which slowly forms on something
2 a gradual process by which new things are added and something gradually changes or gets bigger
▪ The accretion of interest groups is not a uniquely American problem.
▪ The direction of polarization for a quasar is determined by the accretion disk surrounding it.
افزایش، رشد پیوسته، بهم پیوستگی، اتحاد، یک پارچگی، (حقوق) افزایش بهای اموال، افزایش میزان ار
adamant
ˈædəmənt]
adjective
determined not to change your opinion, decision etc.
about
▪ Newman is adamant about not using pesticides on his crops.
سخت
انعطاف ناپذير
adjunct
[ˈæˌdʒəŋkt]
1 something that is added or joined to something, but is not part of it
▪ Medication can be a useful adjunct to physical therapy.
2 an adverbial word or phrase that adds meaning to another part of a sentence, such as “on Sunday” in “They arrived on Sunday.”
الحاقی، افزوده، فرعی، ملازم، ضمیمه، معاون، یار،کمک، فرع، قسمت الحاقی، صفت فرعی
admonish
[ædˈmɑːnɪʃ]
verb
1 to tell someone severely to change their behavior because they have done something wrong or unacceptable 4
▪ The witness was admonished for refusing to answer the question.
2 to advise someone very strongly to do something or not to do something
▪ Companies have been admonished to write documents in language the public can understand.
نصیحت کردن، پند دادن، اگاه کردن، متنبه کردن، وعظ کردن
adulterate
[əˈdʌltəreɪt]
to debase or make impure by adding inferior materials or elements; use cheaper, inferior, or less desirable goods in the production of (any professedly genuine article):
to adulterate food.
▪ A copy in which costumes and colouring have been completely changed is but an adulterate representation.
جازن، قلابی، زن آزاده، حرامزاده، چیز تقلبی ساختن(مثل ریختن اب در شیر)
aesthetic
[esˈθetɪk]
adjective
1 relating to beauty and the study of beauty :
▪ The changes were made for purely aesthetic reasons.
2 designed in a beautiful way :
▪ factories that are aesthetic as well as functional
وابسته به زیبایی، مربوط به علم (محسنات)، ظریف طبع
affinity
[əˈfɪnəti]
noun
1 a strong feeling that you like something, or that you like and understand someone because you share the same ideas or interests
▪ Craig has a natural affinity for math.
between
▪ There was a strong affinity between the two men.
2 a close similarity or relationship between two things because of qualities or features that they both have
between
▪ There is a surprising affinity between the two religions.
with
▪ His work has affinities with recent Marxist writing.
وابستگی، پیوستگی، قوم و خویش سببی، نزدیکی
aggrandize
[əˈɡrænˌdaɪz]
1 to widen in scope; increase in size or intensity; enlarge; extend.
2.to make great or greater in power, wealth, rank, or honor.
3.to make (something) appear greater.
▪ He cares for nothing save to aggrandize his children, by fair means or foul, and this is his sole desire.
بزرگ کردن، افزودن
affected
[əˈfektəd]
adjective
not sincere or natural :
▪ I hate that stupid affected laugh of hers.
ساختگی، امیخته با ناز و تکبر، تحت تاثیر واقع شده
aggregate
[ˈæɡrəɡət]
noun
1 the total after many different parts or figures have been added together
▪ The company will spend an aggregate of $2 million on the product.
▪ The victims got back, in the aggregate (= as a group in total ) , about 75% of medical costs.
2 sand or small stones that are used in making concrete
جمع امده، متراکم، (جانور شناسی، گیاه شناسی.) بهم پیوسته، انبوه،توده، تراکم، جمع، مجموع، جمع کردن، جمع شدن، توده کردن
alchemy
[ˈælkəmi]
medieval chemical philosophy based on changing metal into gold; a seemingly magical power or process of transmutation
▪ There is a sort of alchemy of the masala in some ways, and that journey is parallel to the emotional journey he takes.
علم کیمیا، کیمیاگری، ترکیب فلزی با فلز پست تر
allay
[əˈleɪ]
1 to put (fear, doubt, suspicion, anger, etc.) to rest; calm; quiet.
2.to lessen or relieve; mitigate; alleviate:
to allay pain.
ارام کردن، از شدت چیزی کاستن
alleviate
[əˈliːviˌet]
verb
to make something less bad, painful, severe, or difficult :
▪ Heavy rains in March alleviated the drought conditions.
ارام کردن، از شدت چیزی کاستن
alloy
[ˈæˈlɔɪ]
1 a substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with a nonmetal, intimately mixed, as by fusion or electrodeposition.
2.a less costly metal mixed with a more valuable one.
3.standard; quality; fineness.
4.admixture, as of good with evil
▪ I can find no other reference with regard to this alloy mentioned by Lindeck.
allure
[əˈlʊr]
the power to entice by charm
▪ He set a goal to work as an assistant to legendary allure creative director Polly Mellen, which he achieved.
بطمع انداختن، تطمیع کردن، شیفتن
amalgamate
[əˈmælɡəˌmet]
1 to mix or merge so as to make a combination; blend; unite; combine:
▪ to amalgamate two companies.
2.Metallurgy. to mix or alloy (a metal) with mercury.
امیختن، توام کردن (ملقمه فلزات با جیوه)
ambiguous
[æmˈbɪɡjuːəs]
adjective
1 having more than one meaning, so that it is not clear which meaning is intended :
▪ an ambiguous question
2 difficult to understand, or not certain :
▪ McClane’s position in the company is ambiguous.
مبهم، (کلام) دوپهلو، چندپهلو، دارای دو یا چند معنی، گنگ
ambivalence
[æmˈbɪvələns]
uncertainty or fluctuation, especially when caused by inability to make a choice or by a simultaneous desire to say or do two opposite or conflicting things.
▪ The ambivalence is reflected in U.S. policy, which often has served to complicate aid delivery in conflict zones.
توجه ناگهانی و دلسردی ناگهانی نسبت بشخص یا چیزی، دمدمی مزاجی، دارای دو جنبه
ambrosia
[æmˈbroʊziə]
noun
1 food or drink that tastes or smells extremely good
2 the food eaten by gods in ancient Greek stories
▪ He goes on to state that the month is so called from the Lenaea, or from the ambrosia.
(افسانه) خوراک خدایان که زندگی جاوید بانها میداده، مائده بهشتی، شهد، عطر
ameliorate
[əˈmiːljəˌret]
verb
to make something better :
▪ Measures to ameliorate working conditions have had little effect.
.
بهتر کردن، اصلاح کردن، چاره کردن، بهتر شدن، بهبودی یافتن
amenable
[əˈmenəbl̩]
adjective
1 willing to listen or to do something
▪ The administration is amenable to a compromise.
2 able to be changed or used in a particular way
▪ Not all jobs are amenable to flexible scheduling.
تابع، رام شدنی، قابل جوابگویی، متمایل
amenity
əˈmenəti]
noun
something that makes a place comfortable and easier to live in :
▪ The hotel has all the standard amenities, like air conditioning and a pool.
▪ Many live in simple huts with only the most basic amenities .
سازگاری، مطبوعیت، نرمی، ملایمت
amulet
[ˈæmjələt]
a small piece of jewelry worn to protect against bad luck, disease etc.
▪ The Indian guides said at once they were the same kind of emerald as that worn by the Amazon Queens for an amulet against disease.
طلسم، دوا یا چیزی که برای شکستن جادو و طلسم بکارمیرود
anachronism
əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm]
1 someone or something that seems to belong to the
past, not the present :
▪ The mining law is simply an anachronism in this day and age.
2 something in a play, movie etc. that seems wrong because it did not exist in the period of history in which the play etc. is set
▪ She not unjustly objected to Claverhouse’s use of the word “sentimental” as an anachronism.
) بیموردی، (درتاریخ نویسی) اشتباه در ترتیب حقیقی وقایع و ظهور اشخاص، نابهنگامی
analgesic
ˌænəlˈdʒiːsɪk]
noun 1.a remedy that relieves or allays pain. adjective 2.of, relating to, or causing analgesia, or the relief of pain. دردنشان
analogous
[əˈnæləɡəs]
adjective
similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made
▪ Scharf’s findings are analogous with our own.
قیاس‌پذیر، قابل‌قیاس، هم‌سنگ، قابل‌سنجش، هم‌تراز، هم‌ارز
anarchy
[ˈænərki]
noun
1 a situation in which there is no order, and people are not obeying the rules :
▪ There was a state of near anarchy in the classroom.
2 a situation in which there is no effective government in a country :
▪ The nation is in danger of falling into anarchy .
بی قانونی، هرج و مرج، بی ترتیبی سیاسی، بی نظمی، اغتشاش، خودسری مردم
anomalous
əˈnɑːmələs]
adjective
1.deviating from or inconsistent with the common order, form, or rule; irregular; abnormal:
▪ Advanced forms of life may be anomalous in the universe.
2.not fitting into a common or familiar type, classification, or pattern; unusual:
▪ He held an anomalous position in the art world.
3.incongruous or inconsistent.
4.Grammar, irregular.
▪ The recent auction records are not as anomalous as they may appear.
غیر عادی، خارج از رسم، بیمورد، مغایر، متناقض، بی شباهت، غیر متشابه
anodyne
[ˈænoʊdaɪn]
adjective
expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone :
▪ anodyne topics of conversation
ارام کننده، تسکین دهنده، مسکن، دوای مسکن
antecedent
ˌæntəˈsiːdənt]
noun
1 an event, organization, or thing that is similar to the one you have mentioned, but that existed earlier :
▪ historical antecedents of modern youth culture
2 the people in your family who lived a long time ago SYN ancestors
3 a word, phrase, or sentence that is represented later by another word, for example a pronoun
▪ His scientists, his historians were all of the Victorian age or antecedent thereto.
پیشین، پیشی، سابق، مقدم، مقدمه، سابقه، (دستور زبان) مرجع ضمیر، دودمان، تبار
antediluvian
[ˌæntidɪˈluːviən]
adjective
1.of or belonging to the period before the Flood. Gen. 7, 8.
2.very old, old-fashioned, or out of date; antiquated; primitive:
antediluvian ideas.
noun
3.a person who lived before the Flood.
4.a very old or old-fashioned person or thing.
▪ When the antediluvian rhino lived, the world was peopled with terrible monsters, brutes of great strength and savagery.
▪ The three Miss Murgatroyds—oh, Jane, they are so antediluvian and quaint!
وابسته به پیش از طوفان، پیش از طوفان نوح، ادم کهنسال، ادم کهنه پرست
antipathy
[ænˈtɪpəθi]
noun
a feeling of strong dislike or opposition toward someone or something SYN animosity
▪ a high level of antipathy toward lawyers
احساس مخالف، ناسازگاری، انزجار
apathy
[ˈæpəθi]
noun
the feeling of not being interested or not caring, either about a particular thing or about life
▪ widespread voter apathy about the elections
بی حسی، بی عاطفگی، خون سردی، بی علاقگی
apex
[ˈeɪˌpeks]
noun
1 the top or highest part of something
2 the most successful part SYN pinnacle
▪ He reached the apex of his career before he was 40.
نوک، سر، راس زاویه، تارک
apogee
[ˈæpoʊdʒiː]
the point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited; the highest point
▪ The apogee of all this dressing came on December 23, 1908, when he formed The Mark Twain Corporation.
(هندسه) اوج، نقطه اوج، ذروه، اعلی درجه، نقطه کمال
apothegm
[ˈæpəθem]
a terse, witty saying
▪ That a style of this kind should be rich in apothegm is not surprising.
