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Music History 1: An Overview > Baroque compositions > Flashcards

Baroque compositions Flashcards

1
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds tempo

A

not indicated

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2
Q

Overture Section A affection

A

majestic, mysterious, welcoming

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4
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt form

A

two-part structure

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6
Q

Vivaldi sacred work-oratorio ex.

A

Juditha Triumphans

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7
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord image

A

fluttering wings depicted by ascending broken arpeggio 16th notes

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8
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them key

A

begins in D major

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9
Q

La Primavera title of first four

A

La Quattro Stagioni

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10
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major structure

A
  • two books
  • each book 24 preludes and fugues, organized in pairs if tonic major and minor keys
  • begins with c major and c minor, then moves up chromatically ending with B major and b minor
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11
Q

La Primavera source

A
  • (program) sonnets most likely err item by Vivdi, describing the seasons of the year
  • portions of the text were printed above the corresponding passages in the origin score
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13
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly key

A

begins job d major

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15
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds key

A

c major

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16
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major #background

A

7

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18
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly time signature

A

common time

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22
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt time signature

A

3/4

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23
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt orchestration

A

reduced (no cello or continuo)

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24
Q

La Primavera #background

A

9

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25
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them

A
  1. type of recitative
  2. key
  3. tempo
  4. time signature
  5. begin
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27
Q

Soprano recitative #And suddenly

A

6

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28
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly form

A

ABA1

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29
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them type of recitative

A

recitativo secco

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31
Q

Messiah structure

A
  • three parts-each contain multiple movements
  • part 1-the prophecy of the coming if Christ and his birth
  • part 1-Christ’s suffering, death, and the spread of his doctrine
  • part 3-the redemption if the world through faith
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32
Q

La Primavera performing forces

A

solo violin, strings, continuo

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33
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly

A
  1. type of recitative
  2. key
  3. tempo
  4. time signature
  5. begin
  6. image
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34
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds type of recitative

A

recitativo secco

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37
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt poetic image

A

nymphs and shepherd dance gaily to the festive sound of rustic bagpipes as they welcome spring

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38
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord type of recitative

A

recitativo accompagnato

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40
Q

La Primavera genre

A

solo violin concerto

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42
Q

Prelude in b flat Major

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. texture
  5. structure
  6. section A
  7. section B
  8. affection
  9. technical
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44
Q

chorus Glory to God begin

A

“Glory to God, Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth”

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45
Q

Soprano recitative #And the angel said unto them

A

5

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46
Q

Vivaldi sacred work-motet ex.

A

Gloria

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47
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds begun

A

“There were shepherds abiding in the field”

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48
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt poetic image

A

•the goatherd sleeps in a flowery meadow with his faithful dog beside him. the leaves rustle gently

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49
Q

Fugue in b flat Major episode 1

A
  • leads to G minor
  • subject appears in g minor
  • tonal answer in C minor
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53
Q

Vivaldi opera ex.

A
  • Orlando furioso

* Griselda

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55
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt form

A

ritornello

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56
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly type of recitative

A

recitativo accompagnato

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57
Q

Overture #general

A

5

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58
Q

chorus Glory to God image

A

“and peace” and “on earth” are separated by an octave

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59
Q

Bach keyboard work(s)

A
  • collection for students
  • two/three-part inventions(known as sinfonias)
  • toccatas
  • French/English suites
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60
Q

Prelude in b flat Major structure

A

binary (AB) form

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62
Q

Fugue in b flat Major episode 2

A
  • leads to E flat major
  • partial (two-measure) entry of the tonal answer in E flat major
  • complete entry of subject in E flat major
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66
Q

Prelude in b flat Major time signature

A

common time

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67
Q

chorus Glory to God tempo

A

allegro

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68
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major genre

A

keyboard music-prelude and fugues

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69
Q

Fugue in b flat Major tonal answer

A

•presented by middle voice in F major (dominant)

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70
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord key

A

f major

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73
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly #section B

A

3

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74
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly #general

