1100 Words Flashcards
Weeks 1 ~ 46
abound
[əˈbaʊnd]
to exist in very large numbers or quantities :
▪ Stories of illegal business dealings abounded.
▪ Good restaurants abound in the area.
فراوان بودن، زیاد بودن، وفور داشتن، تعیین حدودکردن، محدود کردن
automaton
[ɒˈtɑːməˌtɑːn]
1 someone who seems to be unable to feel emotions
2 a machine, especially one in the shape of a human, that moves without anyone controlling it
▪ i wish i could make beats like automaton
ماشین، ماشین خودکار
badger
[ˈbædʒər]
to pester; nag; annoy persistently
,Medium sized creatures with black and white coloration. Have been known to congregate and dance. Apparently like mushrooms, but not snakes.
▪ “Stop badgering her, she’s not interested in buying another pair of your cheap trainers.”
دستفروش، دورهگرد، خرده فروش، (جانورشناسی). گورکن،خرسک، شغاره( mustelidae )، (. vt ): سربسر گذاشتن، اذیت کردن، ازار کردن
compound
[kɑːmpaʊnd]
1 an area that contains a group of buildings and is surrounded by a fence or wall :
▪ a prison compound
▪ the U.S. Embassy compound
2 a substance containing atoms from two or more element s that together make a different substance. There has to be a fixed quantity of atoms. For example, water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen for every one atom of oxygen :
▪ an organic compound
3 something that consists of a combination of two or more substances :
▪ a rubber compound
4in grammar, a noun, adjective, or verb made up of two or more words. For example, the noun “ice cream” is a compound.
مرکب، چند جزئی، جسم مرکب، لفظ مرکب، بلور دوتایی
محوطه، عرصه، حیاط، ترکیب، جسم مرکب
ترکیب کردن، آمیختن
eminent
[emənənt]
famous and admired by many people :
▪ an eminent anthropologist
برجسته، بلند، متعال، (مجازا) بزرگ، والا مقام، هویدا
implore
[ˌɪmˈplɔːr]
to ask for something in an emotional way SYN beg
implore somebody to do something
▪ The U.N. implored both groups to end the violence.
درخواست کردن از، عجز و لابه کردن به، التماس کردن به، استغاثه کردن از
indiscriminate
ˌ[ɪndəˈskrɪmənət]
1 indiscriminate killing, violence, damage etc. is done without any thought about who is harmed or what is damaged :
▪ the indiscriminate killing of civilians
2not thinking carefully before you make a choice
ناشی از عدم تبعیض، خالی از تبعیض، یکسره
interminable
[ˌɪnˈtɜːrmənəbl̩]
very long and boring :
▪ the professor’s interminable lectures
پایان ناپذیر، تمام نشدنی، بسیار دراز
paradox
[ˈperəˌdɑːks]
seemingly self-contradictory situation
▪ Those opposite-facing fish of your sign are the perfect expression of paradox.
قولِ تناقض آمیز، جمع اضداد، ضد و نقیض، تناقض گویی، تعارض، شطحیه، لغزواره، فراباور
paradox
[perəˌdɑːks]
noun
1 a situation that seems strange because it involves two ideas or qualities that are opposite or very different :
▪ It’s a paradox that in such a rich country there is so much poverty.
2 a statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas that are both true
3 the use of such statements in writing or speech
قولِ تناقض آمیز، جمع اضداد، ضد و نقیض، تناقض گویی، تعارض، شطحیه، لغزواره، فراباور
perceive
[pərˈsiːv]
verb
1 to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way
▪ The tax system was widely perceived (= perceived by many people ) as unfair.
2 to notice something, especially something that is difficult to notice :
▪ Emma perceived a slight bitterness in his tone.
3 technical to be able to see something :
▪ Cats are not able to perceive color.
درک کردن، دریافتن، مشاهده کردن، دیدن، ملاحظه کردن
prognosticate
[prɑːgˈnɑːstəˌket]
to be able to tell what will happen in the future
پیش بینی کردن، تشخیص دادن قبلی مرض
realm
[ˈrelm]
noun
1 a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought :
▪ the spiritual realm
2 within the realm(s) of possibility possible :
▪ I didn’t think college was even in the realms of possibility for me.
3 politics a country ruled over by a king or queen
قلمرو سلطان، متصرفات، مملکت، ناحیه
steeped
to be stressed out, overwhelmed, or generally worn out. like how the tea bag feels after sitting in hot water for so long. to be used as an adjective when describing someone.
▪ My roommate is so steeped right now with finals and everything.
, When your balls get dunked in water after flushing a clogged toilet while seated.
▪ Dude, the school’s toilet was clogged and when I flushed I got steeped in that nasty water.
replete
[riˈpliːt]
adjective
1 containing a lot of something
with
▪ a military ceremony replete with honors
2 old-fashioned so full of food or drink that you want no more
کاملا پر، لبریز، چاق، تکمیل، انباشته
tinge
[ˈtɪndʒ]
noun
a very small amount of a color, emotion, or quality
▪ She had a tinge of sadness in her voice.
رنگ کم، رنگ جزیی، سایه رنگ، کمی رنگ زدن
voracious
[vɒˈreɪʃəs]
adjective
1 eating or wanting large quantities of food :
▪ Kids can have voracious appetites .
2 extremely eager to read books, gain knowledge etc. :
▪ a voracious reader
سبع، پرخور، حریص، پرولع، خیلی گرسنه
to eat humble pie
[ˈhʌmbəlˈpaɪ]
to admit your error and apologize
to act very humble when one is shown to be wrong.
▪ I think I’m right, but if I’m wrong, I’ll eat humble pie. You think you’re so smart. I hope you have to eat
فروتنی کردن (به ویژه با توبه و اذعان به لغزشهای خود)، خود را حقیر کردن
a pig in a poke
an item you purchase without having seen; a disappointment
, a pig in a poke something you bought without seeing it first and that is not as good or valuable as you expected
, The idiom pig in a poke can also simply refer to someone buying a low-quality pig in a bag because he or she did not carefully check what was in the bag
a flash in the pan
promising at the start but then disappointing
, A transient occurrence with no long-term effect.
▪ The concept turned out to be merely a flash in the pan and is no longer used.
,A career notable for early success not followed by significant accomplishment.
▪ He was named best new director of 1940, but his career was a flash in the pan.
accost
[əˈkɒst]
to go toward someone you do not know and speak to them in an impolite or threatening way :
▪ Two men accosted her in front of her apartment building.
مخاطب ساختن، مواجه شدن(با)، نزدیک شدن(بهر منظوری)،مشتری جلب کردن(زنان بدکار در خیابان)، نزدیک کشیدن، در امت داد چیزی حرکت کردن(مثل کشتی)
adroit
[əˌdrɔɪt]
smart and skillful, especially in the way you use words and arguments :
▪ an adroit negotiator
▪ He adroitly turned the conversation to a new topic.
زرنگ، زبر دست، زیرک، ماهر، چابک، چالاک، تردست، چیره دست
to pour oil on troubled waters
To calm something or someone who is tenacious or misbehaving.
▪ better go pour oil on those troubled waters the children are making over there.
cajole
[kəˈdʒoʊl]
verb
to gradually persuade someone to do something by being nice to them or making promises to them
▪ Jacobs finally cajoled Beecher into taking the job.
ریشخندکردن، گول زدن، چاپلوسی، گول
enhance
[enˈhæns]
verb to make greater; intensify; heighten ,to improve something : ▪ We're using technology to enhance our service. ▪ Herbs enhance the flavor of the meat. بالابردن، افزودن، زیادکردن، بلندکردن
fabricate
[ˈfæbrəˌket]
verb
1 to invent a story, piece of information etc. in order to deceive someone SYN make up :
▪ Branson later admitted that he had fabricated the whole story.
2 technical to make or produce goods or equipment SYN manufacture :
▪ The discs are expensive to fabricate.
ساختن، بافتن و از کار در آوردن، تقلید و جعل کردن
felon
[felən]
noun
someone who is guilty of a serious crime :
▪ Our prisons are so overcrowded that convicted felons walk free.
بزهکار، گناهکار، جانی، جنایت کار
furtive
[fɜːrtɪv]
adjective
sly; secret; stealthy
, behaving as if you want to keep something secret :
▪ She was having a furtive affair with a cameraman.
▪ Tim and Joanie exchanged furtive glances across the room.
دزدکی، زیر جلی، پنهان، نهانی، مخفی، رمزی
gesticulate
[dʒeˈstɪkjʊleɪt]
to make movements with your arms and hands, usually while speaking, because you are excited, angry, or cannot think of the right words to use :
▪ Jane shouted and gesticulated wildly.
با سر و دست اشاره کردن، ضمن صحبت اشارات سر و دستبکار بردن، باژست فهماندن
hapless
[hæpləs]
adjective
literary unlucky :
▪ Several hapless hikers got caught in the snowstorm.
بیچاره
intrepid
[ɪnˈtrepəd]
adjective
willing to do dangerous things or go to dangerous places:
▪ intrepid explorers
با جرات، دلیر، شجاع، بی باک، بی ترس، مته ور
irate
[aɪˈreɪt]
extremely angry, especially because you have been treated unfairly :
▪ an irate customer
, angry; incensed
خشمگین، خشمناک
laconic
[ləˈkɒnɪk]
adjective
tending to use only a few words when you talk
▪ A laconic phrase or laconism is a concise or terse statement, especially a blunt and elliptical rejoinder
کم حرف، مختصر گو، کوتاه، موجز
nuance
[ˈnuːans]
noun
a very slight hardly noticeable difference in manner, color, meaning etc. :
▪ He was aware of every nuance in her voice.
▪ subtle nuances of meaning
فرق جزئی، اختلاف مختصر، نکات دقیق وظریف
plethora
[pleθərə]
A lot, a cornicopia, myrid, an abundance
▪ There are a plethora of oppertunities in the future
ازدیاد خون در یک نقطه، افراط، ازدیاد
pretext
[priːˌtekst]
a reason given for an action, used in order to hide your real intentions
▪ The incident provided the pretext for war.
▪ They used “poor performance” as a pretext to fire him.
بهانه، عذر، دستاویز، مستمسک، بهانه اوردن
rudimentary
[ˌruːdəˈmentəri]
pertaining to rudiments or first principles; elementary:
a rudimentary knowledge of geometry.
▪ The men chattered jovially but quickly turned sour when asked about the civilian implications of their rudimentary weaponry.
ناقص، اولیه، بدوی، ابتدایی
avid
[ævəd]
adjective
doing something as much as you can, because you enjoy it very much :
▪ an avid sailor
▪ an avid supporter of the arts an avid fan (= someone who likes a particular activity, type of music etc. very much )
(Adjective) حریص، ازمند، مشتاق، ارزومند، متمایل
reticent
[ˈretəsənt]
adjective
unwilling to talk about what you feel or what you know
about
▪ Shaw has always been reticent about discussing his private life.
محتاط در سخن، کم گو
throng
[ˈθrɒŋ]
great number of people, crowd
▪ He arrived to see about 200 people, mostly young men, gathering in a throng.
گروه، جمعیت، ازدحام، هجوم، ازدحام کردن
vigilant
[vɪdʒələnt]
adjective
giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity :
▪ Travelers should be vigilant at all times.
مراقب، هوشیار، گوش بزنگ، بیدار، حساس
Pyrrhic victory
[ˈpɪrɪkˈvɪktəri]
a victory in which the person who wins suffers so much that the victory was hardly worth winning
▪ That sounds like a setup for what is known as a Pyrrhic victory.
(پیروزی توام با تلفات و خسارات زیاد) برد پر زیان، برد برابر با باخت، پیروزی بیفایده، پیروزی شکست آمیز
a wet blanket
[ˈwetˈblæŋkət]
one who spoils the fun; killjoy; spoilsport
,A negative person who tends to ruin other people’s good times.
▪ Don’t let Joseph come on the Vegas trip, he’s only going to be a wet blanket and take the fun out of
everything.
پتوی خیسی که برای خاموش کردن اتش بکار رود، مایه یاس، نا امید کردن
to beard the lion
to visit and oppose a person on his own grounds
▪ Risks very often don’t turn out well, but if you don’t face them and beard the lion, you will never achieve the success you truly desire.
bristle
[ˈbrɪsl̩]
1 one of the short, stiff, coarse hairs of certain animals, especially hogs, used extensively in making brushes.
2 to stand or rise stiffly, like bristles.
Americans tend to bristle even at self-censorship; we are ▪ reluctant to declare that we simply are not going to look at something.
▪ She continued to bristle at being associated with the Mafia because of her father.
موی زبر، موی سیخ، موی خوک، سیخ شدن، رویه تجاوزکارانه داشتن، اماده جنگ شدن
caustic
[ˈkɑːstɪk]
adjective
1 a caustic remark criticizes someone in a way that is unkind but often humorous : caustic comment/humor/criticism etc.
▪ her caustic descriptions of her co-workers
▪ During a visitation on August 14, a caustic and angry Casey reared her head and jurors were seen taking notes.
(مجازا) نیشدار، تند، تیز، هجو آمیز، سوزش اور
cessation
[ˌseˈseɪʃn̩]
a temporary or complete stopping; discontinuance:
a cessation of hostilities.
▪ If any deeper good comes of the gaffe, it would be a cessation of such appearances.
ایست، توقف، انقطاع، پایان
condolence
[kənˈdoʊləns]
Often, condolences. expression of sympathy with a person who is suffering sorrow, misfortune, or grief.
▪ Before Mr. Chen left the museum, he signed a condolence book by the corner library.
همدردی، تسلیت، اظهار تاسف
dupe
[duːp]
an easily fooled person
,a person who unquestioningly or unwittingly serves a cause or another person:
a dupe of the opponents.
▪ Anyone who disagreed with their thinking, including fellow Republicans, was a traitor, or a liar, or a dupe.
ادم گول خور، ساده لوح، گول زدن
euphemism
[ˈjuːfəˌmɪzəm]
the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt.
▪ History is likely to dispense with the euphemism of “mowing the lawn” and call this what it is: perpetual war
حسن تعبیر، استعمال کلمه نیکو و مطلوبی برای موضوع یا کلمه نامطلوبی.
inadvertent
[ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt]
due to an oversight, negligent
▪ Soon Lehrer was owning up to what he claimed were inadvertent errors.
سهو، غیر عمدی
incipient
[ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt]
starting to happen or exist :
▪ an incipient drinking problem
نخستین، بدوی، اولیه، مرحله ابتدایی
incongruous
[ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt]
having inconsistent elements
▪ He does not take umbrage at the incongruous presence of the housekeeper in a presidential suite that is still occupied.
نخستین، بدوی، اولیه، مرحله ابتدایی
infamous
[ˈɪnfəməs]
well known for being bad or morally evil SYN notorious :
▪ an infamous killer
▪ This area is infamous for drugs and prostitution.
▪ The artist formerly known as President Fitz is slated to bring the infamous polygamist to life in an upcoming Lifetime movie.
رسوا، بد نام، مفتضح، پست، نفرت انگیز شنیع، رسوای یاور، ننگین، بدنام
jostle
[ˈdʒɑːsl̩]
to push or knock against someone, especially in a crowd
▪ Three people were hurt as the crowd jostled each other for a better view.