کلمات قصار، کلام موجز، امثال و حکم
appease
[əˈpiːz]
verb
to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want
▪ The resignations may be an attempt to appease his critics, protect his base, or lay the groundwork for an exit strategy.
ارام کردن، ساکت کردن، تسکین دادن، فرونشاندن، خواباندن، خشنود ساختن
appellation
[ˌæpəˈleɪʃn̩]
noun 1.a name, title, or designation. 2.appellative (def 1). 3.the act of naming. ▪ They loved to derisively call him the “genius,” as if it were an appellation that La Russa had given himself. ام، اسم، لقب، (گ.) نامگذاری، وجه تسمیه
apposite
[ˈæpəzɪt]
adjective
appropriate to what is happening or being discussed :
▪ Ms. Emerson made a few brief but apposite remarks about the incident.
درخور، مناسب، بجا، مربوط
apprise
[əˈpraɪz]
verb
to inform or tell someone about something
▪ The doctors will apprise you of your husband’s progress.
(حقوق) براورد کردن، تقویم کردن، قیمت کردن، مطلع کردن، اگاهی دادن
approbation
[ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn̩]
noun
1.approval; commendation.
2.official approval or sanction.
3.Obsolete. conclusive proof.
▪ One of the things about elites is that they only care about the approbation of the members of their own elites.
▪ There is a risk to all this approbation, of course, which is that we forget some of his failings.
تصویب، قبولی، موافقت، پسند
arabesque
ornate design featuring intertwined curves; a ballet position in which one leg is extended in back while the other supports the weight of the body
appropriate
[əˈproʊpriət]
adjective
1.suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, person, occasion, etc.:
▪ an appropriate example; an appropriate dress.
2.belonging to or peculiar to a person; proper:
▪ Each played his appropriate part.
verb (used with object), appropriated, appropriating.
3.to set apart, authorize, or legislate for some specific purpose or use:
▪ The legislature appropriated funds for the university.
4.to take to or for oneself; take possession of.
5.to take without permission or consent; seize; expropriate:
▪ He appropriated the trust funds for himself.
▪ This was appropriate because just like her jumbo soda, her twenty minute speech was filled with empty calories.
اختصاص دادن، برای خود برداشتن، ضبط کردن، درخور، مناسب، مقتضی
apropos
ˌæprəˈpoʊ]
adverb
used to introduce a new subject that is related to something just mentioned :
▪ She had nothing to say apropos of the latest developments.
بجا، بموقع، شایسته
archeology
[ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi]
the study of material evidence of past human life
▪ The father, the mother, and the children repeated their lesson in Roman archeology, which they had learned splendidly.
باستان شناسی
ardor
[ˈɑːrdər]
1 very strong admiration or excitement :
▪ the revolutionary ardor of the reformers
2 strong feelings of love
گرمی، حرارت، تب و تاب، شوق، غیرت
arduous
[ˈɑːrdʒuːəs]
adjective
involving a lot of strength and effort :
▪ an arduous trip through the mountains
دشوار، پر زحمت، پرالتهاب، صعب الصعود
argot
[ˈɑːɡoʊ]
a specialized vocabulary used by a group
▪ The inseparable Thingumy and Bob speak an argot of spoonerisms (“Nake no totice” and so on), and carry a secret ruby.
گویش عامیانه، زبان ویژه دزدان، لهجه ولگردان
arrest
[əˈrest]
verb
1 if the police arrest someone, they take that person away because they think he/she did something illegal :
▪ Police arrested 26 demonstrators.
2 to stop something that is happening, or to make it happen more slowly :
▪ drugs used to arrest the spread of the disease
▪ Smoking at an early age is thought to arrest growth in children.
3 used to say that someone who used to be famous or popular is now not famous or popular at all :
▪ She’s a big star in Paris, but she couldn’t get arrested in New York.
توقیف، توقیف کردن، بازداشتن، جلوگیری کردن
artifact
[ˈɑːrtəˌfækt]
noun
an object that was made and used a long time ago, especially one that is studied by scientists :
▪ ancient Egyptian artifacts
محصول مصنوعی، مصنوع
artless
[ˈɑːrtləs]
adjective
natural, honest, and sincere :
▪ a naive artless young woman
بی هنر، بی صنعت، ساده، بی تزویر، غیر صنعتی
ascetic
[əˈsetɪk]
adjective
living without any physical pleasures or comforts, especially for religious reasons :
▪ an ascetic Jewish sect
ریاضت کش، مرتاض، تارک دنیا، زاهد، زاهدانه
asperity
[æˈsperəti]
severity; harshness; irritability
▪ He looked at the president when the president spoke, and his expression revealed no asperity or disdain.
خشونت (در صدا)، سختی، ترشی (در مزه)، تلخی و خشونت(دراخلاق)، نامطبوعی
aspersion
[əˈspɜːrʒən]
noun
to make an unkind remark or an unfair judgment :
▪ They cast aspersions on his professional conduct.
توهین، افترا ، اب پاشی و اب افشانی
assiduous
[əˈsɪdwəs]
adjective
very careful to make sure that something is done correctly or completely :
▪ an assiduous study of Austen’s writings
دارای پشتکار، ساعی، مواظب
assuage
[əˈsweɪdʒ]
verb
to make a bad feeling less painful or severe SYN relieve : ▪ Debra tried to assuage my fears.
ارام کردن، تخفیف دادن
astringent
[əˈstrɪndʒənt]
adjective
1criticizing someone very severely :
▪ an astringent humorous novel
2 able to make your skin less oily or stop a wound from bleeding
3 having an acid taste like a lemon
گس، قابض، جمع کننده، سفت، داروی قابض، سخت گیر،دقیق، طاقت فرسا، شاق، تند و تیز
asylum
[əˈsaɪləm]
noun
1 protection given to someone by a government because they have escaped from fighting or political trouble in their own country :
▪ Thousands of refugees came to Europe seeking asylum
2 old use a hospital for people who are mentally ill
▪ The children of asylum seekers from sub-Saharan Africa will go to their kindergartens and all the other kids will go to their own.
پناهگاه، بستگاه، گریزگاه، نوانخانه، یتیم خانه، تیمارستان
atavism
[ˈætəˌvɪzəm]
in biology, the reappearance of a characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence; individual or a part that exhibits atavism; return of a trait after a period of absence
▪ I would not omit to mention also the law of atavism, in this discussion of heredity.
نیاکان گرایی، شباهت به نیاکان، برگشت بخوی نیاکان
attenuate
[əˈtenjuːˌet]
verb (used with object), attenuated, attenuating.
1.to weaken or reduce in force, intensity, effect, quantity, or value:
to attenuate desire.
2.to make thin; make slender or fine.
▪ The Venetian shutters often had to be lowered in the summer to attenuate the great heat.
رقیق کردن، نازک کردن، لاغر کردن، سبک کردن، تقلیل دادن، دقیق شدن، نازک، رقیق
audacious
[aˈdeɪʃəs]
adjective
brave and shocking :
▪ a brilliant audacious play
بی پروا، بی باک، مته ور، بی باکانه، بیشرم
austere
[ɒˈstɪr]
adjective
1 deliberately plain and simple and without any decoration :
▪ her austere way of dressing
2 having very few things to make a place or situation comfortable or enjoyable :
▪ an austere meal of bread and water
▪ an austere way of life
3 someone who is austere is very strict and looks very serious :
▪ a cold austere woman
سخت، تند و تلخ، ریاضت کش، تیره رنگ
autonomous
[ɒˈtɑːnəməs]
self-governing; independent
▪ The autonomous activity of growth is ultimately derived from energy supplied by the environment.
دارای حکومت مستقل، خودمختار، (زیست شناسی) دارای زندگی مستقل، (گیاه شناسی) خودکاربطور غیر ارادی، (روان شناسی)واحد کنترل داخلی
avarice
[ˈævərəs]
noun
1.insatiable greed for riches; inordinate, miserly desire to gain and hoard wealth.
▪ There was a whole thought in the 1980s, that Wall Street greed thing and this sense of avarice was in the air.
زیادهجویی، از، حرص، طمع
aver
[ˈeɪvər]
to affirm; declare to be true
▪ I aver it and so will this lady here whom you have doubtless recognised for the one who has stirred this matter up.
از روی یقین گفتن، بطور قطع اظهار داشتن، اثبات کردن، تصدیق کردن، بحق دانستن
avocation
[ˌævəˈkeɪʃn̩]
noun
1.something a person does in addition to a principal occupation, especially for pleasure; hobby:
Our doctor’s avocation is painting.
2.a person’s regular occupation, calling, or vocation.
3.Archaic. diversion or distraction.
▪ He stammered, and read and wrote a lot of poetry (mostly in secret), an avocation he changed to photography for the novel.
کار فرعی، کار جزیی، مشغولیت، سرگرمی، کار، حرفه، کسب
bacchanalian
pertaining to riotous or drunken festivity; pertaining to revelry
axiomatic
[ˌæksiəˈmætɪk]
taken for granted; self-evident truth
▪ After Vietnam, it was axiomatic that the press would approach those in power with a skepticism verging on cynicism.
بدیهی، حاوی پند یا گفته های اخلاقی
avuncular
[əˈvəŋkjələr]
like an uncle, benevolent and tolerant
▪ He was tall, but slight and avuncular, like a friendly neighbor.
عمو/دایی مانند، مثل یک عمو/دایی
banal
[bəˈnɑːl]
adjective
ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas :
▪ a banal argument
پیش پا افتاده، مبتذل، معمولی، همه جایی
banter
[ˈbæntər]
noun
conversation that has a lot of jokes and teasing ( tease ) remarks in it :
▪ lighthearted and amusing banter
مورد استهزا قراردادن، دست انداختن، شوخی کنایه دار، خوشمزگی
bard
[ˈbɑːrd]
noun
1.(formerly) a person who composed and recited epic or heroic poems, often while playing the harp, lyre, or the like.
2.one of an ancient Celtic order of composers and reciters of poetry.
3.any poet.
4.the bard, William Shakespeare.
▪ The Kentucky bard Ed McClanahan once lived in California, where among various endeavors he played Boswell to the Grateful Dead.
زره اسب، شاعر(باستانی)، رامشگر، شاعر و اوازخوان
bawdy
[ˈbɒdi]
adjective, bawdier, bawdiest. 1.indecent; lewd; obscene: ▪ another of his bawdy stories. noun 2.coarse or indecent talk or writing; bawdry; bawdiness: ▪ a collection of Elizabethan bawdy. ▪ The setting is a ranch of Mexican tradition in the lower border country of Texas, also saloons and bawdy houses of border towns. زشت، هرزه، شنیع، مربوط به جاکشی، بی عفت
beatify
[biˈætɪfaɪ]
verb (used with object), beatified, beatifying.
1.to make blissfully happy.
2.Roman Catholic Church. to declare (a deceased person) to be among the blessed and thus entitled to specific religious honor.
▪ He does also many things through angels; but only from Himself does He beatify angels.
سعادت جاودانی بخشیدن، امرزیدن، مبارک خواندن
bedizen
[bɪˈdaɪzən]
verb (used with object)
1.to dress or adorn in a showy, gaudy, or tasteless manner.
▪ When I was young they died for that with which they now bedizen themselves.’
از روی جلفی اراستن، زرق و برقدار کردن
behemoth
[bəˈhiːməθ]
noun
1.an animal, perhaps the hippopotamus, mentioned in Job 40:15–24.
2.any creature or thing of monstrous size or power: The army’s new tank is a behemoth.
▪ The cartel is a behemoth that small business owners fear.
(جانورشناسی) اسب ابی، کرگدن، هرچیز عظیم الجثه و نیرومند
belie
[bəˈlaɪ]
verb
1 to give someone a false idea about something :
▪ With a quickness that belied her age, she ran across the road.
