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AS PE Sociology > Barriers To Participation > Flashcards

Barriers To Participation Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stereotyping

A

Holding irrational, incomplete or over simplified views of somebody

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2
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating people differently based upon a prejudiced view

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3
Q

Inclusive

A

Actively trying to include all people

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4
Q

Exclusive

A

Preventing people from taking part, either overtly or more subtly e.g. Membership restrictions

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5
Q

Reformative policy

A

Policy that is designed to bring about change for the better

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6
Q

Access

A

Can people take opportunity of clubs and facilities?

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7
Q

Opportunity

A

Are there clubs and facilities for people to partake in physical activity

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8
Q

Target groups

A

Sub group that NGBs and Sport England actively encourage to play sport by developing specific policies to include them

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9
Q

Underrepresentation

A

Sport where sub groups have low representation

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10
Q

Double barrier

A

Sub groups that have two factors limiting their opportunity to play sport such as Muslim women

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11
Q

Whats the difference between sex and gender

A

Sex: biological differences
Gender: culturally determined roles played by men and women in particular societies

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12
Q

How can schools encourage more females to take part in physical activity?

A 
Make pe fun
Single sex lessons
Offer wide range of activities 
Inspirational teachers
ECAs
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13
Q

Are current opportunities for women to take part in sport and physical activity are the same as for men

Yes answers

A 
Women have more leisure time
Women have more disposable income
Promoted in media/role models for women
Improvement in child care facilities
Sport England promotes equality for men and women - target under represented groups
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14
Q

Are current opportunities for women to take part in sport and physical activity are the same as for men?

No answers

A 
Lack of equal opportunities 
Rules prevent women playing against men
Verbal abuse discourages women
Stereotyping women into female sports
Lack of media coverage/ lower prize money for women
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15
Q

Suggest reasons for the increase in female participation

A

Maintaining health/fitness
More role models
Increased leisure time
More independence - don’t have to stay at home
Improvement in child care facilities
More opportunities available - more facilities

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16
Q

Give reasons for the lower participation rates among some ethnic minority groups

A

(Racial) discrimination
Lack of role models
Stereotyping
Links to lower socio-economic status

17
Q

What is the effect of stereotyping on ethnic minority groups in the UK in relation to their participation in sporting activities?

A

Negative reinforcement: continue to do expected sports
Fear of discrimination: leads to avoidance
No promotion of positive role models - no one to break mould
Lower participation

18
Q

Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport in order to increase participation have been effective

Yes answers

A

Increased range of activities in minorities
More role models in UK sport
Awareness education/ effects of discrimination
Sport Development Officers promote participation in minorities
Relaxed kit in PE

19
Q

Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport in order to increase participation have been effective

No answers

A

Minorities from lower socio-economic
Participants may be subject to discrimination
Membership by invitation still exists
Lack of role models for minorities

20
Q

Suggest reasons for lower participation rates for people with a disability

A 
Safety concerns
Stereotype
Low self-esteem
Lack of specialised coaches
Lack of specialised equipment
21
Q

More competitive opportunities for disabled people, how?

A 
Increased media/role models
Disability discrimination act
Adapted activities 
More knowledge of coaches
Disability Sport England
22
Q

Name categories of disability

A

Physical
Mobility
Sensory
Mental impairments

23
Q

Benefits of sport for disabled people

A 
Increase self-esteem
Create positive role models
Decrease stereotyping 
Social interaction
Improve fitness
24
Q

How can participation of disabled be increased

A 
Adapted sports
Designed sports e.g. Boccia
Integration of able-bodied people
Improve access to facilities
Increase number of disabled coaches
25
Q

How could public sector provision encourage increased participation for those in lower socio-economic groups?

A 
Advertising/role models
Reduced costs
Taster sessions
More inner-city facilities
Clubs run at suitable times
School ECAs
26
Q

How could an NGB attempt to improve opportunities for low socio-economic groups?

A 
Develop inner-city tennis schemes
Make facilities affordable/accessible
Change attitudes within sport
Change structural barriers e.g. Membership restrictions 
Raise awareness through advertising
27
Q

How does the government promote sport within socially and economically deprived areas?

A

Community Club Development Programme (Sport England, Dept for Culture, Media and Sport and NGBs provides 250-300 projects)
Sport Action Zones (Wide network of schools, clubs and voluntary organisations)
RAMP: Respect Athlete Mentoring Programme
(delivered by Sport England Youth Sports trust to improve lives of disadvantaged young people)

28
Q

What is the effect of stereotyping on ethnic minority groups in the UK in relation to their participation in sporting activities?

A

Myth of not being suited e.g. Cricket, Pakistanis
Therefore reduces participation in other sports
Considered less capable at administrative
Therefore not given central roles

29
Q

How might social groups such as women, those with a disability or low socio-economic be discriminated against in sport?

A 
Sexism
Stereotyping 
Restrictive membership
Limited competitions
Less tournament earnings
Less media coverage
30
Q

How can organisations such as national governing bodies achieve equality in sporting opportunities for different social groups?

A 
Develop inner-city facilities
Increased role models
Target funding at grass roots of sport
Make facilities better/more accessible
Develop sport policies
Get sport development officers
Raise awareness 
Change attitudes - rid of discrimination
31
Q

Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport for ethnic minority groups have increased participation

Yes answers

A 
Increase in media
Raise expectations 
Avoid channeling
Separate sex lessons
Schools create links with external clubs
NBGs have a multi-cultural policy
32
Q

Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport for ethnic minority groups have increased participation

No answers

A 
Racism still exists
Not encouraged (by parents, peers)
Low priority to sport
Conflict with religious customs
Lack of role models
Stereotyping
33
Q

Prejudice

A

Preconceived idea of somebody

AS PE Sociology (5 decks)

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