تنه، هل، تکان، تنه زدن
lackluster
[ˈlæˌkləstər]
adjective
not very exciting, impressive etc. SYN dull :
▪ lackluster economic growth
بی نور، تاریک، بدون زرق وبرق، تار وبی برق
loathe
[loʊð]
verb
to hate someone or something very much SYN detest :
▪ Judy loathes her ex-husband.
نفرت داشتن از، بیزار بودن، بد دانستن، منزجر بودن،بیزار کردن، سب بیزاری شدن
mundane
[mənˈdeɪn]
1 common; ordinary; banal; unimaginative.
2.of or relating to this world or earth as contrasted with heaven; worldly; earthly:
▪ mundane affairs.
3.of or relating to the world, universe, or earth.
▪ The acts ranged from the mundane to the unexpected: Assisted a tourist with directions because he looked lost.
این جهانی، دنیوی، خاکی
ominous
[ˈɑːmənəs]
1 portending evil or harm; foreboding; threatening; inauspicious:
▪ an ominous bank of dark clouds.
2.indicating the nature of a future event, for good or evil; having the significance of an omen; being a portent:
▪ Some of these events were immediately ominous, while others only later revealed themselves as such.
بدشگون، نامیمون، شوم، بدیمن
reprimand
[ɑːmənəs]
verb
to tell someone officially that something they have done is very wrong
▪ The officer was officially reprimanded for insulting a local woman.
بدشگون، نامیمون، شوم، بدیمن
repudiate
[riˈpjuːdiˌet]
verb
1 to disagree strongly with someone or something and refuse to have any association with them or it SYN reject : ▪ Government officials repudiated the treaty.
2 to state or show formally that something is not true or not correct SYN deny :
▪ He repudiated the allegations of bribery.
رد کردن، انکار کردن، منکر شدن
stipulate
[ˈstɪpjəˌlet]
verb
to say that something must be done, when you are making an agreement or offer
stipulate that
▪ His will stipulated that his fortune be given to his two daughters.
میثاق بستن، پیمان بستن، تصریح کردن
tremulous
[ˈtremjələs]
1 (of persons, the body, etc.) characterized by trembling, as from fear, nervousness, or weakness.
2.timid; timorous; fearful.
3.(of things) vibratory, shaking, or quivering.
4.(of writing) done with a trembling hand.
Origin of tremulous
▪ This year that tremulous feeling of going to the airport became different.
▪ That tremulous “uhhhh,” which lasted more than a full second, gave the game away.
لرزنده، تحریر دار، لرزش دار، مرتعش، بیمناک
wrest
[ˈrest]
verb
1 to take power or influence away from someone, especially when this is difficult :
▪ Democrats hoped to wrest control of Congress from the Republicans.
2 to pull something away from someone violently :
▪ He wrested the gun from his assailant.
گرداندن، پیچاندن، چلاندن (پارچه)، زور اوردن، فشاراوردن، واداشتن، بزور قاپیدن و غصب کردن، چرخش،پیچش، گردش
crocodile tears
[krɑːkəˌdaɪltɪrz]
1 (used with a plural verb) a hypocritical show of sorrow; insincere tears.
2.(used with a singular verb) Pathology. spontaneous tearing initiated by tasting or chewing food, occurring as a result of facial paralysis.
▪ When I use the word crocodile I am not hinting at savage instincts or crocodile tears.
▪ Come, come; don’t stand there shedding your crocodile tears; you are found out, and may as well leave off shamming any more.
اشک تمساح، اشک دروغی
to carry the day
[ˈkæri]
to be the person or thing that is most successful or best liked :
▪ In the end her argument carried the day.
▪ The Republicans carried the day (= won the election ) .
Skid Row
[ˈskɪdˈroʊ]
disreputable part of town, inhabited by derelicts and people
▪ Its origins are on Madison Avenue, that is, not skid row or even Main Street.
محله مشروب فروشهای ارزان، ناحیه پست
to go up in smoke
to come to no practical result
if a plan or some work goes up in smoke, it is spoiled or wasted
▪ Then his business went bankrupt and 20 years of hard work went up in smoke.
▪ The research project was canceled, and five years of hard work went up in smoke.
alacrity
[əˈlækrəti]
1cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness:
▪ We accepted the invitation with alacrity.
2.liveliness; briskness.
چابکی، نشاط
aspirant
[ˈæspərənt]
noun
someone who hopes to get a position of importance or honor
▪ This is where the votes are and where aspirant politicians have to aim much of their agenda.
جویا، طالب، داوطلب کار یا مقام، ارزومند، حروف حلقی
belligerent
[bəˈlɪdʒərənt]
adjective
1 very unfriendly and mean, and wanting to argue or fight :
▪ George was drunk and belligerent.
2 a belligerent country is at war with another country
متحارب، متخاصم، جنگجو، داخل درجنگ
belittle
[bəˈlɪtl̩]
verb
to make someone or something seem small or unimportant :
▪ She always belittled my efforts to speak French.
▪ The Fox News host seemed to belittle Laura Ingraham during an on-air clash about same-sex marriage.
کسی را کوچک کردن، تحقیر نمودن، کم ارزش کردن
brash
[ˈbræʃ]
adjective
1 behaving in a way that is too confident and determined, and often speaking too loudly or behaving rudely :
▪ a very brash young man
2 a brash building, place, or object attracts attention by being very colorful, large, exciting etc., often in a way that people do not like :
▪ The painting was bold, brash, and modern.
عجول و بی پروا، مته ور، گستاخ، بی حیا، بی شرم
castigate
[ˈkæstəˌɡet]
VERB
to criticize or punish someone severely SYN chastise
castigate somebody for doing something
▪ In his speech, he castigated the president for being soft on drugs.
تنبیه کردن، شدیدا انتقاد کردن
disdain
[ˌdɪˈsdeɪn]
noun
a complete lack of respect that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough SYN contempt
for
▪ They expressed disdain for Western pop culture.
▪ She spoke of her ex-husband with disdain .
اهانت، استغنا، عار (دانی)، تحقیر، خوار شمردن
dregs
[ˈdreɡz]
most worthless part
▪ The fish dies and is brought back to life—along with grandpa—with the dregs of a bag of chips.
درد ( dord )، باقی مانده، چیز پست وبی ارزش
feint
ˈfeɪnt]
a false attack; pretense; sham
▪ Earl pretended to be making violent efforts to hurl Ensal off of himself, but this was merely a feint.
وانمود، نمایش دروغی، تظاهر، خدعه، فریب، (نظامی)حمله خدعه آمیز، وانمود کردن
frenzy
[ˈfrenzi]
noun
1 the state of being very anxious, excited, and unable to control your behavior :
▪ Gaetz’s last minute goal sent the crowd into a frenzy
▪ a frenzy of looting and killing
2 a period in which people do a lot of things very quickly
▪ Rumors of their divorce stirred up a frenzy of media attention.
دیوانه کردن، شوریده کردن، اشفتن، دیوانگی انی، شوریدگی، هیجان
laceration
[ˌlæsəˈreɪʃn̩]
noun
a serious cut in your skin or flesh
▪ multiple lacerations to the upper arms
دریدگی، پارگی
intimidate
[ˌɪnˈtɪməˌdet]
verb
1 to frighten someone by behaving in a threatening way, especially in order to make them do what you want :
▪ The gang had been intimidating passengers on the subway.
2 to make someone feel worried and less confident :
▪ Large audiences don’t intimidate him.
ترساندن، مرعوب کردن، تشر زدن به، نهیب زدن به
octogenarian
[ˌɑːktədʒəˈneriən]
person of eighty
▪ The octogenarian Congressman is facing a tough primary against younger opponents.
هشتاد ساله، وابسته به ادم ۸۰ ساله
promulgate
[proˈməlɡet]
make public, proclaim
▪ The federal and state governments, at their core, establish laws and promulgate rules.
اعلام کردن، انتشار دادن، ترویج کردن
pugnacious
[pəgˈnæʃəs]
adjective
very eager to argue or fight with people
▪ He served as a pugnacious and dedicated leader of the opposition.
جنگجو، ستیزه گر
scoff
[skɒf]
verb
to laugh at a person or idea, and talk about them in a way that shows you think they are stupid
at
▪ Parker scoffed at the movie’s critics.
تمسخر، طنز، طعنه، ریشخند، استهزا ، اهانت وارداوردن، تمسخر کردن
scurrilous
[ˈskɜːrələs]
adjective
scurrilous remarks, articles etc. contain damaging and untrue statements about someone
▪ This fellow writes in the most scurrilous newspapers; you have told me so yourself.
فحاش، بد دهن، ناسزا گو
solace
[ˈsɑːləs]
noun
a feeling of emotional comfort at a time of great sadness or disappointment :
▪ After his wife’s death, Rob sought solace in religion.
تسلیت خاطر، مایه تسلی، ارامش، تسکین، ارام کردن،تسلی دادن، تسلیت گفتن
sordid
[ˈsɔːrdəd]
adjective 1 involving immoral or dishonest behavior : ▪ a sordid affair 2 very dirty and disgusting : ▪ the sordid slums of modern cities پست، خسیس، چرک، کثیف، دون، شلخته، هرزه
tangible
[ˈtændʒəbl̩]
adjective
1 easy to see or notice, so that there is no doubt ; OPP intangible :
▪ the tangible benefits of the new system
▪ The wins are tangible proof of her skill as a coach.
2 able to be seen and touched :
▪ tangible personal property
▪ The former of these two is love that expresses itself by tangible material aid.
قابل لمس، محسوس، پر ماس پذیر، لمس کردنی
to throw down the gauntlet
to challenge someone to an argument or to (figurative) combat.
▪ When Bob chal— lenged my conclusions, he threw down the gauntlet. I was ready for an argument. Frowning at Bob is the same as throwing down the gauntlet. He loves to get into a fight about something.
feeling no pain
numbed by alcohol and feeling nothing; intoxicated. She fell off the wagon and is feeling no pain.
▪ He drank the whole thing, and he’s feeling no pain.
Hobson’s choice
[ˈhɑːbsənzˌt͡ʃɔɪs]
the choice between taking what is offered and getting nothing at all. (From the name of a stable owner in the seventeenth century who always hired out the horse nearest the door.)
▪ We didn’t really want that particular hotel, but it was a case of Hobson’s choice. We booked very late and there was nothing else left. If you want a yellow car, it’s Hobson’s choice. The garage has only one.
انتخاب از روی ناچاری، ناگزیر، پیشنهادی که چاره ایجز قبول ان نیست
to rule the roost
to be in charge, to be master
▪ Who rules the roost at your house? Our new office manager really rules the roost.
acrimonious
[ˌækrəˈmoʊniəs]
adjective
an acrimonious meeting, argument etc. is full of angry remarks because people feel very strongly about something :
▪ an acrimonious divorce
تند، زننده، سوزان
admonish
[ædˈmɑːnɪʃ]
verb
1 to tell someone severely to change their behavior because they have done something wrong or unacceptable
▪ The witness was admonished for refusing to answer the question.
2 to advise someone very strongly to do something or not to do something
▪ Companies have been admonished to write documents in language the public can understand.
نصیحت کردن، پند دادن، اگاه کردن، متنبه کردن، وعظ کردن
clandestine
[klænˈdestən]
adjective
clandestine activities or organizations are secret, and often illegal :
▪ a clandestine meeting
مخفی، غیرمشروع، زیرجلی
concur
[kənˈkɜːr]
verb
to agree with someone or have the same opinion as them :
▪ “I think we should sell the building.” “I concur.”
▪ The board members concurred with the recommendations.
2 to happen at the same time SYN coincide :
▪ Everything concurred to produce the desired effect.
موافقت کردن، هم رای بودن، دمساز شدن
construe
[kənˈstruː]
verb
1 construe something as something to understand a remark or action in a particular way ; OPP misconstrue :
▪ Winston acknowledged that his comments could be construed as racist.
2 to translate each word in a piece of writing, especially one in Greek or Latin
تفسیر کردن، تعبیر کردن، استنباط کردن
تفسیر کردن، تعبیر کردن، استنباط کردن
culprit
[ˈkəlprət]
noun
1 someone who is guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong :
▪ The FBI was called in to help track down the culprits.
2 the reason for or cause of a particular problem or difficulty :
▪ Plaque is the culprit that causes tooth decay.
متهم، مقصر، ادم خطاکار یا مجرم
duplicity
[duːˈplɪsəti]
noun
dishonest behavior that is intended to deceive someone
He was irritated, too, by a suspicion of duplicity in the members of the force.
دورویی، دورنگی، تزویر، ریا، دولایی
duplicity
[duːˈplɪsəti]
noun
dishonest behavior that is intended to deceive someone
▪ This perpetual atmosphere of duplicity was positively distasteful.
دورویی، دورنگی، تزویر، ریا، دولایی
duress
[ˈdʊres]
noun
illegal or unfair threats :
▪ The confession was made under duress (= as a result of illegal or unfair threats ) .
سختی، سفتی، محکمی، شدت، رفتار خشن وتند، اکراه، اجبار
egregious
[ɪˈɡriːdʒəs]
adjective
an egregious mistake, failure, problem etc. is extremely bad and noticeable :
▪ The situation at Zefco was one of the most egregious examples of discrimination we have seen.
فاحش، بزرگ، برجسته، نمایان، انگشت نما
elicit
[əˈlɪsət]
verb
to get information, a reaction etc. from someone, especially when this is difficult :
▪ Short questions are more likely to elicit a response.
▪ The circus act elicited “oohs” and “ahs” from the crowd.
— elicitation noun [ uncountable ]
بیرون کشیدن، استخراج کردن، استنباط کردن
ethics
[ˈeθɪks]
noun
1 a general idea or set of moral beliefs that influences people’s behavior and attitudes :
▪ the Judeo-Christian ethic
2 moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and wrong :
▪ Mallett is highly respected for his professional ethics (= the moral rules relating to a particular profession ) .
(فلسفه) کردار شناسی، بهخوی شناسی، بهکردار شناسی، علم الاخلاق
flagrant
[ˈfleɪɡrənt]
adjective
a flagrant action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth, someone’s feelings etc. :
▪ The arrests are a flagrant violation of human rights.
اشکار، برملا، انگشت نما، رسوا، وقیح، زشت
impunity
[ˌɪmˈpjuːnəti]
noun
without punishment or risk of punishment :
▪ The government is corrupt, and steals from its people with impunity.
بخشودگی، معافیت از مجازات، معافیت از زیان
inane
ˌɪˈneɪn
adjective
extremely stupid or without much meaning :
▪ an inane movie
تهی، بی مغز، پوچ، چرند، فضای نامحدود، احمق
inexorable
[ˌɪˈneksərəbl̩]
adjective
an inexorable process cannot be stopped :
▪ the inexorable progress of rain forest destruction
نرم نشدنی، سخت، سنگدل، بی شفقت، تسلیم نشدنی
paucity
[ˈpɒsəti]
noun
less of something than is needed SYN scarcity :
▪ a paucity of information
عدد کم، معدود، اندک، قلت، کمی، کمیابی، ندرت
pernicious
[pərˈnɪʃəs]
adjective very harmful or evil, but often in a way that is difficult to notice : ▪ the pernicious effects of advertising ▪ a pernicious lie زیان اور، مضر، کشنده، نابود کننده، مهلک
rampant
[ˈræmpənt]
adjective
1 something such as crime or disease that is rampant is bad, happens often in many different places, and is difficult to control :
▪ rampant inflation
▪ The drug problem continues to run rampant .