2 to show that something cannot be true or real :
▪ Two large tears belied Rosalie’s brave words.
افترا زدن (به)، بد وانمود کردن، دروغ گفتن، دروغگودرآمدن، خیانت کردن به، عوضی نشان دادن
beneficent
[ˌbenəˈfɪʃənt]
adjective
1.doing good or causing good to be done; conferring benefits; kindly in action or purpose.
▪ There is a beneficent heat wave of attention returning to the subject of Thelonious Monk.
نیکوکار، کریم، بخشنده
bifurcate
[ˈbɪfərˌket]
verb (used with object), verb (used without object), bifurcated, bifurcating.
1.to divide or fork into two branches.
adjective
2.divided into two branch
▪ The flaking used to bifurcate the stem appears to be of the same type as that used to bevel the stem edges.
دوشاخه شدن، دوشاخه کردن، بدوشاخه منشعب کردن، دوشاخه ای
blandishment
[ˈblændɪʃmənt]
noun
1.Often, blandishments. something, as an action or speech, that tends to flatter, coax, entice, etc.:
Our blandishments left him unmoved. We succumbed to the blandishments of tropical living.
▪ They are at the city feast, where all is blandishment and turtle;—they are at the coroner’s inquest upon a street-starved pauper.
نوازش، ریشخند، چاپلوس
blase
[ˈbleɪz]
adjective
not worried or excited about things that most people think are important, impressive etc. :
▪ A trip to Disneyland excited even my blasé teenagers.
بیزار از عشرت در اثر افراط درخوشی
bolster
[ˈboʊlstə]
verb
1 to improve something by making it stronger or bigger :
▪ Additional soldiers were sent to bolster the defenses at two naval bases.
2 to help someone to feel better and more positive SYN boost :
▪ The win bolstered Timman’s confidence.
بالش، متکا، تیری که بطور عمودی زیرپایه گذارده شود،بابالش نگه داشتن، پشتی کردن، تکیه دادن، تقویت کردن
bombastic
[bamˈbæstɪk]
adjective
using long words that sound important but have no real meaning :
▪ a politician noted for his bombastic style
گزاف، قلنبه، مطنطن
boorish
[ˈbʊrɪʃ]
adjective
1.of or like a boor; unmannered; crude; insensitive.
▪ The boorish behavior of the studio titans of old would make a senator blush
خشن، بی نزاکت، دهاتی
bovine
[ˈboʊvaɪn]
adjective 1 relating to cows : ▪ bovine diseases 2slow and slightly stupid : ▪ She smiled at us in a bovine sort of way. گاوی، شبیه گاو، گاو خوی
brazen
[ˈbreɪzn̩]
adjective
1 not embarrassed or ashamed about doing something or behaving in a way that most people consider wrong or immoral :
▪ She was so brazen she even brought her lover to church.
▪ She’s just a brazen hussy (= a woman who behaves this way, especially sexually ) .
2 a action or statement that is brazen is shocking because the person who does or says it is not ashamed of it :
▪ a brazen lie
برنجی، (مجازا) بی شرم، بی باک، بی پروایی نشان دادن، گستاخی کردن
broach
[broʊt͡ʃ]
verb
1 broach the subject/question/matter etc. to mention a subject that may be embarrassing or upsetting, or that may cause an argument SYN bring up :
▪ Parents often find it difficult to broach the subject of sex with their children.
سنجاق کراوات، برش، سیخ، شکل سیخ، بشکل مته، سوراخکن، سوراخ کردن، نوشابه دراوردن (از چلیک)، برای نخستین بار بازکردن، بازکردن یامطرح نمودن، بسیخ کشیدن، تخلف کردن از
burgeon
[ˈbɜːrdʒən]
verb (used without object)
1.to grow or develop quickly; flourish:
▪ The town burgeoned into a city. He burgeoned into a fine actor.
2.to begin to grow, as a bud; put forth buds, shoots, etc., as a plant (often followed by out, forth).
verb (used with object)
3.to put forth, as buds.
noun
4.a bud; sprout.
▪ Then the tree began to bud and burgeon with gifts, and the rare glories of colour crept in upon the snows of winter.
جوانه زدن، درآمدن، شروع برشدکردن
bucolic
bjuːˈkɑːlɪk
adjective, Also, bucolical 1.of or relating to shepherds; pastoral. 2.of, relating to, or suggesting an idyllic rural life. noun 3.a pastoral poem. 4.Archaic. a farmer; shepherd; rustic. ▪ They are both in the study of my old farmhouse, in a room that has three nice sized windows, each with a lovely, bucolic view. روستایی، دهقانی، اشعار روستایی
burnish
[ˈbɜːrˌnɪʃ]
verb (used with object)
1.to polish (a surface) by friction.
2.to make smooth and bright.
3.Engraving. to flatten and enlarge the dots of (a halftone) by rubbing with a tool.
noun
4.gloss; brightness; luster:
▪ the burnish of brass andirons.
▪ This means that even women who are not employed in factories will get the chance to burnish career-building skills.
جلا دادن، پرداخت کردن، صیقل دادن، جلا، صیقل
buttress
[ˈbətrəs]
noun
1.any external prop or support built to steady a structure by opposing its outward thrusts, especially a projecting support built into or against the outside of a masonry wall.
2.any prop or support.
3.a thing shaped like a buttress, as a tree trunk with a widening base.
4.a bony or horny protuberance, especially on a horse’s hoof.
verb (used with object)
5.to support by a buttress; prop up.
6.to give encouragement or support to (a person, plan, etc.).
▪ Newspaper citations flash on the screen to buttress the parade of horribles.
▪ They build on their distinctive strengths, buttress and leverage their specific assets,
attributes, and advantages.
شمع پشتیبان دیوار، حائل، نگه دار، پایه، شمع زدن، محکم بستن، دارای شمع یاحائل
cacophonous
[kæˈkɒfənəs]
unpleasant or harsh-sounding
▪ The halftime show, especially, is a cacophonous display of shock and awe.
بدصدا، ناهنجار
cadge
kædʒ
to beg; sponge
▪ She can do anything—sing, talk modern Greek and Chinese—cadge is wonderful.
گره زدن، بستن، محکم کردن، باربری کردن، اخاذی کردن، دوره گردی کردن، گدایی، دوره گردی
callous
[ˈkæləs]
adjective
unkind and not caring that other people are suffering :
▪ a callous disregard for employee safety
سفت، پینه خورده، بیحس، بی عاطفه، سنگ دل، بی حس کردن، پینه زدن، پنبه ای
calumny
[ˈkæləmni]
noun
1.a false and malicious statement designed to injure the reputation of someone or something:
▪ The speech was considered a calumny of the administration.
2.the act of uttering calumnies; slander; defamation.
بدنامی، رسوایی، بهتان افترا
canard
[kəˈnɑːrd]
false; deliberately misleading story
▪ The first is this canard that we have to balance the budget.
خبردروغ، شایعات
cant
[ˈkænt]
noun
1.insincere, especially conventional expressions of enthusiasm for high ideals, goodness, or piety.
2.the private language of the underworld.
3.the phraseology peculiar to a particular class, party, profession, etc.:
the cant of the fashion industry.
4.whining or singsong speech, especially of beggars.
verb (used without object)
5.to talk hypocritically.
6.to speak in the whining or singsong tone of a beggar; beg.
▪ We digs our own water hole, and unfortunately we cant share it any.
اصطلاحات مخصوص یک صنف یا دسته، زبان دزدها وکولی ها،طرزصحبت، زبان ویژه، مناجات، گوشه دار، وارونه کردن،ناگهان چرخانیدن یاچرخیدن، باناله سخن گفتن، بالهجه مخصوصی صحبت کردن، خبرچینی کردن، اواز خواندن، مناجات کردن
cantankerous
[kænˈtæŋkərəs]
adjective
someone who is cantankerous is easily annoyed, difficult to be friends with, and complains a lot :
▪ a cantankerous old man
چموش، بدخلق، بداخم
canon
[ˈkænən]
an established set of principles; a basis or standard for judgment; a group of literary works
▪ His canon camera dangled by his side and the feeling of uncertainty over what he could now report punctuated everything he said.
تصویبنامه، تصمیم، حکم، قانون کلی،قانون شرع، مجموعه کتب، قانون گزاری کردن، ( canyon =) دره عمیق وباریک
capricious
[kəˈprɪʃəs]
adjective
1 changing suddenly and without good reasons :
▪ a capricious and difficult child
▪ the capricious political situation in Somalia
2 changing quickly and suddenly :
▪ a capricious wind
هوس باز، دمدمی مزاج، بوالهوس
cardinal
[ˈkɑːrdɪnl̩]
noun
1 a priest of very high rank in the Catholic church
2 a North American bird, the male of which is a bright red color
3 a cardinal number
▪ The new administration just broke three cardinal rules of leadership.
کاردینال، عدداصلی، اعداد اصلی، اصلی، اساسی، سهره کاکل قرمز آمریکایی
captious
[ˈkæpʃəs]
faultfinding; intended to entrap, as in an argument
“▪ That canoe may not belong to the cutter,” said the captious seaman.
ایرادگیر، فریبنده، عیب جو، حیله گر، وسیع
carnal
[ˈkɑːrnl̩]
of the flesh or body; related to physical appetities
▪ The sheets did little to muffle the carnal soundtrack emanating from inside.
جسمانی، جسمی، نفسانی، شهوانی
carping
[ˈkɑːrpɪŋ]
to find fault; complain
▪ He was no carping presence, talking about how things were done in his day.
ایرادگیر، نقنقو، عیب جو، اهل نق زدن و غرغر کردن، دپر پسند، بهانه گیر، ایراد گیر، نقنقو
cartography
kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi
noun
1.the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction.
▪ The science of geodesy is part of mathematical geography, of which the arts of surveying and cartography are applications.
نقشه کشی
caste
ˈkæst
any of the hereditary social classes in Hindu society; social stratification
▪ We deeply feel the heart-touching good wishes of the people across the world of all caste, color, and creed.
طبقه، صنف، قبیله، طبقات مختلف مردم هند
castigation
[ˈkæstəˌɡet]
verb (used with object), castigated, castigating.
1.to criticize or reprimand severely.
2.to punish in order to correct.
▪ We have always felt that that is where the castigation should take place.
تنبیه کردن، شدیدا انتقاد کردن
cataclysm
ˈkætəˌklɪsəm
a violent upheaval that causes great destruction and change
▪ The poet remains coolly detached: a circumspect observer in the face of cataclysm.
سیل بزرگ، طوفان، تحولات ناگهانی وعمده
catalyst
noun
1 something or someone that causes an important change or event to happen
▪ The women’s movement acted as a catalyst for change in the workplace.
2 a substance that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly without being changed itself
categorical
[ˌkætəˈɡɑːrɪkl̩]
adjective
a categorical statement is a clear statement that something is definitely true or false SYN unequivocal :
▪ a categorical denial
قاطع، حتمی، جزمی، قیاسی، قطعی، (منطق) مطلق، بی قید، بی شرط
caucus
[ˈkɑːkəs]
smaller group within an organization
(in North America and New Zealand) a meeting of the members of a legislative body who are members of a particular political party, to select candidates or decide policy.
▪ “the Democrats held caucuses on 10 February”
انجمن حزبی، کمیته های پارلمانی، نمایندگان حزب کارگر درپارلمان یا انجمن
causal
[ˈkɒzl̩]
1 relating to the connection between two things, where one causes the other to happen or exist : causal
▪ Studies have not proven a causal relationship between violence on TV and violent crime.