A

4

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75
Q

Fugue in b flat Major technical

A

playing 2 voices on 1 hand

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76
Q

La Primavera cause

A

for Conservatorio Ospedale della Pietà

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78
Q

Messiah source if text

A

Biblical prose-Old and New Testaments

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81
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major background

A
  1. genre
  2. date
  3. composer
  4. op. no.
  5. collection
  6. significance of title
  7. structure
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82
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds time signature

A

common time

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83
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly time signature

A

common time

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84
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section A begin

A

“Rejoice, rejoice, rejoice greatly, I daughter of Zion”

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86
Q

chorus Hallelujah key

A

d major

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87
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly tempo

A

not indicated

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90
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them tempo

A

not indicated

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91
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt orchestration

A

ripieno

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92
Q

La Primavera date

A

1725

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93
Q

Soprano recitative #And lo! The angel if The Lord

A

6

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96
Q

Overture Section B answer

A

tonal

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97
Q

Prelude in b flat Major section A

A
  • broken chord passages played in breathless thirty-second notes and grated sequentially
  • ends in F major (dominant key) and proceeds to immediately to the next section
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98
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major op. no.

A

No.21

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102
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly parts

A
  1. general
  2. Section A
  3. Section B
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103
Q

Prelude in b flat Major

A

9

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104
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt time signature

A

12/8

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105
Q

Fugue in b flat Major number of voices

A

3

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106
Q

Overture general

A
  1. title in original score
  2. genre
  3. form
  4. key
  5. time signature
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108
Q

chorus Hallelujah time signature

A

common time

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109
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major collection

A

The Well-Tempered Clavier

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110
Q

chorus Glory to God key

A

d major

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111
Q

chorus Hallelujah

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. “Hallelujah”
  5. “and He shall reign”
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112
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt key

A

e major

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113
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly image

A

lots of wings fluttering depicted by 16th note interval chords

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114
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt key

A

C sharp minor

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115
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt tempo

A

allegro

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117
Q

chorus Glory to God time signature

A

common time

118
Q

Prelude in b flat Major tempo

A
  • not indicated

* style implies to be quick in the manner of a toccata

119
Q

Overture Section A

A
  1. tempo
  2. texture
  3. predominant rhythm
  4. affection
120
Q

Messiah composer

A

George Frideric Haydn

121
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly #section A

122
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major composer

A

Johann Sebastian Bah

124
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section B

A
  1. key
  2. begin
  3. contrast
125
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them begin

A

“And the angel said unto them ‘Fear not”

126
Q

Bach keyboard work-sinfonia ex.

A

The Well-Tempered Clavier

128
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section A image

A

“rejoice” sung in fast melismatic cheery 16th notes depicting delight

131
Q

Soprano recitative #There Were Shepherds

132
Q

Vivaldi sacred work(s)

A
  • oratorios

* motets

133
Q

Soprano recitative parts

A
  1. There Were Shepherds
  2. And lo! The angel of The Lord
  3. And the angel said unto them
  4. And suddenly
134
Q

Prelude in b flat Major section B

A
  • continue the toccatas-like style with the use of rapid cadenza-like runs that emerge from arpeggios red seventh chord
  • virtuosity is highlighted throughout
  • the improvisatory style, contrast to the controlled order in the fugue that follows
135
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section B contrast

A

slower, modulation, major-minor

136
Q

Overture Section B affection

A

excitement, celebratory

138
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly tempo

141
Q

chorus Glory to God

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. begin
  5. image
142
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt verse 1

A
  • poetic image; the birds celebrate with festive song

* depicted by high pitched trills, repeated-note figures

144
Q

Overture Section B

A
  1. tempo
  2. texture
  3. number of voices
  4. subject introduced by
  5. answer
  6. affection
145
Q

Fugue in b flat Major affection

A

calmed down from excitement

146
Q

Overture #Section A

148
Q

Prelude in b flat Major texture

A

homophonic and polyphonic

150
Q

chorus Hallelujah “and He shall reign”

A
  • imitative polyphony
  • contrast by quarter notes instead of 8th notes (longer value), texture change
  • climax crested by trumpets, timpani, and longer sustained notes
152
Q