2 a rampant plant grows and spreads in a way that is not controlled
▪ She missed the rampant spying on its own citizens by the fearsome FSB.
شایع، منتشرشده، فراوان، حکمفرما
tolerate
[ˈtɑːləˌret]
verb
1 to allow people to do, say, or believe something without criticizing or punishing them SYN put up with :
▪ Such behavior will no longer be tolerated.
▪ Mom tolerated Dad’s smoking.
2 to accept something bad or difficult, even though you do not like it SYN put up with :
▪ He could not tolerate prison life.
3 to treat someone you do not like in a polite but unfriendly way when you have to spend time with them :
▪ The other women tolerated her.
تحمل کردن، برخورد هموار کردن، طاقت داشتن، مداراکردن
stock in trade
[ˈstɑːkɪnˈtreɪd]
noun
1something that is typical of a particular person or thing, especially what they say or do :
▪ Charm was his stock-in-trade.
2 the things that a person, company, or organization uses in their work or deals in
3 technical the goods kept by a business so that it can operate by selling them
▪ A feeling for language should be part of the stock in trade of any writer.
موجودی کالای مغازه، مال التجاره، لوازم وابزار کار،فوت وفن
to take down a peg
to reprimand someone who is acting too arrogant. The teacher’s scolding took Bob down a notch or two.
▪ He was so rude that someone was bound to knock him down a peg or two.
pass the buck
to try to blame someone else or make them responsible for something that you should deal with :
▪ a bunch of politicians all trying to pass the buck
to lionize a person
to make a big fuss over someone
affluent
[ˈæfluːənt]
adjective having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc. : ▪ an affluent neighborhood ▪ affluent families فراوان، دولتمند
chagrin
[ʃəˈɡrɪn]
noun
annoyance and sadness because something has not happened in the way you had hoped :
▪ To his chagrin only a small crowd came to watch.
ازردگی، غم وغصه، اندوه، الم، تنگدلی، اندوهگین کردن، ازرده کردن
consternation
[ˌkɑːnstərˈneɪʃn̩]
noun
a feeling of shock or worry that makes it difficult to decide what to do :
▪ The attack has caused consternation among Western leaders.
▪ A new power station is being built,much to the consternation of environmental groups.
بهت، اشفتگی، حیرت، بهت وحیرت
deride
[dɪˈraɪd]
to make statements or jokes that show you have no respect for someone or something :
▪ Gavin has derided the efforts at gun control.
▪ Jackson derided the plan as irresponsible.
تمسخر کردن، بکسی خندیدن، استهزا کردن
confidante
[ˈkɑːnfəˌdænt]
a woman you tell your secrets to or who you talk to about personal things :
▪ They were best friends and confidantes.
زن رازدار، زن محرم اسرار
discern
[ˌdɪˈsɜːrn]
verb
1 to notice or understand something, especially after thinking about it carefully :
▪ Two distinct trends may be discerned.
▪ Officials were anxious to discern how much public support there was.
2 to see or hear something, especially something that is not easy to see or hear SYN perceive :
▪ The telescope can discern objects incredibly distant in space.
تشخیص دادن، تمیز دادن
disparage
[ˌdɪˈsperɪdʒ]
verb
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not think they are very good or important :
▪ He never missed the opportunity to disparage his coworkers.
عدم وفق، انکار فضیلت چیزی راکردن، کم گرفتن،بیقدرکردن، پست کردن، بی اعتبارکردن
dubious
[ˈduːbiəs]
adjective
1 probably not honest, true, or right :
▪ dubious accounting practices
2 probably not good or not of good quality :
▪ The room was decorated in dubious taste.
3 not sure whether something is good or true SYN doubtful
▪ Many people are dubious about whether the airport will ever be built.
مورد شک، مشکوک
eschew
[esˈt͡ʃuː]
verb
to deliberately avoid doing, using, or having something :
▪ a man who eschews violence
اجتناب کردن
feasible
[ˈfiːzəbl̩]
adjective
a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work :
▪ Solar heating is technically and economically feasible.
شدنی، عملی، امکان پذیر، میسر، ممکن، محتمل
fiasco
[fiˈæskoʊ]
noun
something that is completely unsuccessful, in a way that is very embarrassing or disappointing :
▪ The new mall has been an economic fiasco.
شکست مفتضحانه، ناکامی، بطری شراب
laudable
[ˈlɒdəbl̩]
adjective
deserving praise or admiration, even if not completely successful :
▪ Preserving the environment is a laudable goal.
ستودنی، ستوده، قابل ستایش
masticate
[ˈmæstɪkeɪt]
to chew
,to reduce to a pulp by crushing or kneading, as rubber.
▪ She was trying to masticate these when there came a tap at the door.
چاوش کردن، جویدن، نرم کردن، خمیر کردن، بزاقی کردن
obsolescence
[ˌɑːbsəˈlesəns]
the state, process, or condition of being or becoming obsolete.
▪ These passages feel the most lived in; aging, for Rebecca Winter, is less frightening than obsolescence.
کهنگی، منسوخی، متروکی، از رواج افتادگی
perfunctory
[pərˈfəŋktəri]
adjective
a perfunctory action is done quickly or without interest, and only because people expect it :
▪ a perfunctory apology
باری به هر جهت، سرسری، بی مبالات
perverse
[pərˈvɜːrs]
adjective
1 behaving in an unreasonable way, especially by doing the opposite of what people want or expect :
▪ She gets a perverse satisfaction from embarrassing people.
▪ a perverse policy
2 perverted
منحرف، در خطا، گمراه، هرزه، فاسد
precocious
prɪˈkoʊʃəs]
adjective
a precocious child behaves like an adult in some ways, for example by asking difficult and intelligent questions
▪ He is only 47 years old, but to me seemed older than that: a man of precocious aspect and judgment.
زود رس، پیش رس، نابهنگام، باهوش
quell
[ˈkwel]
verb
1 to end a violent situation, especially when people are protesting :
▪ Police fired tear gas to quell the rioting.
2 to reduce or stop feelings of doubt, worry, and anxiety :
▪ The police tried to quell public anxiety about the murders.
فرونشاندن، سرکوبی کردن، تسکین دادن
sally
[ˈsæli]
noun
1 an amusing intelligent remark SYN wisecrack
2 a sudden quick attack and return to a position of defense
▪ He looked at his hero, and then he looked into his mind and saw the picture of sally.
یورش، حمله، حرکت سریع، شلیک، یورش اوردن، شلیک کردن، حمله ورشدن، جواب سریع و زیرکانه
voluble
[ˈvɑːljəbl̩]
adjective
1 talking a lot
2 a voluble speech, explanation etc. uses a lot of words and is spoken quickly
▪ The likeliest person to defeat the voluble Georgian is Gingrich himself.
▪ He stopped, waiting for Elinor but Elinor for a person so voluble a little while ago seemed curiously unwilling to speak.
پر حرف، روان، سلیس، چرب و نرم، خوش زبان
I’m from Missouri
[məˈzʊri]
1 abbreviation MO a state in the central U.S.
2 a long river in the U.S., which flows from the Rocky Mountains to join the Mississippi at St. Louis
▪ They were now more than four thousand miles distant from the mouth of the Missouri.
▪ You’ll have to prove it to me. I’m from Missouri. She’s from Missouri and has to be shown.
(Noun) سرخپوست میسوری (قبیلهی میسوری سابقا در میسوری و نبراسکا میزیسته)
(Noun) زبان میسوری
رود میسوری (از جنوب غربی مونتانا آغاز شده و در حوالی شهر سنت لوئیس به رود میسیسیپی میریزد)
ایالت میسوری (در مرکز امریکا - مرکز: 180486 - Jefferson City کیلومتر مربع - مخفف: MO یا Mo)
red-letter day
noun
a day that you will always remember because something special happens that makes you very happy
▪ Today was a red-letter day in our history. It was a red-letter day for our club.
▪ The red-letter day, since such it deservedly is, on which this universal melodist first saw the light was the 10th October 1813.
let sleeping dogs lie
Prov. Do not instigate trouble.; Leave something alone if it might cause trouble.
▪ Jill: Should I ask the boss if he’s upset at my coming in late in the mornings? Jane: If he hasn’t said anything about it, just let sleeping dogs lie. I thought I would ask Jill if she wanted me to pay her back right away, but then I decided to let sleeping dogs lie.
thumbs down
signal of rejection
▪ The programs were nominated for several Emmy Awards and introduced the classic “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” critical technique.
▪ The spectator has no need to turn his thumbs down, as no quarter is given.
arbitrary
[ˈɑːrbəˌtreri]
decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly :
▪ arbitrary arrests and imprisonments
اختیاری، دلخواه، مطلق، مستبدانه، قراردادی
cognizant
[ˈkɑːɡnəzənt]
1 having cognizance; aware (usually followed by of):
He was cognizant of the difficulty.
2.having legal cognizance or jurisdiction.
▪ I am cognizant of the learning curve and the importance of understanding the process of manufacturing, concept to delivery.
اگاه، باخبر
effigy
[ˈefɪdʒi]
noun plural effigies [ countable ]
1 a figure made of wood, paper, stone etc., that looks like a person, especially one that makes the person look ugly or funny
▪ Protesters unveiled an effigy of the mayor.
2 to burn or hang a figure of someone at a political demonstration
تمثال، صورت، پیکر، تمثال تهیه کردن، پیکرک
exacerbate
[ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪt]
verb
to make a bad situation worse :
▪ Tiredness can exacerbate the symptoms.
▪ His comments have exacerbated racial tensions in the city.
بدترکردن، تشدید کردن، برانگیختن
flout
[ˈflaʊt]
verb
to deliberately disobey a law, rule etc. :
▪ Too many people regularly flout traffic laws.
دست انداختن، استهزا کردن، اهانت یا بی احترامی کردن، مسخره، توهین
forthwith
[ˌfɔːrˈθwɪθ]
adverb
immediately
▪ Sanctions will take effect forthwith.
انا، فورا، بیدرنگ
fray
[freɪ]
noun
1 an argument, fight, or uncontrolled situation :
▪ Three civilians were injured during the fray. enter/join the fray
▪ Several national organizations have joined the fray,
2 to not be involved in a fight or argument :
▪ Watkins always tried to stay above the political fray and concentrate on her work.
(قدیمی) ترساندن، هراساندن
harass
[həˈræs]
verb
1to annoy or threaten someone again and again SYN hassle :
▪ Black teenagers are being constantly harassed by the police.
▪ He denied sexually harassing her.
2 to annoy someone by interrupting them again and again over a long period of time SYN pester :
▪ parents harassed by their kids
بستوه اوردن، عاجز کردن، اذیت کردن، (نظامی) حملات پیدرپی کردن، خسته کردن
implacable
[ˌɪmˈplækəbl̩]
adjective
determined to do something, especially to continue opposing someone or something :
▪ an implacable enemy
سنگدل، کینه توز
indigent
[ˈɪndɪdʒənt]
adjectiv
not having much money or many possessions SYN poor
▪ She emphasizes that the indigent detainees who will benefit from this program are not all undocumented.
تهیدست، تهی، خالی، تنگدست
jurisdiction
[ˌdʒʊrəˈsdɪkʃn̩]
noun
law the official right or power to make legal decisions, or the area where this right exists
▪ The U.S. has no legal jurisdiction over crimes committed outside the country.
حوزه قضایی، قلمرو قدرت
monolithic
[ˌmɑːnəˈlɪθɪk]
adjective 1 a monolithic organization, political system etc. is very large and powerful and difficult to change : ▪ monolithic corporations 2very large, solid, and impressive : ▪ monolithic office buildings یک پارچه
oust
[ˈaʊst]
verb
to force someone out of a position of power, especially so that you can take their place
oust somebody from something
▪ The next month he was ousted from the board of directors.
برکنار کردن، دورکردن، اخراج کردن
paroxysm
[ˈpærəksɪzəm]
noun
1 a sudden expression of strong feeling that you cannot control
2a sudden short attack of pain, coughing, shaking etc.
▪ paroxysms of coughing
گهگیری، حمله ناگهانی مرض، تشنج
reprehensible
[ˌreprəˈhensəbl̩]
adjective
bad and deserving criticism :
▪ I find their behavior morally reprehensible .
سزاوار سرزنش، سرزنش کردنی
revert
[rɪˈvɜːrt]
verb
1 to go back to a former condition or habit, especially one that was bad :
▪ Brian reverted to his normal happy self as soon as his father returned.
2 to return to a former habit, practice, belief, condition, etc.:
▪ They reverted to the ways of their forefathers.
برگشتن، رجوع کردن، اعاده دادن، برگشت
skirmish
[ˈskɜːrmɪʃ]
Military. a fight between small bodies of troops, 1especially advanced or outlying detachments of opposing armies.
2. any brisk conflict or encounter:
She had a skirmish with her landlord about the rent.
▪ The first skirmish in the renewed battle for gender wage equality seemed to be won by Republicans.
کشمکش، زد وخورد، جنگ جزئی، زد وخورد کردن
stymie
[ˈstaɪmi]
noun
1.Golf. (on a putting green) an instance of a ball’s lying on a direct line between the cup and the ball of an opponent about to putt.
2.a situation or problem presenting such difficulties as to discourage or defeat any attempt to deal with or resolve it.
verb (used with object), stymied, stymieing.
3.to hinder, block, or thwart.
قرار گرفتن، توپ گلف یک بازیکن در جلو توپ بازیکن دیگر، مانع شدن، گیر کردن
terminate
[ˈtɜːrməˌnet]
verb
1 if something terminates, or if you terminate it, it ends :
▪ The contract terminates at the end of the year.
▪ Doctors may terminate a pregnancy when the life of the mother is at risk.
2to remove someone from a job SYN fire :
▪ Two of his co-workers were terminated.
بپایان رساندن، خاتمه دادن، منقضی کردن، فسخ کردن،محدود کردن، خاتمه یافتن
turbulent
[ˈtɜːrbjələnt]
adjective
1 a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes and often wars or violence :
▪ a turbulent relationship
▪ Jason grew up in the South during the turbulent years of the 1960s.
2 turbulent air or water moves around a lot because of the wind :
▪ the turbulent white sea
سرکش، گردنکش، یاغی، متلاطم، اشفته
cause celebre
noun
an event or legal case that a lot of people become interested in, because it is an exciting subject to discuss or argue about :
▪ Her comments were published and became a cause célèbre.
(فرانسه) محاکمه یا دعوی یا ماجرای مشهور
one swallow doesn’t make a summer
don’t jump to conclusions based on incomplete evidence
, A single instance of something is just that; it doesn’t indicate a trend.
▪ they won their last game but one swallow doesn’t make a summer. They’re still bottom of the league.
bitter pill to swallow
something very bad that you have to accept :
▪ Losing the business was a bitter pill to swallow.
▪ It was a bitter pill for her brother to swallow when she married his enemy. We found his deception a bitter pill to swallow.
have an ax to grind
having a selfish motive in the backround
, to have a personal reason for doing something :
▪ I have no political ax to grind.
▪ His interest may be sincere, but I suspect he has an ax to grind.
afflict
[əˈflɪkt]
verb
to make someone or something become seriously ill or experience serious problems :
▪ This type of pneumonia frequently afflicts elderly people.
be afflicted by/with something
▪ Several of her friends had been afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease.
