barrier contraception Flashcards
what is the mode of action of barrier contraceptives?
Barrier contraception is one of the most common forms of contraception used in the UK. Barrier contraception prevents pregnancy by stopping the male’s sperm from coming into contact with the female’s ovum. Depending on the type of contraception, they may convey a decreased risk of STI transmission.
what are internal and external condoms?
external condoms – typically made of latex, they are rolled down from the tip of the penis to the base. Semen collects in a reservoir at the tip end of the condom. They are proven to reduce transmission of many STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
Internal condoms - made of polyurethane, these are tubular shaped, where an inner ring sits deep in the vagina, with an open outer ring sitting just outside the vulva. The male inserts their penis into the female condom, preventing contact with the vagina. They are proven to reduce transmission of many STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
what are diaphragms and cervical caps?
Diaphragms – these are typically rubber structures with a metal inner frame that spans the posterior fornix to the anteroinferior wall of the vagina, covering the cervix and therefore preventing entry of semen. They are held in place by a combination of vaginal tone, the rigid metal inner frame and the pubic symphysis. Often combined with spermicide to increase their efficiency.
Cervical caps – these sit directly over the cervix, and are held in place by suction and vaginal tone. They are often combined with spermicide to increase their efficiency.
what are the advantages of the male condom?
Not contraindicated by any condition exception latex allergy, in which other materials (such as polyurethane) can be used, with similar efficiency rate.
It is the only contraceptive method mentioned that is controlled by the male, which may be desirable by the couple.
Widely available and simple to use, and only need to be used immediately before intercourse.
Are protective against many STIs.
what are the advantages of the internal condom?
No contraindications.
Less likely to tear than the male condom.
May protect against some STIs.
Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse.
what are the advantages of the diaphragm/cap?
Can be inserted up to 3 hours before intercourse.
what are the disadvantages of the external condom?
Perfect use: 95%.
Typical use: around 79%.
Perfect use is rarely achieved – may tear or couple may lack motivation to use them every time.
Can reduce sensitivity and/or arousal.
what are the disadvantages of an internal condom?
Perfect use: 95%.
Typical use: around 79%
Perfect use is rarely achieved – may become dislodged or couple may lack motivation to use them every time.
Penis may be inserted between condom and vaginal wall.
Can be noisy and/or uncomfortable for the woman during intercourse.
what are the disadvantages of the diaphragm/cap?
Perfect use: 92–96%.
Typical use: 71–88%.
Perfect use is rarely achieved – may tear or couple may lack motivation to use them every time.
They require prior planning and careful insertion.
They require measuring and fitting to find the correct size – any weight gain or pregnancy mandates a refitting.
They are associated with a higher risk of urinary tract infections.
Most likely due to the position of the diaphragm/cap putting pressure on the urethra.
STI transmission is not reduced – in fact spermicide may irritate vaginal mucosa, possibly increasing the rate of transmission.