Overture key

155
Q

chorus #Hallelujah

159
Q

Messiah parts

A
  1. Overture
  2. There Were Shepherds (soprano recitative)
  3. Glory to God (chorus)
  4. Rejoice Greatly (soprano aria)
  5. Hallelujah
160
Q

Messiah Overture parts

A
  1. general
  2. Section A
  3. section B
163
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord tempo

165
Q

Messiah genre

166
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly key

A

B-flat major

167
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major significance of tie

A
  • “Well-Tempered” refers to newly invented tuning system did keyboard instruments
  • “Clavier” is German word for key board instruments other than organ
  • allows for pieces to be written in any key
168
Q

Overture Section B number of voices

170
Q

Overture time signature

A

common time

171
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section B key

172
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly general

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. form
173
Q

Overture title in original score

178
Q

Bach chamber music(s)

A
  • six unaccompanied suites for cello
  • six unaccompanied a katas and partitas for violin
  • sonata for flute, viola da gamba, violin, and harpsichord
179
Q

Bach keyboard work-collection for students ex.

A

Notebook for Anna Magdalena/Wilhelm Friedemann

180
Q

La Primavera background

A
  1. genre
  2. date
  3. composer
  4. op. no.
  5. subtitle of collection
  6. subtitle of first 4
  7. source
  8. cause
  9. performing forces
181
Q

chorus Hallelujah tempo

182
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section B begin

A

“He is the righteous Saviour, and he shall speak peace unto the heathen.”

183
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord

A
  1. type if recitative
  2. key
  3. tempo
  4. time signature
  5. begin
  6. image
184
Q

Bach vocal work(s)

A
  • cantatas

* passions

185
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section A word painting

A

“shout” was loud and sung on a single note

186
Q

soprano aria Rejoice Greatly section A

A
  1. begin
  2. image
  3. word painting
187
Q

La Primavera composer

A

Antonio Vivaldi

188
Q

chorus Hallelujah “Hallelujah”

A

homorhythmic, blocked chordal texture

189
Q

Overture #Section B

190
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. form
  5. orchestration
  6. ritornello theme
  7. verse 1
  8. verse 2
  9. verse 3
191
Q

Fugue in b flat Major time signature

192
Q

Overture Section A texture

A
  • homophonic

* homorhythmic

193
Q

Fugue in b flat Major fugal exposition

A
  • subject in tonic presented by too voice and is unusually long)
  • compromised if two motives, first is mostly distinct, second is conjunct
  • outlines tonic-dominant seventh harmony
194
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord begin

A

“And lo! The angel of The Lord came upon to them”

195
Q

Messiah cause

A

for a benefit concert in Dunlin, Ireland

197
Q

Handel opera ex.

A
  • Rinaldo
  • Giulio Cesare
  • Serses
  • Orlando
198
Q

Prelude in b flat Major affection

A

cheerful, joyful, lively, happy, alive

199
Q

Soprano recitative And lo! The angel if The Lord time signature

A

common time

200
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt orchestration

201
Q

Soprano recitative And the angel said unto them time signature

A

common time

202
Q

Soprano recitative And suddenly begin

A

“And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude if the heav’nly host”

205
Q

Prelude in b flat Major technical

A

fast finger work while correct notation

207
Q

Overture Section A tempo

208
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt tempo

210
Q

Overture Section B subject introduced by

A

1st violins and oboes

212
Q

Overture Section A predominant rhythm

A

dotted figure

215
Q

Bach orchestral work ex.

A

six “Brandenburg concertos”

216
Q

chorus #Glory to God

219
Q

Overture form

A

A (repeated) B

221
Q

Handel oratorio ex.