2 a causal conjunction , for example “because,” introduces a statement about the cause of something
علی، سببی، علتی، بیان کننده علت، مبنی بر سبب
caustic
[ˈkɑːstɪk]
adjective
1 a caustic remark criticizes someone in a way that is unkind but often humorous : caustic comment/humor/criticism etc.
▪ her caustic descriptions of her co-workers
2 a caustic substance can burn through things by chemical action
نیشدار، تند، تیز، هجو آمیز، سوزش اور
نیشدار، تند، تیز، هجو آمیز، سوزش اور
celestial
[səˈlest͡ʃəl]
adjective
1 relating to the sky or heaven SYN heavenly :
▪ Venus is the brightest celestial body (= a star, moon, sun etc. ) after the moon.
2 very beautiful :
▪ celestial music
الهی، علوی، اسمانی، سماوی
centrifugal
[senˈtrɪfjɪɡl̩]
moving away from a center
▪ The centrifugal pump was thrown in at the last desperate moment.
گریزنده از مرکز، فرار از مرکز
centripetal
[senˈtrɪpɪtl̩]
adjective
1.directed toward the center (opposed to centrifugal).
2.operating by centripetal force.
3.Physiology, afferent.
▪ The centrifugal force has been overbalanced by the centripetal.
مایل به مرکز
champion
[ˈt͡ʃæmpiən]
noun
1 a person, team etc. that has won a competition, especially in sports :
▪ the national junior champion in ice skating
2 someone who publicly fights for and defends an aim or principle, such as the rights of a group of people :
▪ Douglas has always been a champion of free speech.
پهلوان، قهرمان، مبارزه، دفاع کردن از، پشتیبانی کردن
chicanery
ʃɪˈkeɪnəri
noun
the use of complicated plans or tricks to deceive people :▪ Many blacks were denied the right to vote through chicanery.
حیله بازی، ضد ونقیض گویی، مغالطه
chasten
[ˈt͡ʃeɪsn̩]
verb
someone realize that their behavior is wrong or mistaken : ▪ Military leaders, chastened by Vietnam, have learned to be cautious.
تصفیه وتزکیه کردن
chivalry
[ˈʃɪvəlri]
the qualities idealized by knighthood such as bravery and gallantry toward women
▪ I grew up in a household that was ruled by chivalry, but a family where the men and women are equal soldiers.
سلحشوری، دلیری، جوانمردی، فتوت، تعارف
churlish
[t͡ʃɜːrˌlɪʃ]
adjective
not polite or friendly :
▪ It seemed churlish to refuse his invitation.
(شخص) بی‌تربیت، بی ادب، بی نزاکت،بی کِلاس و دهاتی، زمخت، بد اخلاق، بدخُلق
circuitous
[sərˈkjuːətəs]
غیرمستقیم
adjective
1 going from one place to another in a way that is longer than the most direct way :
▪ the river’s circuitous course
2 doing or achieving something in a way that is not very direct :
▪ Lebeau took a circuitous route to academic life; he was a musician and a plumber first.
clamor
[ˈklæmər]
noun
1 a very loud noise, often made by a large group of people or animals :
▪ the clamor of factory machinery
2 a complaint or a demand for something that is expressed by many people
▪ There has been a national clamor for better schools.
بانگ، غوغا، سروصدا، غریو کشیدن، مصرانه تقاضا کردن
coagulate
[koʊˈæɡjʊleɪt]
verb
to change or be changed from a liquid into a thick substance or a solid :
▪ The drug helps the blood to coagulate.
بستن، دلمه کردن، لخته شدن (خون)
coalesce
[ˌkoʊəˈles]
verb
to grow together or combine to form one single group :
▪ Several groups are coalescing to protest against the bill.
بهم امیختن، یکی شدن، منعقد شدن
coda
[ˈkoʊdə]
concluding part of a literary or musical composition; something that summarizes or concludes
▪ The film, opening on December 17, has turned out to be a coda to the man’s incarceration.
قطعه اخریک اهنگ
codify
[koʊdɪfaɪ]
verb
to arrange laws, principles, facts etc. in a system :
▪ The agreement must still be codified by federal legislation.
قانون وضع کردن، بصورت رمز دراوردن، تدوین کردن
cognizant
[ˈkɑːɡnəzənt]
adjective
having knowledge or information about something :
▪ The court is cognizant of the fact that your client has tried to pay the debt.
اگاه، باخبر
collage
[kəˈlɑːʒ]
artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements
▪ He held in horror this shameful half-marriage that the language of slang had baptized, as with a stain: collage.
اختلاط رنگهای مختلف درسطح پرده نقاشی، هنر اختلاط رنگها
commensurate
[kəˈmensərət]
adjective
matching something in size, quality, or length of time SYN corresponding
▪ The punishment should be commensurate with their actions.
متناسب
compendium
[kəmˈpendiəm]
noun
a book that contains a complete collection of facts, drawings etc. on a particular subject :
▪ a compendium of 19th century photographs
خلاصه، زبده، مختصر، کوتاهی، اختصار
complacent
[kəmˈpleɪsənt]
adjective
1.pleased, especially with oneself or one’s merits, advantages, situation, etc., often without awareness of some potential danger or defect; self-satisfied:
The voters are too complacent to change the government.
2.pleasant; complaisant.
▪ The incumbent top management of the biggest banks
either did this, or is complicit, or is complacent.
از خود راضی، عشرت طلب، تن اسا، خود خوشنود
complaisant
[kəmˈpleɪsənt]
adjective
1.inclined or disposed to please; obliging; agreeable or gracious; compliant:
the most complaisant child I’ve ever met.
▪ The goddess is complaisant, and grants them exactly their desire.
مهربان، خوشخو، با ادب
complement
ˈkɑːmpləmənt]
noun
1 someone or something that emphasizes the good qualities of another person or thing
▪ White wine makes an excellent complement to fish.
2 the number or quantity needed to make a group complete :
▪ The submarines are equipped with a full complement of 24 missiles.
کلیه، تمامی، مجموعه، همگی، تمامی اعضا، کلیه‌ی خدمه
(ریاضی) (زاویه) متمم
compliant
[kəmˈplaɪənt]
adjective
1 willing to obey or agree to other people’s wishes and demands :
▪ Some patients are more compliant than others in the hospital.
2 made, used, or done according to particular rules or standards :
▪ All waste treatment facilities must be fully compliant with federal regulations.
▪ a standards-compliant Web browser
اماده انجام ،قبول کننده ،فروتن ،تسلیم شونده
compunction
kəmˈpəŋkʃn̩
noun
to not feel guilty or sorry about something, although other people may think that it is wrong :
▪ He apparently felt no compunction about lying to us.
پشیمانی، ندامت، رحم
conciliatory
kənˈsɪˌliəˌtɔːri]
adjective
doing something that is intended to make someone stop arguing with you :
▪ We need to take a more conciliatory approach in the negotiations.
▪ The government has made a series of conciliatory gestures toward its neighbors.
استمالت میز،صلح میز
concave
kanˈkeɪv
adjective
1.curved like a segment of the interior of a circle or hollow sphere; hollow and curved.
Compare convex (def 1).
2.Geometry. (of a polygon) having at least one interior angle greater than 180°.
3.Obsolete, hollow.
noun
4.a concave surface, part, line, or thing.
5.Machinery. a concave piece, as one against which a drum rotates.
▪ The design has in this case been engraved upon the convex side, the concave surface being plain.
کار، مقعر
concoct
[kənˈkɑːkt]
verb
1 to invent a story, excuse, or plan, especially in order to deceive someone :
▪ John had concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.
2 to make something such as a food or drink by mixing different things, especially things that are not usually combined :
▪ Debbie started the business by concocting recipes in her kitchen.
درست کردن، جعل کردن، اختراع کردن، ترکیب کردن، پختن، گواریدن
concomitant
[ˌkɑːnˈkɑːmətənt]
noun
existing or happening together, especially as a result of something :
▪ members’ concomitant rights and responsibilities
همراه، ملازم، پیوسته
condone
[kənˈdoʊn]
verb
to accept or forgive behavior that most people think is morally wrong :
▪ I’m not condoning his behavior, but I can understand it.
چشم پوشی کردن از، اغماض کردن، بخشیدن
confound
[kanˈfaʊnd]
verb
1 to confuse and surprise people by being unexpected :
▪ Dan’s speedy recovery confounded the medical experts.
2 to prove someone or something wrong : confound the critics/pundits/experts etc.
▪ She confounded the critics by turning the company around.
3 if a problem, question etc. confounds you, you cannot understand it or explain it SYN baffle :
▪ Even travel agents are confounded by the logic of airline ticket pricing.
پریشان کردن، گیج کردن، عاجز کردن
congenial
[kənˈdʒiːnjəl]
adjective
1nice, in a way that makes you feel comfortable and relaxed SYN friendly :
▪ a congenial atmosphere
▪ Everyone there was very congenial
2 appropriate for something :
▪ The department provides a very congenial environment for research students.
همخو، هم مشرب، دارای تجانس روحی، هم سلیقه
conjugal
[ˈkɑːndʒəɡəl]
pertaining to marriage agreement
▪ The voice of parental and conjugal tenderness was silent in the grave!
نکاحی، ازدواجی
conscript
[kənˈskrɪpt]
a person compulsorily enrolled for military service
▪ Many young men were forcibly conscripted into the military.
2 to make someone become a member of a group or take part in a particular activity :
▪ She had conscripted him into helping her distribute the pamphlets.
سرباز وظیفه، مشمول نظام کردن
consecrate
ˈkɑːnsəˌkret]
verb
1 to officially state in a special religious ceremony that something such as a place or building is holy and can be used for religious purposes :
▪ The chapel was consecrated in 1475.
2 to officially state in a special religious ceremony that someone is now a priest, bishopetc.
▪ consecrated ground
وقف شده، ویژه کردن، تخصیص دادن، تقدیس کردن
connoisseur
[ˌkɑːnəˈsɜːr]
expert in matters of taste; expert knowledge or training
▪ The Emperor, who had been waiting for the invitation, posed once more as connoisseur.
خبره
contend
kənˈtend
verb
1 to compete against someone in order to gain something
▪ Ten teams are contending for the title.
2 to argue or state that something is true SYN maintain
contend (that)
▪ The government contended that most of the refugees were fleeing poverty, not persecution.
ستیزه کردن، مخالفت کرده با، رقابت کردن، ادعا کردن
contentious
[kənˈtenʃəs]
adjective
1 likely to cause a lot of argument and disagreement between people :
▪ Logging on public lands is a contentious issue.
2 someone who is contentious often argues with people
ستیزه جو، دعوایی، متنازع فیه، ستیزگر
contiguous
kənˈtɪɡjuːəs
adjective
next to something, or near something in time or order :
▪ the 48 contiguous states (= the U.S. states that are next to each other )
نزدیک، مجاور، پیوسته، متصل، مربوط بهم
continence
[ˈkɒntɪnəns]
self-control; abstention from sexual activity
▪ In the words of Saint Augustine, “Lord, Give me chastity and continence, but not yet.”
خودداری، خویشتن داری، پرهیزگاری
contrite
[kənˈtraɪt]
very sorrowful for a wrong; seeking forgiveness
adjective
feeling guilty and sorry for something bad that you have done, or showing that you feel this way SYN penitent :
▪ a contrite apology
پشیمان، توبه کار، از روی توبه وپشیمانی
contumacious
[ˌkɒntjuːˈmeɪʃəs]
adjective
1.stubbornly perverse or rebellious; willfully and obstinately disobedient.