▪ a region afflicted by famine
رنجورکردن، ازردن، پریشان کردن، مبتلا کردن
ascend
[əˈsend]
verb
1 to move up through the air ; OPP descend :
▪ The plane ascended rapidly.
2 to climb something or walk to a higher position, for example on a slope :
▪ It was snowing as they ascended the final peak.
3 to move to a more important or responsible job, or to move higher in rank
▪ Thomas ascended to the Supreme Court.
فرازیدن، بالارفتن، صعود کردن، بلند شدن، جلوس کردن بر
besiege
[bəˈsiːdʒ[
verb
1 if people, thoughts etc. besiege you, you are surrounded by them
▪ a movie star besieged by reporters and photographers
2 be besieged with letters/demands/requests etc.
▪ Her friends were besieged with calls.
3 to surround a city, building etc. with a military force until the people inside let you take control :
▪ Opposition forces besieged the parliament building.
محاصره کردن
محاصره کردن
emaciated
[əˈmeɪʃiˌetəd]
adjective
extremely thin from lack of food or illness :
▪ The prisoners were sick and emaciated.
لاغر،گوشت رفته
fretful
[ˈfretfəl]
adjective
anxious and complaining, especially about small or unimportant things :
▪ The baby was tired and fretful.
اخمو، ناراحت، جوشی
harbinger
[ˈhɑːrbəndʒər]
noun
a sign that something is going to happen soon SYN herald
▪ The increase in home prices may be a harbinger of better economic times.
پیشرو، منادی، جلودار، قاصد
excruciating
[ɪkˈskruːʃiˌetɪŋ]
adjective
1 extremely painful :
▪ The pain in my knee was excruciating.
2 extreme in a negative, unpleasant, or upsetting way :
▪ Witnesses described the brutal attack in excruciating detail.
مشقت بار
malignant
[məˈlɪɡnənt]
adjective
1 a malignant tumor , disease etc. is one that develops quickly and cannot be easily controlled and is likely to cause death ; OPP benign :
▪ malignant cells
2 showing hatred and a strong desire to harm someone ; OPP benign :
▪ malignant thoughts
بدطینت، خطرناک، زیان اور، صدمه رسان، کینه جو،بدخواه، متمرد، سرکش، (پزشکی)بدخیم
malnutrition
[ˌmælnuːˈtrɪʃn̩]
noun
1.lack of proper nutrition; inadequate or unbalanced nutrition.
▪ The troops, weakened by continual hardships and malnutrition, were an easy prey to dysentery and similar ailments.
سو تغذیه، تغذیه ناقص، نرسیدن مواد غذایی
privation
[praɪˈveɪʃn̩]
noun
a lack or loss of the things that everyone needs, such as food, warmth, and shelter :
▪ times of privation
محرومیت، محروم سازی، تعلیق مقام، سختی
remote
[rɪˈmoʊt]
adjective
1 far away in space or time :
▪ remote parts of the solar system
2 far from towns or where people are :
▪ a remote mountain village
3 very unlikely :
▪ The risk of infection is remote. a remote chance/possibility
4 very different from something else, or not closely related to it
▪ The book’s description of the war seemed very remote from his own experience.
دور، پرت، دور دست، جزئی، کم، بعید، متحرک
respite
[ˈreˌspɪt]
noun
a short time when something bad stops happening, so that the situation is temporarily better
from
▪ a brief respite from the recent hot weather
مهلت، فرجه، امان، استراحت، تمدید مدت، رخصت، فرجه دادن
sanctuary
[ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuːˌeri]
noun
1 safety and protection from danger, or protection from police, soldiers etc. :
▪ He is suspected of giving sanctuary to terrorists.
▪ Hundreds of civilians have sought sanctuary at churches and embassies.
2 a place that is safe and provides protection, especially for people who are in danger SYN refuge
▪ The center is a sanctuary for battered women.
3 an area for birds or animals where they are protected and cannot be hunted : bird/wildlife etc.
▪ Pollution is threatening the marine sanctuary.
جایگاه مقدس، حرم مطهر، بستگاه، مخفیگاه، پناهگاه،تحصین، حق بست نشینی
sanctuary
[ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuːˌeri]
noun
1 safety and protection from danger, or protection from police, soldiers etc. :
▪ He is suspected of giving sanctuary
▪ Hundreds of civilians have sought sanctuary at churches and embassies.
2 a place that is safe and provides protection, especially for people who are in danger SYN refuge
▪ The center is a sanctuary for battered women.
3 an area for birds or animals where they are protected and cannot be hunted : bird/wildlife etc. sanctuary
▪ Pollution is threatening the marine sanctuary.
جایگاه مقدس، حرم مطهر، بستگاه، مخفیگاه، پناهگاه،تحصین، حق بست نشینی
sinister
[ˈsɪnəstər]
adjective
making you feel that something evil, wrong, or illegal is happening or will happen :
▪ a sinister laugh
▪ A sinister figure lurked in the shadows. there is something/nothing sinister…
▪ There was something sinister about the way things happened.
گمراه کننده، بدخواه، کج، نادرست، خطا، فاسد، بدیمن، بدشگون، نامیمون، شیطانی
surge
[ˈsɜːrdʒ]
verb
1 to suddenly move forward very quickly
forward/through/into etc.
▪ The crowd surged forward.
2 to increase suddenly by a large amount :
▪ Auto sales surged more than 60% last year.
3 if a feeling surges or surges up, you begin to feel it very strongly :
▪ Rage surged up inside him.
4 if a large amount of water, electricity etc. surges somewhere, it moves there very suddenly and powerfully :
▪ Waves surged over the seawalls.
موج بلند، موج غلتان، موج خروشان، جریان سریع وغیرعادی، برق موجی از هوا، تشکیل موج دادن، موجداربودن، خروشان بودن، موج زدن
succumb
[səˈkəm]
verb
1 to stop opposing someone or something that is stronger than you, and allow them to take control SYN give in
▪ The country has not yet succumbed to pressure to stop nuclear testing.
▪ I succumbed to temptation and ordered the pie.
2 if you succumb to an illness, you become very sick or die of it
▪ Lewis succumbed to cancer in 2003.
از پای در آمدن، تسلیم شدن، سرفرود اوردن
از پای در آمدن، تسلیم شدن، سرفرود اوردن
thwart
[ˈθwɔːrt]
verb
to prevent something from succeeding or prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do :
▪ Efforts to clean up the oil spill have been thwarted by storms.
بی نتیجه گذاردن، خنثی کردن، حائل کردن، عقیم گذاردن، مخالفت کردن با، انسداد اریب، کج، در سرتاسر(چیزی) ادامه دادن یا کشید
tranquil
[ˈtræŋkwəl]
adjective
pleasantly calm, quiet, and peaceful :
▪ a tranquil pool of water
ارام، اسوده، بی جنبش، درحال سکون
ubiquitous
[juːˈbɪkwətəs]
adjective
seeming to be everywhere :
▪ Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days.
حاضر، همه جا حاضر، موجود درهمه جا
sour grapes
to disparage something that you cannot have
a situation in which someone is pretending that they dislike something because they want it but cannot have it :
▪ This may sound like sour grapes, but I don’t think I would have taken the job anyway.
غوره، انگور ترش
(به مضمون داستان روباهی که دستش به انگور نمیرسید لذا گفت ترش است) تحقیر یا رد کردن چیزی که برای انسان میسر نیست
swap horses in midstream
to vote against a candidate running for reelection, to change one’s mind
▪ I’m already baking a cherry pie. I can’t bake an apple pie. It’s too late to change horses in the middle of the stream. The house is half-built. It’s too late to hire a different architect.
to cool one’s heels
Wait or be kept waiting, as in I’ve been cooling my heels in the doctor’s waiting room for at least an hour. This term originally meant to cool one’s feet when they become hot from walking, and began to be used ironically for being forced to rest (or wait) in the early 1600s.
a red herring
[ˈredˈherɪŋ]
something that diverts attention from the main issue
, something that takes people’s attention away from the main subject being talked or written about
▪ About halfway through the book it looked as though the butler was the murderer, but that turned out to be a red herring.
(جانورشناسی) شاه ماهی سرخ، موضوع مطرح شده برای فرار ازطرح موضوع مورد بحث، (خودمانی) پی نخود سیاه فرستادن
adverse
[ædˈvɜːrs]
adjective
not good or favorable ; OPP favorable :
▪ adverse publicity an adverse impact/effect
▪ The chemicals have an adverse effect on human health. adverse conditions (= conditions that make it difficult for something to happen or exist )
▪ We had to abandon the climb because of adverse weather conditions.
مخالف، مغایر، ناسازگار، مضر، روبرو
advocate
[ˈædvəkət]
verb
to publicly support a particular way of doing things :
▪ The extremists openly advocate violence.
دفاع کردن، طرفداری کردن، حامی، طرفدار، وکیل مدافع
amicable
[ˈæmɪkəbl̩]
adjective
an amicable agreement, relationship etc. is one in which people feel friendly toward each other and do not want to argue :
▪ amicable relations among employees an amicable solution/agreement
▪ The parties have reached an amicable agreement.
موافق، دوست، دوستانه
asset
[ˈæˌset]
noun
1 the things that a company or person owns, that can be sold to pay debts :
▪ Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets .
▪ Stocks, bonds, and bank deposits are financial assets (= assets that are not things, but instead claims on something of value ) .
2 something or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems :
▪ A sense of humor is a big asset in this job.
چیز با ارزش و مفید، ممر عایدی، سرمایه، دارایی، جمع دارایی شخص که بایستی بابت دیون او پرداخت گردد
astute
[əˈstuːt]
adjective
able to understand situations or behavior very well and very quickly, especially so that you can be successful :
▪ astute management
▪ an astute judge of talent
زیرک، ناقلا، دانا، هوشیار، محیل، دقیق، موشکاف
bigot
[ˈbɪɡət]
prejudiced person
He was a bigot, but he understood, correctly, that reproductive issues are often global.
ادم ریاکار، ادم خرافاتی، متعصب
blatant
ˈbleɪtənt
adjective
an action that is blatant is obviously bad, but the person or people responsible for it are not embarrassed or ashamed SYN flagrant :
▪ blatant discrimination
▪ At first I tried ignoring his blatant sexual hints.
پرسروصدا، شلوغ کننده، خودنما، خشن، رسوا
entourage
[ˌɑːntʊˈrɑːʒ]
noun
a group of people who travel with an important person :
▪ Mr. Stallone and his entourage
محیط، دور و بر اطرافیان، دوستان، همراهان
extortion
[ɪkˈstɔːrʃn̩]
noun
1.an act or instance of extorting.
2.Law. the crime of obtaining money or some other thing of value by the abuse of one’s office or authority.
3.oppressive or illegal exaction, as of excessive price or interest:
the extortions of usurers.
4.anything extorted.
▪ There are limits to the painting of banditry and extortion as the legitimate raising of taxes.
اخذ بزور و عنف، اخاذی، اجحاف، زیاده ستانی
impresario
[ˌɪmpreˈsɑːriˌoʊ]
noun, plural impresarios.
1.a person who organizes or manages public entertainments, especially operas, ballets, or concerts.
2.any manager, director, or the like.
▪ The impresario that provides the opera could not sing nor dance.
مدیر اماکن تفریحی و نمایشی، مدیر اپرا، مدیر یاراهنمای اپرا و کنسرت
ineffectual
[ˌɪnəˈfekt͡ʃuːəl]
adjective
1 not having the ability, confidence, or personal authority to get things done SYN ineffective :
▪ an ineffectual leader
2 something that is ineffectual does not achieve what it is intended to achieve SYN ineffective :
▪ ineffectual attempts to reach an agreement
بیهوده، بی نتیجه، بی اثر، غیر موثر، بیفایده
malady
[ˈmælədi]
noun
1 something that is wrong with a system or organization :
▪ The airline suffers from a common malady - lack of cash.
ناخوشی، فاسد شدگی، بیماری، مرض
malady
[ˈmælədi]
noun
1 something that is wrong with a system or organization :
▪ The airline suffers from a common malady - lack of cash.
2 especially written an illness
ناخوشی، فاسد شدگی، بیماری، مرض
nefarious
[nəˈferiəs]
adjective
evil or criminal :
▪ murder, blackmail, and other nefarious activities
شریر، زشت، نابکار، بدکار، شنیع، ناهنجار
scrutinize
[ˈskruːtəˌnaɪz]
to examine someone or something very thoroughly and carefully SYN examine :
▪ He scrutinized the photo closely .
موشکافی کردن، مورد مداقه قرار دادن
solicit
[səˈlɪsət]
verb
1 to ask someone for money, help, or information :
▪ Certain federal employees are forbidden from soliciting campaign funds.
▪ School officials have been soliciting ideas from parents.
2 to sell something by taking orders for a product or service, usually by going to people’s houses or businesses :
▪ No soliciting on company premises is allowed.
درخواست کردن، التماس کردن، خواستن، تقاضا کردن،جلب کردن، تشجیع کردن، خواستاربودن، بیرون کشیدن،وسوسه کردن
spew
[ˈspjuː]
verb
1 to flow out of something in quantities that are too large, or to make something, especially something unwanted, flow out in this way
▪ Black smoke spewed out from the car’s exhaust pipe.
spew something into/over etc.
2 if you spew a lot of bad or negative things or they spew out of you, you say them very quickly :
▪ The group uses the Internet to spew religious hatred.
قی کردن، فوران کردن (مواد اتشفشانی)، با فشار خارج کردن، بخارج ریختن
venom
[ˈvenəm]
noun
1 a liquid poison that some snakes, insects etc. produce and that they use when biting or stinging another animal or insect
2 extreme anger or hatred :
▪ Suzanne reacted with angry venom.
زهر، سم، زهر مار و عقرب و غیره، کینه، مسموم کردن،مسموم شدن
vexatious
[vekˈseɪʃəs]
adjective
1.causing vexation; troublesome; annoying:
a vexatious situation.
2.Law. (of legal actions) instituted without sufficient grounds and serving only to cause annoyance to the defendant.
3.disorderly; confused; troubled.
▪ I was still wrestling with this vexatious question when I came to my mother’s house.
دل ازار، رنجش آمیز، اشفته، مضطرب
virulent
[ˈvɪrələnt]
adjective
1 a virulent poison, disease etc. is very dangerous and affects people very quickly :
▪ a more virulent strain of HIV
2 full of hatred for something, or expressing this in a strong way :
▪ virulent nationalism
زهراگین، سم دار، تلخ، تند، کینه جو، بدخیم
to spill the beans
to give away a secret or a surprise.
▪ There is a surprise party for Heidi on Wednesday. Please don’t spill the beans. Paul spilled the works about Heidi’s party.
cold feet
to suddenly feel that you are not brave enough to do something you planned to do :
▪ They got cold feet and canceled the order.
stiff upper lip
to be courageous in the face of trouble
▪ He countered with a classic British defense: the stiff upper lip.
▪ We got to keep a stiff upper lip, baby sister,” she would say, with an encouraging pat.
look a gift horse in the mouth
to be ungrateful to someone who gives you something; to treat someone who gives you a gift badly. (Usually with a negative.) Never look a gift horse in the mouth.
▪ I advise you not to look a gift horse in the mouth.
desist
[dəˈsɪst]
verb to stop doing something from ▪ The government urged the rebels to desist from their terrorist actions. بازایستادن، دست برداشتن از، دست کشیدن
doleful
[ˈdoʊlfʊl]
adjective
very sad :
▪ a doleful look
مغموم، محزون
elusive
[əˈluːsɪv]
adjective
1 difficult to find, or not often seen :
▪ The fox is a sly elusive animal.
