Barriers To Participation Flashcards
Stereotyping
Holding irrational, incomplete or over simplified views of somebody
Discrimination
Treating people differently based upon a prejudiced view
Inclusive
Actively trying to include all people
Exclusive
Preventing people from taking part, either overtly or more subtly e.g. Membership restrictions
Reformative policy
Policy that is designed to bring about change for the better
Access
Can people take opportunity of clubs and facilities?
Opportunity
Are there clubs and facilities for people to partake in physical activity
Target groups
Sub group that NGBs and Sport England actively encourage to play sport by developing specific policies to include them
Underrepresentation
Sport where sub groups have low representation
Double barrier
Sub groups that have two factors limiting their opportunity to play sport such as Muslim women
Whats the difference between sex and gender
Sex: biological differences
Gender: culturally determined roles played by men and women in particular societies
How can schools encourage more females to take part in physical activity?
Make pe fun Single sex lessons Offer wide range of activities Inspirational teachers ECAs
Are current opportunities for women to take part in sport and physical activity are the same as for men
Yes answers
Women have more leisure time Women have more disposable income Promoted in media/role models for women Improvement in child care facilities Sport England promotes equality for men and women - target under represented groups
Are current opportunities for women to take part in sport and physical activity are the same as for men?
No answers
Lack of equal opportunities Rules prevent women playing against men Verbal abuse discourages women Stereotyping women into female sports Lack of media coverage/ lower prize money for women
Suggest reasons for the increase in female participation
Maintaining health/fitness
More role models
Increased leisure time
More independence - don’t have to stay at home
Improvement in child care facilities
More opportunities available - more facilities
Give reasons for the lower participation rates among some ethnic minority groups
(Racial) discrimination
Lack of role models
Stereotyping
Links to lower socio-economic status
What is the effect of stereotyping on ethnic minority groups in the UK in relation to their participation in sporting activities?
Negative reinforcement: continue to do expected sports
Fear of discrimination: leads to avoidance
No promotion of positive role models - no one to break mould
Lower participation
Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport in order to increase participation have been effective
Yes answers
Increased range of activities in minorities
More role models in UK sport
Awareness education/ effects of discrimination
Sport Development Officers promote participation in minorities
Relaxed kit in PE
Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport in order to increase participation have been effective
No answers
Minorities from lower socio-economic
Participants may be subject to discrimination
Membership by invitation still exists
Lack of role models for minorities
Suggest reasons for lower participation rates for people with a disability
Safety concerns Stereotype Low self-esteem Lack of specialised coaches Lack of specialised equipment
More competitive opportunities for disabled people, how?
Increased media/role models Disability discrimination act Adapted activities More knowledge of coaches Disability Sport England
Name categories of disability
Physical
Mobility
Sensory
Mental impairments
Benefits of sport for disabled people
Increase self-esteem Create positive role models Decrease stereotyping Social interaction Improve fitness
How can participation of disabled be increased
Adapted sports Designed sports e.g. Boccia Integration of able-bodied people Improve access to facilities Increase number of disabled coaches
How could public sector provision encourage increased participation for those in lower socio-economic groups?
Advertising/role models Reduced costs Taster sessions More inner-city facilities Clubs run at suitable times School ECAs
How could an NGB attempt to improve opportunities for low socio-economic groups?
Develop inner-city tennis schemes Make facilities affordable/accessible Change attitudes within sport Change structural barriers e.g. Membership restrictions Raise awareness through advertising
How does the government promote sport within socially and economically deprived areas?
Community Club Development Programme (Sport England, Dept for Culture, Media and Sport and NGBs provides 250-300 projects)
Sport Action Zones (Wide network of schools, clubs and voluntary organisations)
RAMP: Respect Athlete Mentoring Programme
(delivered by Sport England Youth Sports trust to improve lives of disadvantaged young people)
What is the effect of stereotyping on ethnic minority groups in the UK in relation to their participation in sporting activities?
Myth of not being suited e.g. Cricket, Pakistanis
Therefore reduces participation in other sports
Considered less capable at administrative
Therefore not given central roles
How might social groups such as women, those with a disability or low socio-economic be discriminated against in sport?
Sexism Stereotyping Restrictive membership Limited competitions Less tournament earnings Less media coverage
How can organisations such as national governing bodies achieve equality in sporting opportunities for different social groups?
Develop inner-city facilities Increased role models Target funding at grass roots of sport Make facilities better/more accessible Develop sport policies Get sport development officers Raise awareness Change attitudes - rid of discrimination
Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport for ethnic minority groups have increased participation
Yes answers
Increase in media Raise expectations Avoid channeling Separate sex lessons Schools create links with external clubs NBGs have a multi-cultural policy
Discuss the suggestion that solutions to overcome discrimination in sport for ethnic minority groups have increased participation
No answers
Racism still exists Not encouraged (by parents, peers) Low priority to sport Conflict with religious customs Lack of role models Stereotyping
Prejudice
Preconceived idea of somebody