سرکش، خودسر، سرپیچ، متمرد، یاغی
conundrum
[kəˈnəndrəm]
noun
1 a confusing and difficult problem :
▪ a moral conundrum
2 a person or situation that is strange or confusing SYN enigma :
▪ King remains a conundrum, a man of both major strengths and serious character flaws.
3 a trick question asked for fun SYN riddle
معما، چیستان، لغز، مسئله بغرنج وپیچیده
convex
[kənˈveks]
adjective curved outward, like the surface of the eye ; OPP concave : ▪ a convex lens ▪ a convex mirror محدب، کوژ، گرده ماهی
convivial
جkənˈvɪviəl]
adjective
friendly and pleasantly cheerful :
▪ convivial conversation
) جشنی، اهل کیف وخوشگذرانی، وابسته به جشن وعشرت
converge
[kənˈvɜːrdʒ]
verb
1 if groups of people converge in a particular place, they come there from many different places and meet together to form a large crowd
▪ Reporters quickly converged on the scene.
2 to come from different directions and meet at the same point to become one thing SYN merge ; OPP diverge :
▪ The rivers converge south of Pittsburgh.
3 if different ideas or aims converge, they become the same ; OPP diverge
with
▪ This is one area where popular opinion converges with government policy.
توجه بیک نقطه یا یک مقصد مشترک، (ریاضی) تقارب خطوط، وجود تشابه، همگراشدن
convoluted
[ˈkɑːnvəˌluːtəd]
adjective
1 complicated and difficult to understand :
▪ The convoluted language of the report made it difficult to read.
▪ The loan approval process is very convoluted.
2 having many twists and bends :
▪ a convoluted freeway interchange
بهم پیچیده، بهم تابیده، حلقوی، پیچاپیچ
copious
[ˈkoʊpɪəs]
adjective
existing or being produced in large quantities :
▪ Officer Gomez took copious notes.
▪ She wept copiously.
فراوان، مفصل، زیاد، خیلی
coquette
[kɒˈket]
noun
1.a woman who flirts lightheartedly with men to win their admiration and affection; flirt.
verb (used without object)
2.to coquet.
▪ Mr. Jessop was the owner of the Molly, twenty rater, and coquette, half rater.
لوند، عشوه گری، عشوه گر، طناز، لاسی، طنازی کردن، زن عشوه گر، زن لاسی، لوند
cornucopia
[ˌkɔːnjʊˈkoʊpɪə]
noun
1.Classical Mythology. a horn containing food, drink, etc., in endless supply, said to have been a horn of the goat Amalthaea.
2.a representation of this horn, used as a symbol of abundance.
3.an abundant, overflowing supply.
4.a horn-shaped or conical receptacle or ornament.
▪ The plane was overflowing with a cornucopia of luxury food and amenities, as if destined for Paris.
یا شاخ وفور نعمت، ظرفی شبیه بشاخ یاقیف
cosmology
[kɒzˈmɒlədʒi]
study of the universe as a totality; theory of the origin and structure of the universe
▪ The vast majority of the nation clung to their primitive Buddhistic cosmology.
کیهان شناسی، فلسفه انتظام گیتی، نظام عالم وجود
covert
ˈkovərt
adjective 1.concealed; secret; disguised. 2.covered; sheltered. 3.Law. (of a wife) under the protection of one's husband. noun 4.a covering; cover. 5.a shelter or hiding place. 6.concealment or disguise ▪ There was covert insinuation of suspicion, albeit a kindly one, in the man's voice. نهان، راز، پناهگاه، پوشیده، پوشپر
covetous
ˈkəvətəs
adjective
having a very strong desire to have something that someone else has, especially wealth SYN envious :
▪ They began to cast covetous eyes on their neighbors’ fields.
ازمند
cozen
ˈkʌzən
to mislead by trick or fraud; decieve
▪ The archaic verb to cozen is a metaphor of quite another kind.
گول زدن، فریب دادن، اغوا کردن
کلاه (سر کسی) گذاشتن، گوش بریدن
clique
[ˈkliːk[
a small group of people who think they are special and do not want other people to join their group
▪ The movement had devolved and morphed into a clique instead.
دسته، گروه، محفل
craven
[ˈkreɪvn̩]
adjective 1.cowardly; contemptibly timid; pusillanimous. noun 2.a coward. verb (used with object) 3.to make cowardly. ▪ The priestly agent, after craven prayers for his life, was immured for a time in a cloister. شکست خورده، (ادم) ترسو وپست، نامرد
credo
ˈkreɪdoʊ
a statement of the beliefs or aims which guide someone’s actions
▪ “he announced his credo in his first editorial”
a creed of the Christian Church in Latin.
noun: Credo; plural noun: Credo
a musical setting of the Nicene Creed, typically as part of a mass.
noun: Credo
“the Credo of Bach’s B minor Mass”
عقیده، ایمان
daunt
ˈdɒnt
verb
to make someone feel afraid or less confident :
▪ The lightning did little to daunt local golfers.
ترساندن، تو دل کسی را خالی کردن، مرعوب کردن
dearth
ˈdɜːrθ
noun
a lack of something
▪ a dearth of qualified workers
کمیابی و گرانی، قحط و غلا، کمبود
debauchery
dəˈbɒt͡ʃəri
noun
1 immoral behavior involving drugs, alcohol, sex etc.
2 an occasion when someone behaves in this way
عیاشی، فسق، هرزگی
decorum
dɪˈkɔːrəm
noun
behavior that shows respect and is correct for a particular occasion :
▪ a strong sense of decorum
دب، اداب دانی، مناسبت، رفتاربجا
defame
[dəˈfeɪm]
verb
to write or say something that makes people have a bad opinion of someone or something :
▪ a novel defaming the Catholic church
بدنام کردن
default
dəˈfɒlt
noun
1 by default
a) if something happens by default, it happens because someone did not make a decision or take action :
▪ I became a salesman by default (= because I did not know what else to do ) .
b) if you win a game, competition etc. by default, you win because your opponent did not play or there were no other competitors
2 failure to do something that you are legally supposed to do or have a duty to do, especially not paying back money :
▪ The loan is in default .
کوتاهی، قصور، غفلت، نکول کردن
deference
ˈdefərəns
noun
polite behavior that shows that you respect someone and are willing to accept what they say or believe :
▪ Visiting officials were treated with great deference. in deference to something/out of deference to something
▪ In deference to local custom, we wore longer skirts.
تن دردهی، تسلیم، تمکین، احترام(گذاری)
defunct
dəˈfəŋkt
adjective
not existing or operating anymore :
▪ the now-defunct Women’s Basketball League
ازبین رفته، تمام شده، مرده، درگذشته
delineate
dəˈlɪniˌet
verb
1) to describe something carefully so that it is easy to understand :
▪ The document delineates customers’ rights.
2 to show where the edges of an object or an area of land are
مشخص کردن، ترسیم نمودن، معین کردن
demographic
[ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk]
noun
1 information about the people who live in a particular area, such as how many people there are or what types of people there are :
▪ the changing demographics of Southern California
2 a part of the population that is considered as a group, especially for the purpose of advertising or trying to sell goods :
▪ Cable television is focused on the 18 to 49 demographic (= people who are 18 to 49 years old ) .
وابسته به امارگیری نفوس
demotic
dɪˈmɒtɪk
adjective
1 denoting or relating to the kind of language used by ordinary people; colloquial.
“a demotic idiom”
2 ordinary colloquial speech.
“he blinked in mild surprise at this uncharacteristic leap into the demotic”
معروف، متداول، وابسته بحروف جدید هیروگلیفی
demur
[ˌdɪˈmɜːr]
verb
to say you will not do something or do not agree with something :
▪ When we asked for his help, he demurred.
demur at something
▪ She liked the house, but demurred at the price.
کمرویی کردن، ناز، (حقوق) تقاضای درنگ یا مکث کردن،درنگ کردن، مهلت خواستن، استثنا قائل شدن، تاخیر، تردید رای
denizen
ˈdenəzn̩
noun
1.an inhabitant; resident.
2.a person who regularly frequents a place; habitué:
the denizens of a local bar.
3.British. an alien admitted to residence and to certain rights of citizenship in a country.
4.anything adapted to a new place, condition, etc., as an animal or plant not indigenous to a place but successfully naturalized.
▪ There is a figure of a turkey, a denizen of the factory grounds, modelled from life.
“denizens of field and forest”
ساکن، مقیم، ساکن کردن
denigrate
ˈdenɪˌɡret
verb
to do or say things to make someone or something seem less important or good :
▪ remarks that denigrate other races
لکه دار کردن، سیاه کردن، بد نام کردن
denouement
ˌdeˌnuːˈmɑːn
noun
1.the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel.
2.the place in the plot at which this occurs.
3.the outcome or resolution of a doubtful series of occurrences.
▪ The denouement itself appropriates the theme of the huntsman who spares the child he is obliged to kill.
نتیجه نمایش، پایان نمایش، نتیجه عمل
clairvoyant
klerˌvɔɪənt
adjective
1.having or claiming to have the power of seeing objects or actions beyond the range of natural vision:
▪ Not being clairvoyant, I did not foresee the danger of ignoring her advice.
2.of, by, or pertaining to clairvoyance:
▪ Unlike more talented witches, I had to make do with love potions and occasional clairvoyant visions.
noun
3.a clairvoyant person:
▪ A clever clairvoyant could make a fortune in the stock market.
روشن بین، نهان بین
derivative
dəˈrɪvətɪv
noun
1 something that has developed or been produced from something else
of
▪ The drug is a derivative of Vitamin A.
2 a type of financial investment whose value depends on the value of another asset :
▪ the derivative market
برگرفته، مأخوذ، گرفته شده، (زبان‌شناسی، شیمی، ریاضی) مشتق، (کارهای ادبی) اقتباس شده، اقتباسی
derivative
dəˈrɪvətɪv
noun
1something that has developed or been produced from something else
▪ The drug is a derivative of Vitamin A.
2 a type of financial investment whose value depends on the value of another asset :
▪ the derivative market
برگرفته، مأخوذ، گرفته شده، (زبان‌شناسی، شیمی، ریاضی) مشتق، (کارهای ادبی) اقتباس شده، اقتباسی
desiccate
ˈdesɪkeɪt
verb (used with object), desiccated, desiccating.
1.to dry thoroughly; dry up.
2.to preserve (food) by removing moisture; dehydrate.
verb (used without object), desiccated, desiccating.
3.to become thoroughly dried or dried up.
▪ The effect of that would be to desiccate the human species in human conceit.
خشک کردن، در جای خشک نگه داشتن
desuetude
dɪˈsjuːɪtjuːd
noun
1.the state of being no longer used or practiced.
▪ The laws against heresy have fallen into desuetude in England, but while they lasted they were simply ferocious.
عدم استعمال، ترک، موقوف شدگی، متارکه، وقفه
desultory
ˈdesəlˌtɔːri
adjective
1.lacking in consistency, constancy, or visible order, disconnected; fitful:
▪ desultory conversation.
2.digressing from or unconnected with the main subject; random:
▪ a desultory remark.
▪ a desultory conversation
بی قاعده، پرت، بی ترتیب، درهم و برهم، بی ربط
deterrent
dəˈtɜːrrənt
adjective
1.serving or tending to deter.
noun
2.something that deters:
▪ a deterrent to crime.
3.military strength or an ability to defend a country or retaliate strongly enough to deter an enemy from attacking.
▪ I know it is not a deterrent since the nightly news tells us it does not deter.
مانع شونده، منع کننده، بازدارنده، ترساننده
detraction
dɪˈtrækʃn̩
noun
1.the act of disparaging or belittling the reputation or worth of a person, work, etc.