2 an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe, understand, or remeber :
▪ the elusive key to corporate success
3 an elusive result is difficult to achieve :
▪ The team came within one game of the elusive state championship.
گریزان، فراری، کسی که از دیگران دوری می‌کند ، طفره زن
engrossed
[ɪnˈɡroʊst]
verb
1 to be so interested in something that you do not notice anything else :
▪ She was too engrossed in her phone conversation to notice.
2 to be or become very interesting to someone, so that they do not notice anything else :
▪ The murder trial had engrossed the small Ohio town for months.
انحصارشده، کاملا اشغال شده، مجذوب[
frustrate
[ˈfrəˌstret]
verb
1 if something frustrates you, it makes you feel annoyed or angry because you are unable to do what you want :
▪ What frustrates voters is the slow pace of change.
2 to prevent someone’s plans, efforts or attempts from succeeding :
▪ Thick fog frustrated their attempt to land on the tiny island.
خنثی کردن، هیچ کردن، باطل کردن، ناامید کردن، فکرکسی را خراب کردن، فاسدشدن
histrionics
[ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪks]
noun,
1.dramatic representation; theatricals; acting.
2.behavior or speech for effect, as insincere or exaggerated expression of an emotion; dramatics; operatics:
نمایش، اجرا نمایش، ظاهرسازی، صحنه سازی
imminent
[ˈɪmənənt]
adjective
an event that is imminent will happen very soon SYN impending :
▪ A new trade agreement is imminent.
▪ There is no imminent danger of the hurricane hitting
▪ Reporters have predicted his
قریب الوقوع، حتمی
inclement
[ˌɪnˈklemənt]
adjective
1.(of the weather, the elements, etc.) severe, rough, or harsh; stormy.
2.not kind or merciful.
▪ The delicate forms were here protected from inclement weather, and the work was seen in pleasant, subdued, reflected light.
شدید، بی اعتدال
interject
[ˌɪntərˈdʒekt]
verb
to interrupt what someone else is saying with a sudden remark :
▪ “Of course not!” Garland interjected.
در میان اوردن، بطور معترضه گفتن، در میان انداختن، در میان آمدن، مداخله کردن
inert
[ˌɪˈnɜːrt]
adjective
1 not producing a chemical reaction when combined with other substances :
▪ inert gases
2 not moving or not having the strength or power to move :
▪ She lay there, inert.
3 very slow and unwilling to take any action :
نا کار، فاقد نیروی جنبش، بیروح، بیجان، ساکن، راکد
▪ The government was inert and inefficient.
mastiff
[ˈmæstəf]
noun
1.one of a breed of large, powerful, short-haired dogs having an apricot, fawn, or brindled coat.
▪ First thing I knew I heard Bertha calling at the top of her little voice to the mastiff.
(جانورشناسی) سگ بزرگی که گوش ها ولبهایش اویخته است، بولدوگ
obsess
[əbˈses]
verb
1 something or someone obsesses you, you think about them all the time and you cannot think of anything else
▪ Why are you so obsessed with your hair?
▪ Jody has been obsessed with this guy for months.
2 to think about something or someone much more than is necessary or sensible :
▪ Stop obsessing about your weight. You look fine.
ازار کردن، ایجاد عقده روحی کردن
pertinent
[ˈpɜːrtənənt]
adjective
directly relating to something that is being considered SYN relevant :
▪ pertinent questions
▪ The information is not pertinent to this study.
وابسته، مربوط
peruse
[pəˈruːz]
verb (used with object), perused, perusing.
1.to read through with thoroughness or care:
to peruse a report.
2.to scan or browse:
The shoppers perused the magazines near the cash register while waiting to check out.
3.to read.
4.to survey or examine in detail.
بررسی کردن، بدقت خواندن
premonition
[preməˈnɪʃn̩]
a strange feeling that cannot be explained that something, especially something bad, is going to happen : ▪ She had a premonition that something bad would happen.
▪ a premonition of death
تحذیر، اخطار، برحذر داشتن، فکر قبلی
recoil
[riˌkɔɪl]
verb
1 to feel such a strong dislike of a particular situation that you want to avoid it
▪ She recoiled at the violence on screen.
▪ People recoiled in horror from the destruction of the war.
2 to move back suddenly and quickly from something you do not like or are afraid of SYN shrink
▪ Anna recoiled from his touch.
3 if a gun recoils, it moves backward very quickly when it is fired
بحال خود برگشتن، بحال نخستین برگشتن، پس زدن، عودکردن، پس نشستن، فنری بودن، (با on و upon ) واکنش داشتن
salient
[ˈseɪliənt]
adjective
the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it : salient point/feature/fact etc.
▪ Four salient points emerged from our study.
برجسته،نمایان،رو به بیرون،(بزبان شوخی)جست وخیز کننده
squeamish
[ˈskwiːmɪʃ]
adjective
easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing unpleasant things
about
▪ Some people are squeamish about blood.
استفراغی، بی میل، سخت گیر، نازک نارنجی، باحیا
symptomatic
ˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk]
adjective
1if a situation or type of behavior is symptomatic of something, it shows that a serious problem exists :
▪ Poor grades could be symptomatic of a learning disorder.
2 related to medical symptoms
مطابق نشانه بیماری، نماینده، حاکی، حاکی از علائم مرض، (پزشکی) نشانه بیماری
wan
[ˈwɑːn]
adjective
looking pale, weak, or tired :
▪ Angela looked wan and tired.
رنگ پریده، کم خون، زرد، کم رنگ، رنگ پریده شدن یا کردن
to pay the piper
to bear the consequences
to pay the cost of something. to bear the unfavorable consequences of one’s actions or pleasures:
▪ Someday he’ll have to pay the piper for all that gambling.
to tilt at windmills
to fight imaginary enemies
to show one’s hand
to reveal one’s intentions to someone. (From card games.)
I don’t know whether Jim is intending to marry Jane or not. He’s not one to show his hand. If you want to get a raise, don’t show the boss your hand too soon.
on the carpet
1 an authority or superior for an accounting of one’s actions or a reprimand:
▪ He was called on the carpet again for his carelessness.
2 Chiefly British. under consideration or discussion.
coerce
[koʊˈɜːs]
verb
to make someone do something they do not want to do by threatening them SYN force
▪ Don’t coerce a child into wearing something he or she doesn’t like.
بزور وادار کردن، ناگزیر کردن
comprehensive
[ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv]
adjective
1 including everything that is necessary :
▪ a comprehensive plan for dealing with a disaster
▪ We want to make the policy clearer and more comprehensive.
2 relating to comprehensive insurance :
▪ a comprehensive policy
جامع، فرا گیرنده، وسیع، محیط، بسیط
corroborate
[kəˈrɑːbəˌret]
verb
provide information that supports or helps to prove someone else’s statement, idea etc. :
▪ Her statements were corroborated by the doctor’s testimony.
تایید کردن، تقویت کردن، اثبات کردن
domicile
[ˈdɒmɪsaɪl]
the country that a person treats as their permanent home, or lives in and has a substantial connection with.
▪ his wife has a domicile of origin in Germany”
اقامتگاه، محل اقامت، مقر، خانه، مسکن، مسکن دادن
conjecture
[kənˈdʒekt͡ʃər]
noun
the act of guessing about things when you do not have enough information :
▪ There has been some conjecture about a possible merger.
2 an idea or opinion formed by guessing SYN guess :
▪ My results show that this conjecture was, in fact, correct.
حدس، ظن، گمان، تخمین، حدس زدن، گمان بردن
elapse
[əˈlæps]
verb
if a particular period of time elapses, it passes :
▪ More than five years have elapsed since the kidnapping.
گذشتن، منقضی شدن، سپری شدن، سقوط
fruitless
[ˈfruːtləs]
adjective
failing to achieve what was wanted, especially after much effort ; OPP fruitful :
▪ a fruitless attempt to find gold
بی میوه، بی ثمر
garbled
ˈɡɑːrbl̩d
adjective
1 very unclear and confusing, and often not giving correct information SYN confused :
▪ The newspapers had some garbled version of the story.
2 difficult to hear or understand :
▪ The voice on the tape was too garbled to understand.
اشفته، درهم
inundate
ˈɪnənˌdet
verb
1 to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp :
▪ The TV station was inundated with complaints after the show.
2 to cover an area with a large amount of water SYN flood :
▪ Floodwaters regularly inundate the lowlands of the state.
سیل زده کردن، از اب پوشانیدن، زیر سیل پوشاندن، اشباع کردن
lax
ˈlæks
adjective
1 not strict or careful about standards of behavior, work, safety etc. SYN slack :
▪ lax security at the airport be lax in (doing)
▪ He was lax in his duties.
2 not firm, stiff, or tight
لخت، سست، شل، سهل انگار، اهمال کار، لینت مزاج، شل کردن، ول کردن، رهاکردن
lurid
ˈlʊrəd
adjective
1 a description, story etc. that is lurid is deliberately shocking and involves sex or violence :
▪ lurid headlines
▪ details of lurid sexual misconduct
2 too brightly colored :
▪ lurid red nail polish
رنگ پریده، ترسناک، تیره، مستهجن، بطورترسناک یاغم انگیز، موحش، شعله تیره، شعله دودنما، رنگ زرد مایل به قرمز، کم رنگ وپریده، زننده
meticulous
[məˈtɪkjələs]
adjective
very careful about small details, and always making sure that everything is done correctly :
▪ The book describes the journey in meticulous detail.
in/about
▪ He was meticulous in his use of words.
باریک بین، خیلی دقیق، وسواسی، ترسو، کمرو
obviate
[ˈɑːbviˌet]
verb
to remove a difficulty :
▪ New technologies have obviated the need for surgery.
مرتفع کردن، رفع کردن، رفع نیاز کردن
phlegmatic
[fləgˈmætɪk]
adjective
(of a person) having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.
▪ the phlegmatic British character”
بلغمی مزاج، شخص خونسرد وبی رگ
poignant
ˌpɔɪnjənt
adjective making you feel sad or full of pity : ▪ a poignant story ▪ Her death was a poignant reminder that sometimes we are powerless. تیز، تند وتلخ، زننده، نیشدار، گوشه دار
quip
ˈkwɪp
to say something short and amusing :
▪ “Giving up smoking is easy,” he quipped. “I’ve done it hundreds of times.”
کنایه، گوشه، مزه ریختن، طعنه، بذله، طنز، لطیفه،طعنه زدن، ایهام گفتن
rash
[ˈræʃ]
noun
1 a lot of red spots on someone’s skin, caused by an illness or an allergy :
▪ Symptoms include high fever and a rash.
▪ My mother breaks out in a rash if she eats seafood. heat/diaper rash (= a rash caused by heat or wearing diaper s )
2 a large number of bad events, changes etc. within a short time :
▪ a rash of car thefts in the neighborhood
تند، عجول، بی پروا، بی احتیاط، محل خارش یا تحریک روی پوست، جوش، دانه
sanguine
[ˈsæŋˌɡwɪn]
adjective
1 cheerful and hopeful about the future SYN optimistic
about
▪ Collins was not sanguine about the team’s prospects.
2 red and healthy looking SYN ruddy :
▪ a sanguine complexion
خونی، دموی، سرخ، قرمز، برنگ خون
sporadic
spəˈrædɪk]
adjective
1.(of similar things or occurrences) appearing or happening at irregular intervals in time; occasional:
sporadic renewals of enthusiasm.
2.appearing in scattered or isolated instances, as a disease.
3.isolated, as a single instance of something; being or occurring apart from others.
4.occurring singly or widely apart in locality:
▪ the sporadic growth of plants.
▪ We know British intelligence at the time on WMD was “patchy and sporadic.”
تک وتوک، تک تک، پراکنده، انفرادی، گاه وبیگاه
zealous
[ˈzeləs]
adjective
1.full of, characterized by, or due to zeal; ardently active, devoted, or diligent.
Synonyms: enthusiastic, eager, fervid, fervent, intense, passionate, warm.
Antonyms: apathetic; lackadaisical.
▪ I also think his zealous advocates may be exaggerating his beliefs slightly.
فدایی، مجاهد، غیور، باغیرت، هواخواه
to feather one’s nest
grow rich by taking advantage of circumstances
to take advantage of the opportunities to enrich oneself:
▪ The mayor had used his term of office to feather his nest.
fair-weather friends
noun
plural noun: fair-weather friends
▪ a person whose friendship cannot be relied on in times of difficulty.
to sow wild oats
to do wild and foolish things in one’s youth. (often assumed to have some sort of sexual meaning.)
▪ Jack was out sowing his wild oats last night, and he’s in jail this morning. Mrs. smith told Mr. smith that he was too old to be sowing his wild oats.
windfall
[ˈwɪndˌfɒl]
noun
1 an amount of money that you get unexpectedly :
▪ a $2.2 billion windfall for shareholders a windfall gain/profit etc. (= a profit that you did not expect to make )
2 a piece of fruit that has fallen off a tree
میوه باد انداخته، ثروت باد آورده
anathema
[əˈnæθəmə]
noun
used to say that someone strongly dislikes something or disapproves of it :
▪ Cutting government service is still anathema to liberals.
هرچیزی که مورد لعن واقع شود، لعنت و تکفیر، مرتدشناخته شده از طرف روحانیون
diatribe
[ˈdaɪəˌtraɪb]
noun
an angry speech or piece of writing that criticizes someone or something very severely SYN tirade
against/on
▪ a diatribe against church policy on women’s rights
سخن سخت، انتقاد تلخ، زخم زبان
expunge
[ɪkˈspəndʒ]
verb
1 to remove something such as a name or piece of information from a list, book etc. :
▪ Their criminal records were expunged in return for their testimony.
2 to forget something bad
▪ Howard tried to expunge the whole episode from his memory.
محوکردن، تراشیدن، نابود کردن، حذف کردن از
flamboyant
[flæmˌbɔɪənt]
adjective
1 behaving or dressing in a confident or surprising way that makes people notice you :
▪ a flamboyant Hollywood lawyer
2 brightly colored, expensive, big etc., and therefore easily noticed :
▪ a flamboyant red sequined dress
رق دار، وابسته به مکتب معماری گوتیگ، شعله مانند
fortuitous
[fɔːrˈtuːətəs]
adjective
lucky and happening by chance :
▪ a fortuitous meeting
اتفاقی، شانسی
fractious
[ˈfrækʃəs]
adjective
someone who is fractious gets angry very easily and tends to start fights :
▪ Maggie grew up in a large, fractious family.
بدخو، کج خلق، ننر، متمرد، زود رنج
ilk
[ˈɪlk]
noun 1.family, class, or kind: he and all his ilk. adjective 2.same. Idioms 3.of that ilk, ▪ On the other hand, Noka chocolates and others of their ilk are handcrafted and use only the most expensive chocolate
تیره، خانواده، نوع، جور، گونه، دسته، طبقه
incoherent
[/ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪərənt/]
adjective 1.without logical or meaningful connection; disjointed; rambling: ▪ an incoherent sentence. 2.characterized by such thought or language, as a person: incoherent with rage. 3.not coherent or cohering: ▪ an incoherent mixture. 4.lacking physical cohesion; loose: incoherent dust. 5.lacking unity or harmony of elements: ▪ an incoherent public. ▪ The EMT workers who got on the plane found Monjack incoherent. متناقض، بی ربط
inhibition
[ˌɪnhəˈbɪʃn̩]
noun
1 a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you from doing or saying what you really want to :
▪ People lose their inhibitionswhen they’re chatting on the Internet.