A
  • Messiah
  • Judas Maccabeus
  • Isreal in Egypt
224
Q

Overture Section B tempo

A

allegro moderato

226
Q

Fugue in b flat Major texture

A

polyphonic

229
Q

Messiah librettist

A

Charles Jennens

230
Q

Overture Section B texture

A

polyphonic (fugal)

233
Q

Soprano recitative There Were Shepherds

A
  1. type of recitative
  2. key
  3. tempo
  4. time signature
  5. begin
234
Q

Messiah date

A

1742, composed the previous summer in just twenty-four days

235
Q

Overture genre

A

French Overture

236
Q

Fugue in b flat Major tempo

A
  • not indicated on the score

* (moderately) fast

238
Q

Fugue in b flat Major

243
Q

Messiah language

244
Q

La Primavera subtitle of collection

A

il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione (The contrast between harmony and inspiration)

247
Q

Fugue in b flat Major

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. texture
  5. number of voices
  6. fugal exposition
  7. tonal answer
  8. countersubject
  9. episode 1
  10. episode 2
  11. final section
  12. affection
  13. technical
249
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt verse 3

A
  • poetic image; murmuring dreams are caressed by gentle breezes
  • depicted by violins playing a rapid, undulating figure
252
Q

Bach #French/English suites

254
Q

Messiah background

A
  1. genre
  2. date
  3. composer
  4. cause
  5. source of text
  6. librettist
  7. language
  8. structure
  9. performing forces
257
Q

Handel keyboard work(s)

A

for organ and harpsichord

260
Q

Bach orchestral work(s)

A
  • four orchestral suites
  • violin concertos
  • harpsichord concertos
261
Q

Fugue in b flat Major countersubject

A
  • countersubject 2 in top voice

* subject in bass voice

262
Q

Fugue in b flat Major key

A

B-flat major

263
Q

Handel sacred vocal work ex.

A
  • Ode for Saint Cecilia

* Te Deum

266
Q

Messiah performing forces

A
  • SATB soloists

* SATB chorus and string orchestra with continuo, oboes, bassoons, trumpets, and timpani

267
Q

Bach #vocal work-cantata

A

approximately 200

269
Q

Prelude in b flat Major key

A

B-flat major

271
Q

Messiah #background

273
Q

Bach vocal work-passion ex.

A
  • St. Matthew/John Passion

* mass in b minor

275
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt tempo

276
Q

Handel orchestral work(s)

A
  • Suites
  • Concerti grosso
  • organ concertos
280
Q

Handel orchestral work-suite ex.

A
  • Water music

* Music for the Royal Fireworks

286
Q

Handel chamber music(s)

A

trio sonatas

293
Q

La Primavera op. no.

A

op.7, no.1

301
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt time signature

A

common time

313
Q

Bach keyboard work-French/English suites ex.

A
  • Italian concerto

* Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue

319
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt key

321
Q

Prelude and Fugue in b flat Major date

A
  • book 1-1722

* book 2-1742

322
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt form

A

ritornello form

323
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. form
  5. orchestration
  6. poetic image
  7. depiction
327
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt

A
  1. key
  2. tempo
  3. time signature
  4. form
  5. orchestration
  6. poetic image
  7. depiction
332
Q

Bach organ work(s)

A
  • chorale preludes
  • toccatas
  • passacaglias
  • fugues
333
Q

La Primavera #3rd mvt

335
Q

La Primavera 3rd mvt depiction

A
  • the bass note (drones of bagpipe)

* lilting compound meter (dance-like character)

340
Q

La Primavera 2nd mvt depiction

A
  • the solo violin’s languorous melody (sleeping goatherd)
  • the violin’s dotted-note figure in parallel thirds (rustling leaves)
  • the viola ostinato (barking dog)
346
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt ritornello theme

A
  • played by violins
  • poetic image; spring has arrived
  • depicted by spirited rhythmic figures, bright character, celebratory dance-like quality
349
Q

La Primavera 1st mvt verse 3

A
  • poetic image; storm clouds darken the sky, bringing thunder and lightning
  • depicted by remands passages played by violins (thunder), riding thirty-second note scales (lightening)
  • technical challenges; fast arms at the the same angle
361
Q

La Primavera #2nd mvt

369
Q

La Primavera #1st mvt

384
Q

Vivaldi #concerto

386
Q

Vivaldi concerto(s)

A
  • concerto gross, solo concerto
  • mostly for violin
  • bassoon, oboe, flute, viola, cello, mandolin
387
Q

Vivaldi #opera

Music History 1: An Overview (4 decks)

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