▪ The indication is that the writer had in his mind the beast of fanaticism and detraction.
بدگویی، افترا، کاهش، کسرشان، کسر
diaphanous
daɪˈæfənəs
adjective
1.very sheer and light; almost completely transparent or translucent.
2.delicately hazy.
The branches of the high elms stood out clearly in the diaphanous atmosphere, but the shadows cast upon the road became darker.
روشن، شفاف
diatribe
ˈdaɪəˌtraɪb
noun
an angry speech or piece of writing that criticizes someone or something very severely SYN tirade
against/on
▪ a diatribe against church policy on women’s rights
سخن سخت، انتقاد تلخ، زخم زبان
dichotomy
daɪˈkɑːtəmi
noun
the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite
between
▪ the dichotomy between public and private
تقسیم به دو بخش، انشعاب به دو شعبه، دو حالتی
diffidence
ˈdɪfɪdəns
shyness; lack of confidence
▪ The youth sat down as directed, but reluctantly and with diffidence.
عدم اعتماد به نفس، کم رویی، ترس بیم از خود
diffuse
dəˈfjuːs
verb
1 if something diffuses light, it spreads it over a larger area and makes it softer and less bright
2 if you diffuse a liquid or a gas, or if it diffuses, it spreads over a larger area and mixes evenly with the surrounding gases or liquids, becoming less strong :
▪ The wind quickly diffused any toxic vapors that may have leaked out.
3 to spread something over a larger area or to more people, often so that it becomes less strong :
▪ Critics believe that such action will diffuse the power of Congress.
4 to spread ideas or information among a lot of people, or to spread like this :
▪ These stories became diffused throughout the English-speaking world.
منتشر شده، پراکنده، پخش شده، افشانده، افشاندن، پخش کردن، (مجازا) منتشر کردن
disabuse
ˌdɪsəˈbjuːs
verb (used with object), verb (used without object)
1.to expand by stretching, as something hollow or elastic:
▪ Habitual overeating had distended his stomach.
2.to spread in all directions; expand; swell:
▪ The sea distended about them.
از اشتباه دراوردن، از حقیقت اگاه کردن
dirge
ˈdɜːrdʒ
noun
1.a funeral song or tune, or one expressing mourning in commemoration of the dead.
2.any composition resembling such a song or tune in character, as a poem of lament for the dead or solemn, mournful music:
Tennyson’s dirge for the Duke of Wellington.
3.a mournful sound resembling a dirge:
The autumn wind sang the dirge of summer.
4.Ecclesiastical. the office of the dead, or the funeral service as sung.
نوحه، سرود عزا، نوحه سرایی، سرود عزا سرودن
disabuse
dis-uh-byooz
free from a misconception
▪ He said he wanted to disabuse anyone who thinks the administration has “a bunch of other rabbits in our hat” to ward off default.
از اشتباه دراوردن، از حقیقت اگاه کردن
discerning
ˌdɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ
adjective
1.showing good or outstanding judgment and understanding:
a discerning critic of French poetry.
▪ The minister for women and equality, Harriet Harman, suggested that women were being “discerning.”
فهمیده، بینا
discomfit
dɪsˈkʌmfɪt
verb
to make someone feel uncomfortable, annoyed, or embarrassed SYN unsettle :
▪ The announcement discomfited some Democrats.
خنثی کردن، ایجاد اشکال کردن، دچار مانع کردن، ناراحت کردن، بطلان
discrepancy
ˌdɪˈskrepənsi
noun, plural discrepancies for 2.
1.the state or quality of being discrepant or in disagreement, as by displaying an unexpected or unacceptable difference; inconsistency:
The discrepancy between the evidence and his account of what happened led to his arrest.
2.an instance of difference or inconsistency:
There are certain discrepancies between the two versions of the story.
اختلاف، تفاوت، مورداختلاف
discredit
ˌdɪˈskredət
verb (used with object)
1.to injure the credit or reputation of; defame:
▪ an effort to discredit honest politicians.
2.to show to be undeserving of trust or belief; destroy confidence in:
▪ Later research discredited earlier theories.
3.to give no credence to; disbelieve:
▪ There was good reason to discredit the witness.
noun
4.loss or lack of belief or confidence; disbelief; distrust:
▪ His theories met with general discredit.
5.loss or lack of repute or esteem; disrepute.
6.something that damages a good reputation:
▪ This behavior will be a discredit to your good name.
بیاعتباری، بدنامی، بی اعتبار ساختن
discrepancy
ˌdɪˈskrepənsi
noun
1.the state or quality of being discrepant or in disagreement, as by displaying an unexpected or unacceptable difference; inconsistency:
▪ The discrepancy between the evidence and his account of what happened led to his arrest.
2.an instance of difference or inconsistency:
▪ There are certain discrepancies between the two versions of the story.
اختلاف، تفاوت، مورداختلاف
discrete
ˌdɪˈskriːt
adjective
clearly separate SYN distinct :
▪ The developing insect passes through several discrete stages.
جدا، مجزا، مجرد، مجزاکردن
discretion
ˌdɪˈskreʃn̩
noun
1 the ability to deal with situations in a way that does not offend or embarrass people, especially by keeping other people’s secrets :
▪ The hotel has built a reputation on its discretion.
▪ I’m sure I can rely on your discretion.
2 the ability and right to decide what should be done in a particular situation :
▪ Hiring is at the discretion of fire department administrators.
3 said on television before programs that might offend some people because they contain violence, swearing, sex etc.
بصیرت، احتیاط، حزم، نظر، رای، صلاحدید
disingenuous
ˌdɪˌsɪnˈdʒenjuːəs
adjective
not sincere and slightly dishonest, perhaps trying to trick people :
▪ It’s disingenuous of politicians to blame reporters for leaks that appear in the press.
بدون صراحت لهجه، دورو، بدون صمیمیت
disjointed
ˌdɪsˌdʒɔɪntəd
adjective
disjointed speaking or writing is not easy to understand because it has parts that do not seem well connected or are not arranged well :
▪ His evidence was disjointed and sometimes contradictory.
بیربط، گسیخته، متلاشی، در رفته، نامربوط
disinterested
ˌdɪˈsɪntrəstəd
adjective
1 not interested SYN uninterested ; OPP interested
▪ Police appeared disinterested in halting the fighting.
2 not personally involved in a situation, and therefore able to judge the situation fairly SYN impartial , unbiased , objective ; OPP interested :
▪ a disinterested observer
بی علاقه، بی غرض، بی طرف، بی طمع، بی غرضانه
disparage
ˌdɪˈsperɪdʒ
verb (used with object), disparaged, disparaging.
1.to speak of or treat slightingly; depreciate; belittle:
▪ Do not disparage good manners.
2.to bring reproach or discredit upon; lower the estimation of:
▪ Your behavior will disparage the whole family.
عدم وفق، انکار فضیلت چیزی راکردن، کم گرفتن،بیقدرکردن، پست کردن، بی اعتبارکردن
dismiss
ˌdɪˈsmɪs
verb
1 to refuse to consider someone or something seriously because you think they are silly or not important :
▪ Richards dismissed suggestions that he planned to resign.
2 is dismissed, a judge decides that it should not continue, often because there is not enough information available to make a decision about the case :
▪ The murder charge against Beckwith has been dismissed.
3 to remove someone from their job or position SYN fire
▪ She was dismissed from her teaching job.
4 if someone in authority dismisses a person or a group, they send them away or allow them to leave :
▪ You all know your homework assignment? All right, class dismissed .
روانه کردن، مرخص کردن، معاف کردن
disparate
ˈdɪspərət
adjective
different and not related to each other :
▪ Many disparate forms of information can be linked together in the database.
ناجور، مختلف، نابرابر، نامساوی، غیرمتجانس
disseminate
ˌdɪˈseməˌnet
to spread information, ideas etc. to as many people as possible, especially in order to influence them :
▪ False information was being disseminated among investors.
تخم کاشتن، منتشرکردن
disseminate
ˌdɪˈseməˌnet
verb
to spread information, ideas etc. to as many people as possible, especially in order to influence them :
▪ False information was being disseminated among investors.
تخم کاشتن، منتشرکردن
dissolution
ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn̩
noun
1.the act or process of resolving or dissolving into parts or elements.
2.the resulting state.
3.the undoing or breaking of a bond, tie, union, partnership, etc.
4.the breaking up of an assembly or organization; dismissal; dispersal.
5.Government. an order issued by the head of a state terminating a parliament and necessitating a new election.
6.death; decease.
▪ They may have been removed there from the abbey for safety at the time of the dissolution.
▪ It was again restored on the dissolution of the armed neutrality.
تجزیه، حل، فساد، از هم پاشیدگی، فسخ
dissonance
ˈdɪsənəns
noun
1 a lack of agreement between ideas, opinions, or facts
between
▪ the dissonance between her orderly school life and chaotic home
2 an annoying sound made by a group of musical notes that do not go together well SYN discord ; OPP consonance , harmony :
▪ a choral piece full of dissonance and odd rhythms
اختلاط اصوات و اهنگ های ناموزون، ناجوری، ناهنجاری
distend
ˌdɪˈstend
verb (used with object), verb (used without object)
1.to expand by stretching, as something hollow or elastic:
▪ Habitual overeating had distended his stomach.
2.to spread in all directions; expand; swell:
▪ The sea distended about them.
بادکردن، بزرگ کردن، متورم شدن
distrait
dɪˈstreɪ
adjective
1.inattentive because of distracting worries, fears, etc.; absent-minded.
▪ Irene was grave and distrait this morning, with a chilly reserve about her that did not court lover-like advances.
گیج، سربهوا
distill
ˌdɪˈstɪl
verb
1to make a strong alcoholic drink by heating alcohol until it becomes a gas and then letting it cool
▪ You can distill brandy from wine.
2 to make a liquid purer by heating it so that it becomes a gas, and then letting it cool :
▪ It’s not difficult to distill water.
3 to get specific ideas, information etc. from a large amount of knowledge or experience
▪ Our organization attempts to distill information from a variety of sources.
تقطیرشدن، عرق گرفتن از، چکاندن
diverge
dɪˈvɜːrdʒ
verb
1 if similar things diverge, they develop in different ways and so are not similar anymore ; OPP converge :
▪ The two species diverged millions of years ago.
2 if people’s opinions, interests etc. diverge, they are different from each other :
▪ Their political views diverge sharply .
3 to change from your current attitude or your current way of doing something :
▪ Russia does not intend to diverge from its position.
4 if two lines or paths that are next to each other diverge, they begin to go in different directions ; OPP converge
انشعاب یافتن، ازهم دورشدن، اختلاف پیداکردن، واگراییدن
divulge
dɪˈvəldʒ
verb
to give someone information, especially about something that was secret :
▪ The FBI has not divulged information on any suspects.
▪ She would not divulge her plans to anyone.
divulge what/where/whether etc.
▪ The Navy refuses to divulge whether any of the ships are carrying nuclear weapons.
فاش کردن، افشا کردن، بروز دادن
divulge
dɪˈvəldʒ
verb
to give someone information, especially about something that was secret :
▪ The FBI has not divulged information on any suspects.
divulge something to
▪ She would not divulge her plans to anyone.
divulge what/where/whether etc.
▪ The Navy refuses to divulge whether any of the ships are carrying nuclear weapons.
فاش کردن، افشا کردن، بروز دادن
document
ˈdɑːkjəment
noun
1 a piece of paper that has official information written on it, or a set of these papers :
▪ legal documents
▪ a 55-page document detailing the criminal charges
2 a piece of work that you write on a computer, which is saved in a single file :
▪ If you try to close the document, the program will prompt you to save it.