2 technical the process of restricting something or preventing it from happening or developing :
▪ the inhibition of cell growth
بازداری، جلوگیری از بروز احساسات
jaunty
ˈdʒɒnti]
adjective, jauntier, jauntiest.
1.easy and sprightly in manner or bearing:
to walk with a jaunty step.
2.smartly trim, as clothing:
a jaunty hat.
.
“there was no mistaking that jaunty walk”
خود نما، خود ساز، جلف، مغرور، گستاخ، لاقید، زرنگ
integral
ˈɪntəɡrəl
adjective
1 forming a necessary part of something :
▪ Music should be an integral part of children’s education.
▪ Cooperation is integral to the success of the program.
2 in mathematics, relating to an integer
درست، صحیح، بی کسر، کامل، تمام، انتگرال
nominal
[ˈnɑːmənl̩]
adjective
1 officially having authority, a right, or a title, but not having the powers or freedoms that usually come with it :
▪ Her authority as director was purely nominal (= she had no real power ) .
▪ The country was given nominal independence, but its citizens were not free.
2 a small amount of money, especially when compared with the usual amount that would be paid for something :
▪ Most golf courses will rent clubs for a nominal fee.
3relating to nouns or used as a noun :
▪ a nominal phrase
4 a nominal value, rate etc. does not show what something is really worth or really costs, because it does not take into account changes in the price of other goods and services :
▪ nominal interest rates
اسمی، صوری، جزئی، کم قیمت
ostentatious
[ˌɑːstənˈteɪʃəs]
adjective
1 something that is ostentatious is large, looks expensive, and is designed to make people think that its owner must be very rich :
▪ an ostentatious engagement ring
▪ I wanted a car that was fast but not ostentatious.
2 people by showing them how rich you are :
▪ an ostentatious lifestyle
متظاهر، خودنما، خودفروش
placard
[ˈplækərd]
noun
a large notice or advertisement put up or carried in a public place :
▪ One placard in the crowd read, “Enough is enough!”
پروانه رسمی، اعلامیه رسمی، اعلان، حمل یا نصب اعلان،شعار حمل کردن
prestigious
[preˈstɪdʒəs]
adjective
admired as one of the best and most important :
▪ a prestigious university
با اعتبار، باحیثیت
remuneration
[rəˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃn̩[
noun
1.the act of remunerating.
2.something that remunerates; reward; pay:
▪ He received little remuneration for his services.
▪ The usual rate of remuneration for deputy postmasters in North America.
اجر، پاداش
schism
[ˈskɪzəm]
noun
1.division or disunion, especially into mutually opposed parties.
2.the parties so formed.
3.Ecclesiastical.
▪ I know it will be all sense for the church, and all causticity for schism.
جدایی، شقاق، انفصال، اختلاف، ایجادجدایی، تفرقه، اختلاف و تفرقه درکلیسا
timorous
[ˈtɪmərəs]
adjective 1.full of fear; fearful: The noise made them timorous. 2.subject to fear; timid. 3.characterized by or indicating fear: a timorous whisper. بزدل، ترسو، جبون
truncated
[ˈtrəŋˌketəd]
adjective
made shorter than before, or shorter than usual SYN shortened :
▪ a truncated version of the book
کوتاه شده، مختصر شده، دارای حذفیات
utopia
[juːˈtoʊpɪə]
noun
1.an imaginary island described in Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (1516) as enjoying perfection in law, politics, etc.
2.(usually lowercase) an ideal place or state.
3.(usually lowercase) any visionary system of political or social perfection.
▪ They are said, though it is not easy to believe, to have been elaborated by way of Utopia.
دولت یا کشور کامل و ایده الی، مدینه فاضله
wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve
to make one’s feelings evident
wash dirty linen in public
Prov. Do not talk about your private family problems in
public.
▪ Grandson: How are we going to make Dad stop drinking? Grandmother: Hush! Don’t wash your dirty linen in public.
save face
avoid humiliation.
▪ “allowing the guerrillas to save face and disarm”
Indian summer
ˈɪndiənˈsəmər
a period of unusually dry, warm weather occurring in late autumn.
a period of happiness or success occurring late in life.
هوای ارام و خشک و صافی که در اواخر پاییز در شمال ایالات متحده آمریکا مشاهده می‌شود
cryptic
ˈkrɪptɪk
deliberately mysterious, or having a secret meaning :
▪ a cryptic message
پنهان، مرموز، رمزی
curtail
/kərˈteɪl/
to reduce or limit something :
▪ Budget cuts forced schools to curtail after-school programs.
کوتاه کردن، مختصر نمودن
emit
eˈmɪt
verb
to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc. :
▪ The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.
▪ He emitted a snort of laughter.
eventuate
[ɪˈventʃuːˌeɪt]
verb e something as a final result : ▪ The experiments did not eventuate in any published work. منجر شدن، منتج شدن، نتیجه دادن، درآمدن
haven
[ˈheɪvn̩]
noun [ countable ]
1 a place where people or animals go to be safe and live peacefully
for
▪ a haven for refugees
2 a place where people go because it helps them feel happy
for
▪ The town is a haven for artists.
بندرگاه، لنگرگاه، (م.ج.) پناهگاه، جای امن
importune
[ˌɪmpəˈtjuːn]
verb (used with object), importuned, importuning.
1.to press or beset with solicitations; demand with urgency or persistence.
2.to make improper advances toward (a person).
3.to beg for (something) urgently or persistently.
4.Obsolete. to annoy.
5.Obsolete. to press; impel.
verb (used without object), importuned, importuning.
6.to make urgent or persistent solicitations.
7.to make improper advances toward another person.
▪ I must obey you at the city gate; but I will importune you here.
مصرانه خواستن، اصرار کردن به، عاجز کردن، سماجت کردن، ابرام کردن، مصرانه
inchoate
[ɪnˈkoʊɪt]
adjective
1.not yet completed or fully developed; rudimentary.
2.just begun; incipient.
3.not organized; lacking order:
an inchoate mass of ideas on the subject.
▪ then the insurrection was inchoate, we could afford to be punctilious.
اغاز کردن، بنیاد نهادن، تازه بوجود امده، نیمه تمام
incontrovertible
ˌɪŋˌkɑːntroˈvɜːrtəbl̩
adjective
a fact that is incontrovertible is definitely true and no one can prove it to be false SYN indisputable :
▪ incontrovertible evidence
غیر قابل بحث، بدون مناقشه، بی چونو چرا، بدون مباحثه، مسلم
incredulous
[ˌɪnˈkredʒələs]
adjective
unable or unwilling to believe something, or showing this :
▪ “You don’t have a car?” asked one incredulous woman.
) دیر باور
jeopardize
ˈdʒepərˌdaɪz
verb
to risk losing or spoiling something important or valuable :
▪ I would never jeopardize the safety of my children.
بخطر انداختن
permeate
ˈpɜːrmiˌet
verb
1 if ideas, beliefs, emotions etc. permeate something, they are present in every part and have an effect on all of it :
▪ Racism permeates the entire organization.
2 if liquid, gas etc. permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every part of it :
▪ The smell of smoke permeated the house.
permeate through/into something
▪ Toxic vapors can permeate into the plaster and wood.
نفوذ کردن، سرایت کردن، نشت کردن
premise
ˈpreməs
noun
1 a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas :
▪ a false premise
the premise that
▪ the premise that drug addiction can be cured
the premise of something
▪ The premise of the novel is that there is life on other planets.
2 the buildings and land that a store, restaurant, company etc. uses :
▪ A religious group rents the premises on weekends.
قضیه ثابت یا اثبات شده، بنیاد واساس بحث، صغری وکبرای قیاس منطقی، فرض قبلی، فرضیه مقدم، فرض منطقی کردن
propitious
[prəˈpɪʃəs]
adjective good and likely to bring good results for ▪ The most propitious time for an attack was lost. خوش یمن، میمون، شفیع، خیر خواه، مساعد
repress
[riˈpres]
verb
1 to stop yourself from doing something, especially something you want to do :
▪ Brenda repressed the urge to shout at him.
2 if someone represses feelings, memories etc., their mind has hidden them because they are too upsetting to think about
3 disapproving to control a group of people by force :
▪ Other nations condemned the ruler for repressing opposition.
باز فشردن، باز کوفتن، فرونشاندن، سرکوب کردن، درخود کوفتن
surmise
sərˈmaɪz
verb
to guess that something is true using the information you know already
surmise (that)
▪ I could only surmise from their behavior that they had met before.
حدس زدن، گمان بردن، حدس، گمان، تخمین، ظن
subjugate
ˈsəbdʒəˌɡet
verb (used with object), subjugated, subjugating.
1.to bring under complete control or subjection; conquer; master.
2.to make submissive or subservient; enslave.
▪ They see collusion and deception and they say Ankara is determined to subjugate them
تحت انقیاد در اوردن، مطیع کردن، منکوب کردن
subterranean
səbtəˈreɪniən
adjective, Also, subterraneous
1.existing, situated, or operating below the surface of the earth; underground.
2.existing or operating out of sight or secretly; hidden or secret.
noun
3.a person or thing that is subterranean.
4.a subterrane.
▪ Mr. Robinson gives an excellent account, not only of the subterranean, but also of the open-air culture of mushrooms about Paris.
▪ subterranean passages
زیرزمینی،نهان،نهانی،قنات
surreptitious
ˌsərəpˈtɪʃəs
kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.
▪ “low wages were supplemented by surreptitious payments from tradesmen”
نهانی، زیرجلی، پنهان، محرمانه
viable
ˈvaɪəbl̩
adjective
1 able to be successful or be done successfully :
▪ a viable presidential candidate a viable alternative/option/solution
▪ No one has offered a viable alternative to the plan. economically/commercially/politically etc. viable
▪ a commercially viable business
2 able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing :
▪ viable embryos
زنده ماندنی، زیست پذیر، ماندنی، قابل دوام، مناسبرشد و ترقی
viable
ˈvaɪəbl̩
adjective
1 able to be successful or be done successfully :
▪ a viable presidential candidate a viable alternative/option/solution
▪ No one has offered a viable alternative to the plan. economically/commercially/politically etc. viable
▪ a commercially viable business
2 able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing : ▪ viable embryos
زنده ماندنی، زیست پذیر، ماندنی، قابل دوام، مناسبرشد و ترقی
زنده ماندنی، زیست پذیر، ماندنی، قابل دوام، مناسبرشد و ترقی
take the bull by the horns
deal decisively with a difficult or dangerous situation.
▪ “she decided to take the bull by the horns and organize things for herself”
the lion’s share
the largest part of something :
▪ One family owns the lion’s share of the county’s farmland.
out of the frying pan into the fire
from a bad situation to one that is worse.
▪ “he may find himself jumping out of the frying pan into the fire”
keep the pot boiling
maintain the brisk momentum of something.
▪ “a home win over Sheffield kept the pot boiling”
aspire
əˈspaɪr
verb
to desire and work toward achieving something important
aspire to do something
▪ Johnson aspires to become the city’s first woman
mayor.
ارزو داشتن، ارزو کردن، اشتیاق داشتن، هوش داشتن(با after یا for یا at )، بلند پروازی کردن، بالارفتن، فرو بردن، استنشاق کردن
▪ Kim aspires to a career as a travel agent.
bias
ˈbaɪəs
noun
1 an attitude that shows more support for one group, person, or belief than others, in a situation where fairness to all people and balanced treatment of all beliefs is important
against
▪ the newspaper’s bias against women
2 a natural skill or interest in one particular area :
▪ a strong artistic bias
3 on the bias in a diagonal direction :
▪ cloth cut on the bias
تمایل بیک طرف، طرفداری، تعصب، بیک طرف متمایل کردن، تحت تاثیر قراردادن، تبعیض کردن
havoc
ˈhævək
noun
a situation in which there is a lot of confusion or damage : cause/creat havoc
▪ A strike will cause havoc for commuters.
▪ The insects have been wreaking havoc on (= causing a lot of damage to ) crops.
▪ A poor harvest could play havoc with (= cause great harm to ) the country’s economy.
خرابی، غارت، ویران کردن
incisive
ˌɪnˈsaɪsɪv
adjective
showing intelligence and a clear understanding of something :
▪ an incisive critique of American politics
برنده، قاطع، دندان پیشین، ثنایا، تیز، نافذ
inveigh
ɪnˈveɪ
speak or write about (something) with great hostility.
“he liked to inveigh against all forms of academic training”
سخن سخت گفتن، با سخن حمله کردن، (با against ) موردحمله قرار دادن
lethal
ˈliːθl̩
1 causing death, or able to cause death :
▪ a lethal dose of heroin
2 likely to be powerful, dangerous, or dangerously effective :
▪ That cocktail looks pretty lethal.
وابسته به مرگ کشنده، مهلک، مرگ اور
mammoth
ˈmæməθ
adjective
extremely large :
▪ This country has a mammoth drug problem.
▪ a mammoth corporation
(جانورشناسی) ماموت، فیل بزرگ دوره ماقبل تاریخ
nettle
ˈnetl̩
noun
1.any plant of the genus Urtica, covered with stinging hairs.
Compare nettle family.
2.any of various allied or similar plants.
verb (used with object), nettled, nettling.
3.to irritate, annoy, or provoke.
4.to sting as a nettle does.
▪ She was a nettle in which the rustle of the cassock was visible.
▪ There was also something else upon the nettle, which looked like a shrivelled-up light brown leaf.
(گیاه شناسی) گزنه، انواع گزنه تیغی گزنده، بوسیله گزنه گزیده شدن، (مجازا) ایجاد بی صبری و عصبانیت کردن،برانگیختن، رنجه داشتن
overt
oʊˈvɜːt
adjective
1.open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret:
overt hostility.
2.Heraldry. (of a device, as a purse) represented as open:
a purse overt.
▪ The government used Simmons to authenticate 11 overt acts in the racketeering indictment of Welch and his deputy.
فاش، اشکار، معلوم، واضح، نپوشیده، عمومی
precipitate
prəˈsɪpəˌtet
verb
1 to make something serious happen suddenly or more quickly than was expected :
▪ The President’s death precipitated a political crisis.
2to separate a solid from a liquid substance either by chemical action or by gravity, or to be separated in this way
3 to make someone fall down or forward with great force
بشدت پرتاپ کردن، شتاباندن، بسرعت عمل کردن، تسریع کردن، سر اشیب تند داشتن، ناگهان سقوط کردن، غیرمحلول وته نشین شونده، جسم تعلیق شونده یا متراسب،خیلی سریع، بسیار عجول، ناگهانی، رسوب شیمیایی
raze
ˈreɪz
verb (used with object), razed, razing.
1.to tear down; demolish; level to the ground:
to raze a row of old buildings.
2.to shave or scrape off.
▪ It was raging now as if it would never weaken and had the will to raze the chteau though it were the task of a thousand years.
ویران کردن، محو کردن، تراشیدن
relegate
ˈreləˌɡet
verb
to give someone or something a less important position than before
relegate somebody to something
▪ Women were relegated to subordinate roles.