مستند کردن، با مدرک ثابت کردن، سند ارائه دادن برای، مدرک آوردن برای، سندیت دادن
doggerel
ˈdɑːɡərəl
noun
poetry that is silly or funny and not intended to be serious :
▪ a few verses of doggerel
شعر بد، شعر بند تنبانی
dogmatic
dagˈmætɪk
adjective
having ideas or beliefs that you will not change and that you expect other people to accept :
▪ Her employees find her bossy and dogmatic.
جزمی، متعصب، کوته فکر
dormant
ˈdɔːrmənt
dor‧mant adjective
1 not active or not growing right now, but able to be active later :
▪ a dormant volcano
▪ The virus can lie dormant in the blood for up to 12 years.
2 not used or not active for a period of time :
▪ Accounts that remain dormant for three years must be reported to the state.
3 seeds that are dormant are alive but not growing at the moment
خوابیده، ساکت، درحال کمون
dross
ˈdrɒs
noun
1.waste matter; refuse.
2.Metallurgy. a waste product taken off molten metal during smelting, essentially metallic in character.
3.British. coal of little value.
▪ These form a cavity for the reception of the iron and dross, when melted above.
ebullient
əˈbʊljənt
adjective
very happy and excited :
▪ an ebullient personality
احساساتی، پر هیجان، با حرارت، گرم، جوشان
ebullient\
əˈbʊljənt
adjective
very happy and excited :
▪ an ebullient personality
احساساتی، پر هیجان، با حرارت، گرم، جوشان
eclectic
ɪˈklektɪk
adjective
including a mixture of many different things or people, especially so that you can use the best of all of them :
▪ an eclectic range of musical styles
گلچین کننده، از هر جا گزیننده، منتخبات
effervescence
ˌefəˈvesns
verb (used without object), effervesced, effervescing.
1.to give off bubbles of gas, as fermenting liquors.
2.to issue forth in bubbles.
3.to show enthusiasm, excitement, liveliness, etc.:
▪ The parents effervesced with pride over their new baby.
reestablished
جوش، گاز (نوشیدنیها)، طراوت و شادی
effete
eˈfiːt
adjective
1 an effete man looks or behaves like a woman
2 weak and powerless in a way that you dislike :
▪ the effete intellectuals in New York society
از کارافتاده، فرسوده، نیروی خود را ازدست داده
dissident
ˈdɪsədənt
noun
someone who publicly criticizes a government or political party in a country where this is not allowed :
▪ political dissidents
▪ a group of dissident writers
مخالف (عقیده عموم)، معاند، ناموافق
doctrinaire
ˌdɑːktrəˈner
adjective
certain that your beliefs or opinions are completely correct, and not willing to change them :
▪ the most doctrinaire of the court’s conservative judges
کسیکه نظریات واصول خود را بدون توجه به مقتضیات میخواهد اجرا کند، اصولی
efficacy
ˈefɪˌkæsi
noun, plural efficacies.
1.capacity for producing a desired result or effect; effectiveness:
▪ a remedy of great efficacy.
▪ One of the reasons for the German collapse on the home front was the efficacy of the blockade.
اثر، تاثیر، سودمندی، درجه تاثیر
effrontery
əˈfrəntəri
noun
behavior that you think someone should be ashamed of, although they do not seem to be :
▪ I can’t believe that they have the effrontery to ask us to help.
جسارت، گستاخی، بیشرمی، چیرگی
egoism
ˈeɡoʊɪzəm
noun
1.the habit of valuing everything only in reference to one’s personal interest; selfishness (opposed to altruism ).
2.egotism or conceit.
3.Ethics. the view that morality ultimately rests on self-interest.
He had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.
خودپرستی، خودخواهی
egotistical
adjective
believing that you are much better or more important than other people :
▪ Rigby often seems egotistical and arrogant.
خودپسندانه ،خودپرستانه ،مبنی برخودپرستی یاخودبینی
elegy
ˈelədʒi
noun
a poem or song written to show sadness for someone or something that does not exist anymore :
▪ a funeral elegy
مرثیه، سوگ شعر
elicit
əˈlɪsət
verb
to get information, a reaction etc. from someone, especially when this is difficult :
▪ Short questions are more likely to elicit a response.
elicit something from somebody
▪ The circus act elicited “oohs” and “ahs” from the crowd.
بیرون کشیدن، استخراج کردن، استنباط کردن
elixir
əˈlɪksər
noun
1.Pharmacology. a sweetened, aromatic solution of alcohol and water containing, or used as a vehicle for, medicinal substances.
2.Also called elixir of life. an alchemic preparation formerly believed to be capable of prolonging life.
3.an alchemic preparation formerly believed to be capable of transmuting base metals into gold.
4.the quintessence or absolute embodiment of anything.
5.a panacea; cure-all; sovereign remedy.
▪ Some conservative commentators held their fire, but not everyone on the right was buying the elixir.
اکسیر، کیمیا
Elysian
ɪˈlɪzɪən
adjective
1.of, relating to, or resembling Elysium.
2.blissful; delightful.
▪ I should like to see Buccellini, however, and have a globule of the Elysian essence.
بهشتی، وابسته به ( elysium )، اهل بهشت، علوی
emaciated
əˈmeɪʃiˌetəd
adjective
extremely thin from lack of food or illness :
▪ The prisoners were sick and emaciated.
لاغر،گوشت رفته
embellish
emˈbelɪʃ
verb
1 to make a story or statement more interesting by adding details that are not true :
▪ Lynn couldn’t help embellishing the story.
2 to make something more beautiful by adding decorations to it
embellish something with something
▪ The dress is embellished with gold threads.
ارایش کردن، ارایش دادن، زینت دادن، زیبا کردن، پیراستن
emollient
iˈmɒliənt
adjective
1.having the power of softening or relaxing, as a medicinal substance; soothing, especially to the skin:
emollient lotions for the face.
2.an emollient medicine, lotion, salve, etc
They eulogised, at the same time, the emollient properties of the dog’s-tooth.
نرم کننده، ملین، لینت اور
empirical
ˌemˈpɪrɪkl̩
adjective
based on scientific testing or practical experience :
▪ empirical evidence
تجربی
emulate
ˈemjəˌlet
verb
1 to try to do something or behave in the same way as someone else, especially because you admire them :
▪ He wanted to emulate the style of trumpet player Bobby Hackett.
2 if one computer or piece of electronic equipment emulates another, it works in a similar way
هم چشمی کردن با، رقابت کردن با، برابری جستن با، پهلو زدن
encomium
ɪnˈkoʊmɪəm
noun
1.a formal expression of high praise; eulogy:
▪ An encomium by the president greeted the returning hero.
▪ I think he stopped earning that encomium in about the summer of 2000.
ثنا، ستایش
endemic
enˈdemɪk
adjective
an endemic disease or problem is always present in a particular place, or among a particular group of people
in/to
▪ Violent crime is now endemic in the area.
مختص یک دیار، بومی، بیماری همه گیربومی، مخصوص ابو هوای یک شهر یا یک کشور
enervate
ˈenəveɪtˈenəv
verb (used with object), enervated, enervating.
1.to deprive of force or strength; destroy the vigor of; weaken.
Synonyms: enfeeble, debilitate, sap, exhaust.
adjective
2.enervated.
▪ They enervate themselves by sensual indulgences, and consume spirits and spices by wholesale.
سست کردن، بی رگ کردن، بی حال کردن، جسما ضعیف کردن، ناتوان کردن، بی اثرکردن
engender
enˈdʒendər
verb
to be the cause of something such as a situation, action, or emotion
engender something in/among somebody
▪ Good teachers try to engender enthusiasm in their
students.
تولید نسل کردن، ابستن شدن (زن)، ایجاد کردن، بوجودآمدن
enhance
enˈhæns
verb to improve something : ▪ We're using technology to enhance our service. ▪ Herbs enhance the flavor of the meat. بالابردن، افزودن، زیادکردن، بلندکردن
entomology
ˌentəˈmɑːlədʒi
noun
1.the branch of zoology dealing with insects.
Write to the Division of entomology, Washington, for bulletins on the chinch bug.
علم حشره شناسی
enunciate
əˈnənsiˌet
verb
1 to pronounce words clearly and carefully
2to express an idea clearly and exactly :
▪ Here, Paul utilizes the principle he enunciated in Chapter 3.
مژده دادن، اعلام کردن، صریحا گفتن، تلفظ کردن
ephemeral
eˈfemərəl
adjective
1.lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory:
the ephemeral joys of childhood.
2.lasting but one day:
an ephemeral flower.
noun
3.anything short-lived, as certain insects.
▪ This unsmoked, wet-cured ham is the sine qua non of Parisian butcher shops: a light, ephemeral meat, sweet but umami.
یکروزه، بیدوام، یومیه
epistemology
əˌpɪstəˈmɑːlədʒi
branch of philosophy tha texamines the nature of knowledge
▪ The problems of knowing and the known are treated in the “ epistemology or Theory of Knowing.”
شناخت شناسی، معرفت شناسی، مبحث ارزش و حدود معرفت
equable
ˈekwəbl̩
adjective 1 calm and not easily annoyed : ▪ her equable temperament 2 having weather or conditions that are neither too hot nor too cold : ▪ an equable climate ملایم، ثابت
equanimity
ˌikwəˈnɪməti
noun
calmness in a difficult situation :
▪ He received the news with surprising equanimity.
متانت، خودداری، ملایمت، ارامی، قرار، قضاوت منصفانه، تعادل فکری، انصاف، عدالت
equivocate
ɪˈkwɪvəˌket
verb (used without object), equivocated, equivocating.
1.to use ambiguous or unclear expressions, usually to avoid commitment or in order to mislead; prevaricate or hedge:
▪ When asked directly for his position on disarmament, the candidate only equivocated.
دوپهلو حرف زدن، زبان بازی کردن، ابهام بکاربردن، دروغ گفتن
errant
ˈerənt
adjective
1 behaving in a bad or irresponsible way :
▪ an errant husband
2 moving in the wrong direction :
▪ Rainer caught the errant pass.
عیار، اواره، سرگردان، حادثه جو، کمراه، منحرف، بدنام
erudite
ˈerəˌdaɪt
adjective
showing a lot of knowledge :
▪ a complex and erudite work
فرجاد، اموزنده، عالم، دانشمند، متبحر، دانشمندانه
esoteric
ˌesoʊˈterɪk
adjective
known and understood by only a few people who have special knowledge about something :
▪ esoteric religious teachings
محرمانه، سری، رمزی، درونی، داخلی، مبهم، مشکوک
essay
eˈseɪ
1 a short piece of writing about a particular subject done for a class at school or college
▪ an essay on democracy and education
2 a short piece of writing giving someone’s ideas about politics, society etc.
▪ Rousseau’s Essay on the Origin of Languages
3 an attempt to do something
into
▪ his first essay into politics
مقاله، انشا، تالیف، مقاله نویسی
estimable
ˈestəməbl̩
adjective
1.worthy of esteem; deserving respect or admiration.
2.capable of being estimated.
▪ To save himself, Nixon nominated the estimable Elliot Richardson to be his new attorney general.
تخمین پذیر، قابل براورد کردن
ethnocentric
ˌeθnoʊˈsentrɪk
noun
1.Sociology. the belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture.
2.a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one’s own.
▪ The most intense patriots are often ethnocentric and chauvinistic.
قوم مدار، نژاد پرست، طرفدار برتری نژادی
etiology
ˌitiˈɑːlədʒi
noun, plural etiologies.
1.Pathology.
2.the study of causation.
3.any study of causes, causation, or causality, as in philosophy, biology, or physics.
▪ Friendship is the trump card in the movement for equality, not etiology.