انداختن، موکول کردن، محول کردن، واگذار کردن،منتسب کردن
repulse
riˈpəls
verb
1 if something or someone repulses you, you feel they are very bad or disgusting SYN repel :
▪ His cold clammy hands repulsed me.
2to defeat a military attack SYN repel :
▪ Government troops repulsed an attack by rebel forces.
3 to refuse an offer, proposal, or suggestion in a way that is very direct and often impolite SYN reject
دفع، رد، پس زنی، دفع کردن، راندن
scurry
ˈskɜːri
verb
to move quickly with short steps SYN hurry
along/past/across
▪ A mouse scurried across the floor.
حرکت تند وسریع، حرکت از روی دست پاچگی، مسابقه کوتاه، سراسیمگی، بسرعت حرکت دادن
sinecure
ˈsaɪnɪkjʊər
noun
1.an office or position requiring little or no work, especially one yielding profitable returns.
2.an ecclesiastical benefice without cure of souls.
▪ The job is often a sinecure offered to widely admired figures.
هر شغلی که متضمن مسئولیت مهمی نباشد، جیره خور ولگرد، وظیفه گرفتن وول گشتن، مفت خوری و ولگردی
singular
ˈsɪŋɡjələr
adjective
1 a singular noun, verb, form etc. is used when writing or speaking about one person or thing :
▪ If the subject is singular, use a singular verb.
2 very great or very noticeable SYN exceptional , extraordinary :
▪ a singular achievement
▪ Congress showed a singular lack of understanding of the issue.
3 used to emphasize the fact that there is only one of something SYN single :
▪ The singular objective is to improve the company’s performance.
4 very unusual or strange :
▪ such singular behavior
مفرد، تک، فرد، فرید، فوق العاده، خارق العاده،غریب، (دستور زبان) واژه مفرد، صیغه مفرد، غرابت، شگفتی،یکتایی، منحصر بفردی
stentorian
stenˈtɔːrɪən
adjective
1.very loud or powerful in sound:
a stentorian voice.
خیلی بلند (در مورد صدا)، صدا بلند، رسا
supine
səˈpaɪn
adjective 1 lying on your back ▪ a supine position 2 allowing other people to make decisions instead of you, in a way that seems very weak : ▪ a supine press برپشت خوابیدن، تاق باز، بیحال، سست
valor
noun
1.boldness or determination in facing great danger, especially in battle; heroic courage; bravery:
a medal for valor.
Sometimes in the midst of a tragedy like the Newton massacre, we witness incredible acts of valor, tenderness, grace, and decency.
دلیری، شجاعت، دلاوری، ارزش شخصی و اجتماعی،ارزش مادی، اهمیت
bury the hatchet
to agree to stop arguing about something and become friends again :
▪ Two years later they agreed to bury the hatchet.
Philadelphia lawyer
ˌfɪləˈdelfiəˈlɔɪər
a lawyer of outstanding ability
a very shrewd lawyer expert in the exploitation of legal technicalities.
▪ The phrase, Enough to puzzle a philadelphia-lawyer, means, enough to puzzle the sharpest man in the world.
(آمریکا - عامیانه) وکیل دادگستری زرنگ و پشت هم انداز
gild the lily
to add unnecessary ornamentation, a special feature, etc., in an attempt to improve something that is already complete, satisfactory, or ideal:
▪ After that wonderful meal, serving a fancy dessert would be gilding the lily.
steal one’s thunder
to weaken one’s position by stating the argument before that person does
, to lessen someone’s force or authority.
▪ What do you mean by coming in here and stealing my thunder? I’m in charge here! someone stole my thunder by leaking my announcement to the press.
abrogate
ˈæbrəˌɡet
verb o
officially end a law, legal agreement, practice etc. :
▪ It was suggested that the treaty be abrogated.
منسوخ، از میان برده، ملغی، ازمیان بردن، باطل کردن، منسوخ کردن، لغو کردن
access
ˈækˌses
noun
1 how easy or difficult it is for people to enter a public building, reach a place, or talk to someone
▪ Many are jealous of Wright’s political access to the President.
2 the right to enter a place, use something, see something etc. :
▪ Only selected employees have access to the safe.
3 the way by which you can enter a building or reach a place
▪ Access to the restrooms is through the foyer.
4 to succeed in entering a place or in seeing someone or something :
▪ The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.
دسترس، دسترسی، راه، تقریب، اجازه دخول، افزایش، الحاق، (پزشکی) بروزمرض، حمله، اصابت، (حقوق) دسترسی یا مجال مقاربت، (در مسیحیت) تقرب به خدا
accomplice
əˈkɑːmpləs
noun
1.a person who knowingly helps another in a crime or wrongdoing, often as a subordinate.
▪ Similarly, Mike Rogers has suggested Snowden probably had an accomplice in the NSA giving him
information.
همدست، (حقوق) شریک یا معاون جرم
alleged
əˈledʒd
adjective
an alleged fact, quality etc. is supposed to be true, but has not been proven :
▪ the alleged conspiracy to kill President Kennedy alleged killer/victim etc.
▪ His alleged victim failed to appear in court.
بقول معروف، بنابگفته بعضی، منتسب به
asperity
æˈsperəti
noun, plural asperities.
1.harshness or sharpness of tone, temper, or manner; severity; acrimony:
The cause of her anger did not warrant such asperity.
2.hardship; difficulty; rigor:
the asperities of polar weather.
3.roughness of surface; unevenness.
4.something rough or harsh.
خشونت (در صدا)، سختی، ترشی (در مزه)، تلخی و خشونت(دراخلاق)، نامطبوعی
complicity
kəmˈplɪsəti
noun
1 the act of being involved in a crime with other people
▪ He denied complicity in the murder.
2 involvement in or knowledge of a situation, especially one that is morally wrong or dishonest :
▪ She was ashamed of her complicity in the deception.
حقوق) همدستی درجرم، شرکت در جرم
controversial
ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl̩
adjective
causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed :
▪ a controversial drug that is used to treat depression
▪ In June, he made a controversial decision to increase the sales tax.
▪ He soon became a controversial figure (= someone who does things some people disapprove of ) in the world of big business.
مباحثه ای، جدلی، جدال آمیز، هم ستیز، هم ستیزگر، همستیزگرانه
epithet
descriptive name
culpable
ˈkəlpəbl̩
adjective
responsible for something bad that has happened and deserving blame SYN guilty :
▪ Both men are culpable to some extent. culpable homicide/negligence
▪ He pleaded guilty to culpable negligence.
مقصر، مجرم، سزاوار سرزنش، قابل مجازات
epithet
ˈepəˌθet
noun
a word or short phrase used to describe someone, especially when saying something bad about them :
▪ Perez was the target of a racial epithet (= something negative said about someone’s race ) .
صفت، لقب، عنوان، کنیه، اصطلاح
extrinsic
ekˈstrɪnsɪk
adjective
coming from the outside, or not directly related to something ; OPP intrinsic :
▪ Some students need extrinsic rewards to motivate them to learn (= they need rewards such as money or gifts, instead of the reward of learning something ) .
دارای مبدا خارجی، بیرونی، خارجی، فرعی، جزئی،ضمیمه، اتفاقی، تصادفی، عارضی
fetter (v)
ˈfetər
verb
1 to restrict someone’s freedom and prevent them from doing what they want to do :
▪ The industry is fettered by debt.
2to put chains on a prisoner’s hands or feet
بخو، پابند، زنجیر، (مجازا) قید، مانع، مقید کردن، درزیر غل وزنجیر اوردن
invalidate
ˌɪnˈvæləˌdet
verb
1 to make a document, ticket, claim etc. not legally or officially acceptable anymore :
▪ They invalidated his insurance policy because he hadn’t payed.
2 to show that something such as a belief or explanation is wrong :
▪ Later findings invalidated the theory.
ناتوان کردن، علیل کردن، باطل کردن
landmark (adj)
ˈlændˌmɑːrk
noun
1 something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are :
▪ The Washington Monument is a popular historical landmark.
2 one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or something :
▪ a landmark in the history of medicine
▪ a landmark court victory
نشان اختصاصی، نقطه تحول تاریخ، واقعه برجسته، راهنما
liquidation
ˌlɪkwəˈdeɪʃn̩
noun
1 the act of closing down a company in order to pay its debts by selling its asset s :
▪ The department chain has gone into liquidation .
2 the act of paying a debt
تسویه، از بین رفتن، واریز حساب، نابودی
nomadic
/noʊˈmædɪk/
adjective
1.of, relating to, or characteristic of nomads.
▪ That warred-over political geography lie at the heart of man and legend—and the nomadic Apache world.
چادر نشین، وابسته به کوچ گری
paragon
ˈperəˌɡɑːn
noun
1.a model or pattern of excellence or of a particular excellence:
▪ a paragon of virtue.
2.someone of exceptional merit:
Just who is this paragon whose name is on everyone’s lips
▪ The man who holds ABC/ESPN’s wacky goulash of World Cup punditry together strikes viewers as a paragon of congeniality.
معیار، مقیاس رفعت و خوبی، نمونه کامل، رقابت کردن،بعنوان نمونه بکار بردن، برتری یافتن
persevere
pərsəˈvɪr
verb
to continue trying to do something in a very determined way, in spite of difficulties
persevere in/with something
▪ U.S. leaders have encouraged Adams to persevere in his efforts to bring peace.
پشتکارداشتن، استقامت بخرج دادن، ثابت قدم ماندن
preclude
prɪˈkluːd
verb
to prevent something or make something impossible
preclude somebody from doing something
▪ Age does not preclude him from running for office.
مانع جلو راه ایجاد کردن، مسدود کردن
recant
riˈkænt
verb
to say publicly that you no longer have a belief that you had before, especially a political or religious belief SYN retract :
▪ Galileo was forced to recant his belief in the Copernican theory.
حرف خود را رسما پس گرفتن، گفته خود را تکذیب کردن،بخطای خود اعتراف کردن
woolgathering
ˈwʊlɡæðərɪŋ
noun
1.indulgence in idle fancies and in daydreaming; absentmindedness:
▪ His woolgathering was a handicap in school.
2.gathering of the tufts of wool shed by sheep and caught on bushes.
▪ His interest in music—or rather, at first, in the free and glamorous lives of musicians—began with much posing and woolgathering.
فراموشکاری، شورتیگری، حواس پرتی
to whitewash
ˈwaɪˌtwɑːʃ
to cancel defects, to give a falsely virtuous appearance to something
▪ She must whitewash these brown men and women, rid them of their savage, slavish ways, and repaint them in her own image.
دوغاب، سفید کاری کردن، ماست مالی کردن
break the ice
1 to succeed initially; make a beginning.
2 to overcome reserve, awkwardness, or formality within ▪ a group, as in introducing persons:
▪The chairman broke the ice with his warm and very amusing remarks.
the grapevine
ˈɡreɪpˌvaɪn
noun
1 hear something through the grapevine to hear news because it has been passed from one person to another in conversation :
▪ I heard through the grapevine that you’d gotten the job.
2 a climbing plant on which grapes grow SYN vine
(گیاه شناسی) درخت انگور، تاک، مو، شایعه، شهرت
altruistic
ˌɒltruːˈɪstɪk
adjective
1.unselfishly concerned for or devoted to the welfare of others (opposed to egoistic ).
2.Animal Behavior. of or relating to behavior by an animal that may be to its disadvantage but that benefits others of its kind, often its close relatives.
▪The next most popular idea was to give old fur coats to the homeless, an altruistic act to be sure.
وابسته به نوع دوستی، بشر دوستانه، دگر دوستانه، همگان دوستانه، ایثار گرانه
amorous
ˈæmərəs
adjective
involving or expressing sexual love :
▪ The park is a favorite spot for amorous couples.
عاشق، شیفته، عاشقانه
antithesis
ænˈtɪθəsəs
noun
the exact opposite of something, or something that is completely different from something else :
▪ Her style of writing is the antithesis of Dickens’.
پادگذاره، ضد و نقیض، تضاد، تناقض
bulwark
ˈbʊlwərk
noun
1 something that protects you from a bad situation
against
▪ Some people keep gold as a bulwark against financial disasters.
2 the sides of a boat or ship above the deck
3 a strong structure like a wall, built for defense
▪ The new dam was a bulwark against future floods
خاکریز، بارو، دیوار(ساحلی)، دیواره سد، موج شکن،(مجازا) پناه، سنگربندی، حامی
cache
ˈkæʃ
noun
1 a number of things that have been hidden, or the place where they have been hidden
▪ Police found a cache of weapons in a warehouse.
2 a special section of memory in a computer that helps it work faster by storing data for a short time
▪ The cache included a submachine gun, pistols, revolvers, and enough Semtex to make 180 bombs.
نهانگاه، ذخیره گاه، چیز نهان شده، مخزن، پنهان کردن
coterie
ˈkoʊtəri
noun
a small group of people who enjoy doing the same things together, and do not like including others in their group :
▪ a coterie of loyal fans
گروه هم مسلک، انجمن (ادبی واجتماعی)
cupidity
kjuːˈpɪdɪti
noun
1.eager or excessive desire, especially to possess something; greed; avarice.
This is the first time the presents have excited my cupidity.
حرص واز برای بدست اوردن مال
cursory
ˈkɜːrsəri
adjective
quick and done without much attention to detail : a cursory check/examination/inspection
▪ Even a cursory inspection would have shown how dangerous the bridge was.
سرسری، از روی سرعت وعجله، باسرعت وبیدقتی
embellish
emˈbelɪʃ
verb
1to make a story or statement more interesting by adding details that are not true :
▪ Lynn couldn’t help embellishing the story.
2 to make something more beautiful by adding decorations to it
embellish something with something
▪ The dress is embellished with gold threads.
ارایش کردن، ارایش دادن، زینت دادن، زیبا کردن، پیراستن
frugal
ˈfruːɡl̩
adjective
1 careful to only buy what is necessary ; OPP extravagant :
▪ She’s too frugal to buy new clothes.
2 a frugal meal is a small meal of plain food
صرفه جو، مقتصد، با صرفه، اندک، میانه رو، ساده
gregarious
ɡrəˈɡeriəs
adjective
1.fond of the company of others; sociable.
2.living in flocks or herds, as animals.
3.Botany. growing in open clusters or colonies; not matted together.
4.pertaining to a flock or crowd.
▪ He was gregarious and sociable, enjoying the company of entourages whenever he went to Cannes or some other film festival.
گروده دوست، جمعیت دوست، گروه جو، گروهی، اجتماعی دسته ای، گلهای، (گیاه شناسی) خوشه خوشه
habitat
ˈhæbəˌtæt
noun
the natural environment of a plant or animal :
▪ the owl’s natural habitat is in the forests of the Northwest.
محل سکونت، مسکن طبیعی، بوم، جای اصلی
indigenous
ˌɪnˈdɪdʒənəs
adjective
1 indigenous people, customs, culture s etc. are the people, customs etc. that have always been in a place, before other people or customs arrived
2 indigenous animals, plants etc. have always lived or grown naturally in the place where they are, as opposed to others that were brought there
▪ Red foxes are indigenous to the East and Midwest parts of the U.S.
بومی، طبیعی، ذاتی، مکنون، فطری
interloper
ˈɪntəloʊpə
noun
1.a person who interferes or meddles in the affairs of others:
▪ He was an athiest who felt like an interloper in this religious gathering.
2.a person who intrudes into a region, field, or trade without a proper license.
▪ Suddenly I realize, sitting here looking at her defend herself against an interloper like me, how wrong I have been about her.
کسی که در کار دیگران مداخله می‌کند و ایشان را از سود بردن باز می‌دارد
progeny
ˈprɑːdʒəni
noun, plural progeny or, for plants or animals progenies.
1.a descendant or offspring, as a child, plant, or animal.
2.such descendants or offspring collectively.
3.something that originates or results from something else; outcome; issue.
Contemporary Examples
▪ I exist merely as meat for the hungry wolf, an incubator for his progeny and a servant to his needs.
▪ The memorable last line of the novel reads: “I had no progeny, I transmitted to no one the legacy of our misery.”
اولاد، فرزند، اخلاف، سلاله، دودمان
prolific
proˈlɪfɪk
adjective
1 someone who is prolific produces a lot of something, especially works of art, books etc. :
▪ hockey’s most prolific scorer
2 an animal or plant that is prolific produces many babies or many other plants
3 existing in large numbers :
▪ the prolific bird life
پرزا، حاصلخیز، بارور، نیرومند، پرکار، فراوان
saturate
ˈsæt͡ʃəˌret
verb
1 to make something very wet SYN soak :
▪ Heavy rains had saturated the ground.
2 to fill something completely with a large number of things, or with a large amount of something
▪ The campaign saturated prime time television with ads.
3 to offer so much of a product for sale that there is more of it than people want to buy
4 to dissolve (= mix until something becomes part of a liquid ) as much of a solid into a chemical mixture as possible
اشتباه کردن، سیر کردن، اغشتن
sedentary
ˈsedənˌteri
adjective
1.characterized by or requiring a sitting posture:
a sedentary occupation.
2.accustomed to sit or rest a great deal or to take little exercise.
▪ The doctors said it was as strong as an ox, considering he was so sedentary.
▪ One celebrated study found that mortality rates for swimmers were lower than for those who are sedentary, walkers, and runners.
نشسته، غیر مهاجر، مقیم در یک جا، غیر متحرک
temerity
təˈmerəti
noun
1.reckless boldness; rashness.
▪ Should the caller have the temerity to ask where they were, the phone call would be quietly ended.
بی پروایی، تهور، بیباکی، جسارت
the world, the flesh, and the devil
temptations that cause man to sin
in a bee line
take the straightest, shortest route
virtuosity
vərt͡ʃuːˈɑːsəti
noun
1.the character, ability, or skill of a virtuoso.
2.a fondness for or interest in virtu.
Hubay is a splendid builder of virtuosity, and has a fine sense for phrasing.
ذوق هنرپیشگی، استعداد هنرهای زیبا یا فنون
make bricks without straw
to attempt to do something without having the necessary materials
,to plan or act on a false premise or unrealistic basis.
,to create something that will not last:
▪ To form governments without the consent of the people is to make bricks without straw.
▪ We have no funds, and we are expected to make bricks without straw !
have the upper hand
to have more power than someone else, so that you are able to control a situation :
▪ Police have gained the upper hand over the drug dealers in the area.
assiduous
əˈsɪdwəs
adjective
very careful to make sure that something is done correctly or completely :
▪ an assiduous study of Austen’s writings
دارای پشتکار، ساعی، مواظب
attest
əˈtest
verb
1 to show or prove that something is true
▪ Students attested to the value of the program.
▪ She’s an excellent cook, as her son can attest .
2 to officially state that you believe something is true, especially in a court of law
گواهی دادن (با to )، شهادت دادن، سوگند یاد کردن، تصدیق امضا کردن
component
kəmˈpoʊnənt
noun
one of several parts that make up a whole machine or system :
▪ stereo components
▪ Exercise is one of the key components of a healthy lifestyle.
اجزا ، ترکیب کننده، ترکیب دهنده، جز
concoct
kənˈkɑːkt
verb
1 to invent a story, excuse, or plan, especially in order to deceive someone :
▪ John had concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.
2 to make something such as a food or drink by mixing different things, especially things that are not usually combined :
▪ Debbie started the business by concocting recipes in her kitchen.
درست کردن، جعل کردن، اختراع کردن، ترکیب کردن، پختن، گواریدن
consummate
ˈkɑːnsəmət
adjective
1 very skillful :
▪ Johnson was a consummate politician.
2 complete and perfect in every way :
▪ one of the consummate masterpieces of German opera
3 used to emphasize how bad someone or something is : ▪ consummate arrogance
بپایان رساندن، انجام دادن، عروسی کردن، بوصالرسیدن، رسیده، تمام وکمال، بحدکمال
deploy
dəˌplɔɪ
verb
1 to put soldiers, military vehicles, weapons, etc. in a particular area or position so that they can fight or do other work, or to get into position in this way :
▪ U.N. troops were deployed in order to keep the peace.
deploy to something
▪ The Marine battalion was preparing to deploy to the region.
2 if a piece of equipment deploys, or you deploy it, it operates or is used :
▪ The air bags deploy when the car is struck from the side.
3 to use skills, ideas, arguments etc. for a particular purpose :
▪ an argument deployed by the prosecutor
گسترش، جبهه، گسترش یافتن، بحالت صف دراوردن، قراردادن قشون
enigma
əˈnɪɡmə
noun, plural enigmas; Chiefly Archaic, enigmata
[uh-nig-muh-tuh] (Show IPA)
1.a puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation:
▪ His disappearance is an enigma that has given rise to much speculation.
2.a person of puzzling or contradictory character:
▪ To me he has always been an enigma, one minute completely insensitive, the next moved to tears.
معما، چیستان، لغز، رمز، بیان مبهم
evaluate
ɪˈvæljuːˌet
verb
1 to judge how good, useful, or successful something is SYN assess :
▪ Your work will be evaluated by the management team.
▪ We are evaluating the success of the campaign
THESAURUS judge , assess , appraise , gauge
2 to calculate the value of a mathematical expression
ارزیابی کردن، تقویم کردن، قیمت کردن، سنجیدن، چیزی را معین کردن
exult
ɪgˈzəlt
verb
to show that you are very happy and proud, especially because you have succeeded in doing something SYN rejoice :
▪ “It was a great day,” Martin exulted.
in/over/at
▪ Republicans exulted in the election results.
جست وخیزکردن، بوجدوطرب آمدن، خوشی کردن، شادی کردن، وجدکردن
fallacious
fəˈleɪʃəs
adjective
containing or based on false ideas :
▪ a fallacious argument
غلط، سفسطه آمیز
fraught
ˈfrɒt
adjective
full of something, especially problems or negative feelings : fraught with peril/danger/risk/problems etc.
▪ Either course of action seemed fraught with danger.
پر، مملو، دارا، همراه، ملازم، بار شده
gullible
ˈɡələbl̩
adjective
too ready to believe what other people say, and therefore easy to trick :
▪ a group of gullible tourists
گول خور
hoax
hoʊks
noun
an attempt to make people believe something that is not true SYN trick :
▪ The UFO sightings were a hoax.
شوخی فریب آمیز، گول زدن، دست انداختن
impeccable
ˌɪmˈpekəbl̩
adjective
completely perfect and impossible to criticize SYN perfect , faultless :
▪ impeccable taste in clothes
بی عیب و نقص
labyrinth
ˈlæbəˌrɪnθ
noun
1 a large network of paths or passages that cross each other, making it very difficult to find your way SYN maze
▪ a labyrinth of underground tunnels
2 something that is very complicated and difficult to understand :
▪ a bureaucratic labyrinth
شکنج، لابیرنت، دخمه پرپیچ وخم، ماز، پلکان مارپیچ، (مجازا) پیچیدگی، چیز بغرنج
manifold
ˈmænɪfoʊld
adjective
many and of different kinds :
▪ the manifold possibilities in life
چند تا، چند برابر، بسیار، زیاد، متعدد، گوناگونی،متنوع کردن، چند برابرکردن
murky
ˈmɜːrki
adjective
1 dark and difficult to see through :
▪ murky water
2 complicated and difficult to understand :
▪ The committee is still working on a number of murky issues.
3 involving dishonest or illegal activities that are kept secret :
▪ the murky world of drug smuggling
تیره
perpetrate
ˈpɜːrpəˌtret
verb
to do something that is seriously wrong or criminal :
▪ groups that perpetrate bombings and other acts of terror
perpetrate something against somebody
▪ Many abuses have been perpetrated against farm workers.
مرتکب شدن، مرتکب کردن، مقصر بودن
resourceful
riˈsɔːrsfəl
adjective
good at finding ways of dealing with practical problems :
▪ a resourceful young man
کاردان، پر مایه و مبتکر
subterfuge
ˈsəbtərˌfjuːdʒ
noun
a secret trick or slightly dishonest way of doing something, or the use of this :
▪ The reporter had used subterfuge to gain admission.
طفره، گریز، طفره زنی، اختفا ، عذر، بهانه
draw in one’s horns
to check one’s anger, to restrain oneself
1. Retreat, back down, restrain oneself, as in The town manager wanted higher taxes but public reaction made him draw in his horns. This expression alludes to the snail’s habit of drawing in the soft projecting parts of its body when it is threatened. The idea was first expressed in the 15th century as shrink one’s horns, and the idiom with draw developed about the same time. The idiom with pull did not appear until a century later.
2. Reduce expenses,
▪ as in That drop in profits will force the company to pull in its horns. [Late 1800s]
put the cart before the horse
to have things in the wrong order; to have things confused and mixed up. (Also with have.)
▪ You’re eating your dessert first! You’ve put the cart before the horse. John has the cart before the horse in most of his projects.
turn the tables
reverse one’s position relative to someone else, especially by turning a position of disadvantage into one of advantage.
▪ “police invited householders to a seminar on how to turn the tables on burglars”
abortive
fruitless, failing
abortive
əˈbɔːrtɪv
adjective
an abortive action is not successful : an abortive attempt/effort
▪ an abortive attempt to ban junk food in schools
▪ He was arrested for organizing the abortive coup (= an attempt to take over a government that fails )
مسقط، رشد نکرده، عقیم، بی ثمر، بی نتیجه
accommodate
əˈkɑːməˌdeɪt
verb
1 to have or provide enough space for a particular number of people or things :
▪ The hotel can only accommodate 200 people.
▪ He bought a huge house to accommodate his library.
2 to accept someone’s opinions or needs and try to do what they want, especially when their opinions or needs are different from yours :
▪ We generally try to accommodate employees’ requests for transfers.
3 to give someone a place to stay, live, or work :
▪ Twenty cabins on the ship are designed to accommodate disabled passengers.
4 to get used to a new situation, or make yourself do this : ▪ Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.
همساز، همساز کردن، جا دادن، منزل دادن، وفق دادن با، تطبیق نمودن، تصفیه کردن، اصلاح کردن، اماده کردن(برای)، پول وام دادن(بکسی)
barometer
bəˈrɑːmətər
noun
1 an instrument for measuring changes in the air pressure, used to look for weather patterns and to calculate height above sea level
2 something that shows or gives an idea of changes that are happening :
▪ Applications for building permits are a barometer of future construction activity.
هواسنج، میزان الهوا ، فشار سنج (برای اندازه‌گیری فشارهوا)
buff
ˈbəf
noun
1.a soft, thick, light-yellow leather with a napped surface, originally made from buffalo skin but later also from other skins, used for making belts, pouches, etc.
2.a brownish-yellow color; tan.
3.a buff stick or buff wheel.
4.a devotee or well-informed student of some activity or subject:
Civil War buffs avidly read the new biography of Grant.
5.Informal. the bare skin:
in the buff.
▪ Still, if Obama is seen as steering a middle course between unyielding partisans, that could buff his centrist credentials.
چرم گاومیش، چرم زرد خوابدار، ضربت، گاو وحشی،زرد نخودی، محکم، از چرم گاومیش، براق کردن، جلا، پوست انسان
conjugal
ˈkɑːndʒəɡəl
adjective
1.of, relating to, or characteristic of marriage:
conjugal vows.
2.pertaining to the relation between marriage partners.
▪ Contrast this vision of conjugal kink with traditional Christianity, which tends to treat sex as, at best, a necessary evil.
نکاحی، ازدواجی
crave
ˈkreɪv
verb
to have an extremely strong desire for something :
▪ Most little kids crave attention.
ارزو کردن، طلبیدن، اشتیاق داشتن
deem
ˈdiːm
verb
to think of or consider something in a particular way SYN consider : deem something appropriate/necessary/acceptable etc.
▪ Judges can give any punishment they deem appropriate.
deem that
▪ Officials deemed that the risks of the mission were too great.
پنداشتن، فرض کردن، خیال کردن
پنداشتن، فرض کردن، خیال کردن
inherent
ˌɪnˈhɪrənt
adjective
a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it :
▪ Dance is an inherent part of the culture.
▪ risks inherent in starting a small business
ذاتی، اصلی، چسبنده
innate
ˌɪˈneɪt
adjective
an innate quality is part of a person’s character from the time they are born :
▪ He has an innate sense of fairness.
درون زاد، ذاتی، فطری، جبلی، مادرزاد، طبیعی، لاینفک، اصلی، داخلی، درونی، چسبنده، غریزی
irrelevant
ɪˈreləvənt
adjective
not useful in or not relating to a particular situation, and therefore not important :
▪ His age is completely irrelevant if he can do the job.
▪ How the problem happened is irrelevant now. We just have to fix it.
نا مربوط، بی ربط
itinerant
aɪˈtɪnərənt
adjective
traveling from place to place, especially to work :
▪ itinerant farm workers
سیار، دوره گرد
latent
ˈleɪtənt
adjective
something that is latent is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future :
▪ The virus remains latent in the body for many years. ➔ see also dormant
پنهان، ناپیدا، پوشیده، درحال کمون، مکنون
modify
ˈmɑːdəˌfaɪ
verb
1 to make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more appropriate or effective :
▪ The feedback will be used to modify the teaching system for next year.
modify something to do something
▪ I modified the handlebars on my bike to make it more comfortable.
2 if an adjective, adverb etc. modifies another word, it describes it or limits its meaning. In the phrase “walk slowly,” the adverb “slowly” modifies the verb “walk.”
تغییر دادن، اصلاح کردن، تعدیل کردن
myriad
ˈmɪriəd
adjective
very many SYN countless :
▪ the myriad causes of homelessness
ده هزار، هزارها، بیشمار
peregrination
ˌperɪɡrɪˈneɪʃn̩
noun
1.travel from one place to another, especially on foot.
2.a course of travel; journey.
▪ They were contented with the peregrination of daily necessity.
مسافرت دور،جهانگردی،دربدری
tortuous
winding
spontaneous
spanˈteɪniəs
adjective
1 happening or done without being planned or organized :
▪ spontaneous applause
2 doing things when you want to, without planning or organizing them first :
▪ I’m trying to be more spontaneous.
3 technical happening suddenly in a natural way
خود بخود، خود انگیز، بی اختیار، فوری
urbane
polished, civilized
veneer
thin covering
under the wire
just in time
to be at large
not confined or in jail
go against the grain
to irritate
wink at
to pretend not to see
amnesty
a general pardon
balk
to refuse to move
blunt
plain spoken
coup
revolution, overthrow
dismantle
take apart, disassemble
exonerate
to free from guilt
expatriate
an exile
fiat
an official order, a decree
legion
large number
mendacious
false, lying
megalomania
abnormal desire for power
nostalgia
yearning for the past
parsimonious
miserly