لادشناسی، سبب و اثرشناسی، مبجث علت و معلول
etymology
ˌetəˈmɑːlədʒi
noun, plural etymologies.
1.the derivation of a word.
2.a chronological account of the birth and development of a particular word or element of a word, often delineating its spread from one language to another and its evolving changes in form and meaning.
3the study of historical linguistic change, especially as manifested in individual words.
▪ Since etymology is epicentral to politics, the new titles that the Republican and Democratic parties choose must be right.
علم اشتقاق لغات، ریشه جویی، صرف
eugenics
juːˈdʒenɪks
study of factors that influence the hereditary qualities of the human race and ways to improve those qualities
Contemporary Examples
▪ Watch a montage of his many references, from SS uniforms, to the Third Reich, to eugenics.
علم اصلاح نژادانسان، به نژادی
eulogy
ˈjuːlədʒi
noun, plural eulogies.
1.a speech or writing in praise of a person or thing, especially a set oration in honor of a deceased person.
2.high praise or commendation.
▪ “The entire film industry is mourning her this week,” said Zanuck’s wife, Lili Fini Zanuck, in a eulogy at the service.
ستایش، مداحی، مدح، ستایشگری، تشویق
euphemism
ˈjuːfəˌmɪzəm
noun
a polite word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one, to avoid shocking or upsetting someone :
▪ “Pass away” is a euphemism for “die.”
حسن تعبیر، استعمال کلمه نیکو و مطلوبی برای موضوع یا کلمه نامطلوبی
euphoria
juːˈfɔːriə
noun
1.a state of intense happiness and self-confidence:
She was flooded with euphoria as she went to the podium to receive her Student Research Award.
2.Psychology. a feeling of happiness, confidence, or well-being sometimes exaggerated in pathological states as mania.
▪ The current gloom is no more realistic than late 1990s euphoria and will fade with the turn of the business cycle.
رضامندی، خوشی، خوشحالی، رضایت، مشاط
euthanasia
ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə
noun
the painless killing of people who are very sick or very old in order to stop them from suffering SYN mercy killing
▪ Judge Posner is both an enthusiastic advocate of
euthanasia and an energetic eugenicist.
مرگ اسان، مرگ یا قتل کسانی که دچار مرض سخت ولاعلاجند(برای تخفیف درد انها)
evince
ɪˈvɪns
verb
to show a feeling or quality very clearly in what you do or say :
▪ He has evinced little interest in the job so far.
نشان دادن، معلوم کردن، ابراز داشتن، موجب شدن، برانگیختن
evocative
ɪˈvɑːkətɪv
adjective
producing a strong feeling in someone, either by reminding them of something or making them imagine something :
▪ an evocative description
of
▪ the car’s styling is evocative of the 1930s
احضارکننده، مهیج
exacerbate
ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪt
verb
to make a bad situation worse :
▪ Tiredness can exacerbate the symptoms.
▪ His comments have exacerbated racial tensions in the city.
بدترکردن، تشدید کردن، برانگیختن
exact
ɪgˈzækt
adjective
1 completely correct in every detail SYN precise :
▪ Doctors do not know the exact cause of the disease.
▪ What were his exact words? the exact location/position/spot etc.
2 used to emphasize that something is the same as something else :
▪ That’s the exact color I’ve been looking for.
▪ He came in at the exact moment I mentioned his name.
3 used to emphasize that what you are saying is correct in every detail :
▪ It was more than 20 years ago, to be exact.
بزور مطالبه کردن، بزور گرفتن، تحمیل کردن بر، درست، کامل، صحیح، عین، عینا
exculpate
ˌekˈskəlpet
verb (used with object), exculpated, exculpating.
1.to clear from a charge of guilt or fault; free from blame; vindicate.
▪ I did not attempt to answer the colonel, nor to exculpate myself; indeed, any appeal to him would have been of no avail.
تبرئه کردن، مبراکردن، روسفیدکردن، معذورداشتن
exhort
ɪgˈzɔːrt
verb
to try very hard to persuade someone to do something, especially through a speech
exhort somebody to do something
▪ He exhorted the workers to end the strike.
نصحیت کردن، تشویق و ترغیب کردن
exhort
ɪgˈzɔːrt
verb
to try very hard to persuade someone to do something, especially through a speech
exhort somebody to do something
▪ He exhorted the workers to end the strike.
نصحیت کردن، تشویق و ترغیب کردن
exigency
ˌekˈsɪdʒənsi
noun, plural exigencies.
1.exigent state or character; urgency.
2.Usually, exigencies. the need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a circumstance, condition, etc.:
▪ the exigencies of city life.
3.a case or situation that demands prompt action or remedy; emergency:
▪ He promised help in any exigency.
ایجاب، لزوم، ضرورت، اضطرار، پیشامد
existential
ˌekˌsɪˈstent͡ʃəl
adjective
1 existentialist relating to existentialism :
▪ an existential novel
2 relating to the existence of humans and human experience
وجودی، مربوط به هستی
exorcise
ˈeksɔːrˌsaɪz
verb
1 to forget or be able to deal with bad memories or bad experiences, or to make someone do this : exorcise demons/ghosts etc.
▪ Starting my own family has helped exorcise the demons of my past.
2 to try to force evil spirits to leave a place or someone’s body by using special words and ceremonies
اخراج کردن (ارواح پلید)، تطهیر کردن، دفع کردن
expatiate
ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt
ex‧pa‧ti‧ate verb expatiate on/upon something phrasal verb
to speak or write in detail about a particular subject :
▪ Bill likes to expatiate on the benefits of a free market economy.
اطناب کردن، به تفصیل شرح دادن
expatriate
ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt
verb (used with object), expatriated, expatriating.
1.to banish (a person) from his or her native country.
2.to withdraw (oneself) from residence in one’s native country.
3.to withdraw (oneself) from allegiance to one’s country.
verb (used without object), expatriated, expatriating.
4.to become an expatriate:
He expatriated from his homeland.
adjective
5.expatriated; exiled.
▪ Today, we look at print from the refreshed point of view of an expatriate who sees the old country with new eyes.
اطناب کردن، به تفصیل شرح دادن
expiate
ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt
verb
to do something to show that you are sorry and to improve the situation after you have done something wrong :
▪ Maybe he was looking for a way to expiate his guilt.
اطناب کردن، به تفصیل شرح دادن
explicate
ˈeksplɪkeɪt
verb
to explain a work of literature, an idea etc. in detail :
▪ It’s not easy to explicate a poem.
تفسیرکردن، تاویل کردن، توضیح دادن، روشن کردن، ظاهرکردن
expository
ɪkˈspɑːzɪtɔːriː
Adjective
relating to exposition in writing or speech :
▪ expository writing
توضیحی، تفسیری، نمایشی
extemporaneous
ekˌstempəˈreɪnɪəs
adjective
spoken or done without any preparation or practice :
▪ an extemporaneous speech
فیالبداهه، بیآمادگی، بیآماد، فیالمجلس
extemporaneous
ekˌstempəˈreɪnɪəs
adjective
spoken or done without any preparation or practice :
▪ an extemporaneous speech
فیالبداهه، بیآمادگی، بیآماد، فیالمجلس
extirpate
ˈekstərˌpet
verb (used with object), extirpated, extirpating.
1.to remove or destroy totally; do away with; exterminate.
2.to pull up by or as if by the roots; root up:
to extirpate an unwanted hair.
▪ Without irreparable injury to ourselves we cannot attempt to eradicate it or extirpate it.
زبن کندن، ریشه کن کردن، ازبین بردن، بکلی نابودکردن
extraneous
ekˈstreɪniəs
adjective 1 not important, or not directly related to a particular subject or problem SYN irrelevant : ▪ extraneous details 2coming from outside : ▪ extraneous military forces
خارجی، خارج از قلمرو چیزی، غیراصلی، تصادفی، فرعی
extrapolation
ɪkˌstræpəˈleɪʃn̩
noun
1.an act or instance of inferring an unknown from something that is known.
2.Statistics, Mathematics. the act or process of estimating the value of a variable or function outside the tabulated or observed range.
▪ An extrapolation from the fact that there was vegetation below.
برون یابی
extrinsic
ekˈstrɪnsɪk
adjective
coming from the outside, or not directly related to something ; OPP intrinsic :
▪ Some students need extrinsic rewards to motivate them to learn (= they need rewards such as money or gifts, instead of the reward of learning something ) .
دارای مبدا خارجی، بیرونی، خارجی، فرعی، جزئی،ضمیمه، اتفاقی، تصادفی، عارضی
facetious
fəˈsiːʃəs
adjective
saying things that are intended to be funny but which are really silly and annoying and not appropriate in a serious situation SYN tongue-in-cheek :
▪ The comment was clearly meant to be facetious.
شوخ، لوس، اهل شوخی بیجا
facilitate
fəˈsɪləˌtet
verb
to make it easier for a process or activity to happen :
▪ Dividing students into small groups helps facilitate discussion.
اسان کردن، تسهیل کردن، کمک کردن
factotum
fækˈtoʊtəm
noun
1.a person, as a handyman or servant, employed to do all kinds of work around the house.
2.any employee or official having many different responsibilities.
ادم همه کاره، خدمتکار
fallacious
fəˈleɪʃəs
adjective
containing or based on false ideas :
▪ a fallacious argument
غلط، سفسطه آمیز
fatuous
ˈfæt͡ʃəwəs
adjective
stupid or foolish :
▪ fatuous speeches
احمق، بیشعور
fallow
ˈfæˌloʊ
adjective
1 fallow land is dug or plow ed but is not used for growing crops :
▪ The land lies fallow (= is left unused ) for two years.
2 not doing anything or not working SYN inactive :
▪ a two-year fallow period
زرد کمرنگ، غیره مزروع (زمین)، ایش، زمین شخم شده ونکاشته، بایر گذاشته، ایش کردن شخم کردن
fauna
ˈfɒnə
animals of a period o region
▪ The area is a disturbed wetland, invaded by non-native melaleuca trees that have crowded out native flora and fauna.
کلیه جانوران یک سرزمین یایک زمان، حیوانات یک اقلیم، جانور نامه، جانداران، زیا
fawning
ˈfɒn
verb
to praise someone and be friendly to them in an insincere way, because you want them to like you or give you something
on/over
▪ People were fawning over him, hoping for tickets.
اهوبره، رشا، گوزن، حنایی، بچه زاییدن (اهویاگوزن)، اظهار دوستی کردن، تملق گفتن
felicitous
fəˈlɪsətəs
adjective
well-chosen, appropriate, and pleasing :
▪ Lincoln’s felicitous words about government
به موقع، بجا، درخور، به هنگام، شایسته، مناسب
feral
ˈferəl
adjective
feral animals used to live with humans but have become wild :
▪ a pack of feral dogs
شکاری، حیوان شکاری، وحشی، مهلک، وابسته به تشییع جنازه، کفن ودفنی
fervor
ˈfɜːrvər
noun
very strong belief or feeling :
▪ patriotic fervor
حرارت شدید، اشتیاق شدید، گرمی، التهاب
fetid
ˈfetəd
adjective
having a strong, bad smell :
▪ the fetid streets of the slum
گندیده، بدبو، متعفن، دارای بوی زننده، گند دهانگندیده، بدبو، متعفن، دارای بوی زننده، گند دهان
fetter
ˈfetər
1 to restrict someone’s freedom and prevent them from doing what they want to do :
▪ The industry is fettered by debt.
2 to put chains on a prisoner’s hands or feet
بخو، پابند، زنجیر، (مجازا) قید، مانع، مقید کردن، درزیر غل وزنجیر اوردن
