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Music theory > Baroque and classical music > Flashcards

Baroque and classical music Flashcards

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1
Q

What is metre?

A

The speed, time signature and forming of the pulse/beat.

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2
Q

What is timbre?

A

The musical quality of tone from different notes and instruments.

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3
Q

How many beats are there in 6/8 time? What type?

A

Two dotted crotchets (or 6 quaver notes).

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4
Q

What is the relative minor to G major?

A

E minor

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5
Q

What is the relative minor to Ab Major?

A

F minor

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6
Q

What is the relative minor to B major?

A

G# minor

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7
Q

What major and minors key have 3 sharps?

A

A major and F# minor

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8
Q

What major and minor have 3 flats?

A

Eb major and C minor

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9
Q

What major and minor have 4 sharps?

A

E major and C# minor

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10
Q

What major and minor keys have 2 flats?

A

Bb major and G minor

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11
Q

What are the seven chords in a key, in order?

A

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant,, sub-mediant, leading note.

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12
Q

What is the content of the 12 bar blues?

A

C(4 bars), F(4 bars), C(2 bars), G(1 bar), F(1 bar), C(2 bars)

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13
Q

Name 6 Guitar techniques.

A

Power Chords (triads without a third), Palm muting, Blues scale, Hammer ons/pull offs, Pitch bend, Tapping.

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14
Q

What is a riff?

A

A fiff is a short melodic idea that is repeated many times, it is common in rock and pop.

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15
Q

Name four digital effects.

A

Distortion/Overdrive, Echo, Reverb ( making the sound as if it is played in a larger space), Automatic double tracking.

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16
Q

What are the two types of dissonances?

A

Diatonic and chromatic.

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17
Q

What is a leitmotif, what is an ostinato?

A

A leitmotif is a repeating phrase that is associated with a character, theme or trope. An Ostinato is a riff or repeated phrase.

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18
Q

When was the Baroque era?

A

1650-1750

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19
Q

What does a continuo consist of?

A

A bass instrument such as cello or double bass and a chord instrument, such as a harpsichord , lute , guitar or organ.

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20
Q

Define the following: Homophonic
Polyphonic
Monophonic
Melody and accompaniment

A

Homophonic- Several parts changing at the same time.
Polyphonic- Several parts moving independently
Monophonic- Single line moving independently
Melody and accompaniment- YOU HAVE A BRAIN! USE IT

21
Q

What is a concerto?

A

A piece of work (typically classical) for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.

22
Q

What is a Rondo?

A

A movement with the structure ABACAD ( a common last movement in Concertos)

23
Q

What is a Cadenza?

A

An opportunity in the piece for a soloist to show off, it is usually very difficult.

24
Q

What is a symphony?

A

An orchestral piece in four movements:

Fast, Slow, Minuet/scherzo, Fast

25
Q

What are the four different types of cadences?

A

Perfect, Imperfect, Plagal and Interrupted.

26
Q

What are the chords in a perfect cadence?

A

Tonic to Dominant.

27
Q

What are the chords in an interrupted cadence?

A

A interrupted, or sometimes coined “Deceptive” cadence changes most commonly from Dominant to Sub-mediant.

28
Q

What are the chords in an imperfect cadence?

A

Any cadential progression that ends on the Dominant.

29
Q

What are the chords in a plagal cadence?

A

Tonic to sub-dominant.

30
Q

What is a diminished chord?

A

When a minor interval is made a semitone smaller.

31
Q

What is an augmented chord?

A

When a major interval is made a semitone larger.

32
Q

What are the success criteria for a description of rhythm?

A 
Change of metre
Change from simple time to compound time
syncopation/cross rhythms
Dotted rhythms/triplets
Change of temperature
33
Q

What are the names of the chords in a key?

A

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading note, tonic.

34
Q

What is tunato?

A

It likes like a short dash above a note and it tells you that a note should be played for its full length, or longer.

35
Q

What does strophic mean?

A

Strophic songs have verses and choruses were the chord patterns and the melodies repeat. They are often present in pop, rock and hymnal music.

36
Q

What is the typical structure of a pop song?

A

Intro, verse, pre-chorus, Chorus, Bridge/ middle 8, Solo, outro/coda.

37
Q

Name one coronation anthem.

A

Zadok the priest.

38
Q

What are some ways to tell if a piece of music is from the baroque or the classical period?

A

If there are more players in the chorus, use of the clarinet ( was not invented in baroque), more strong dynamic contrasts, symmetrical balanced phrases, frequent use of tonic and dominant, piano rather than harpsichord.

39
Q

What is sonata form? What does this mean?

A

A sonata has three parts, a) exposition, b)development, c) recapitulation.
Exposition- usually has two groups and is repeated, the first group is usually in the tonic and the second in the dominant for a contrasting key
Development- develops more than exposition.
Recapitulation- repeat of first and second group in the tonic

40
Q

Name 5 ornaments.

A

Trill, turn- n,na,n,nb,n, Mordent- wn, na wna, diatonic na, tremolo- rapid repetition and playing of one note, glissando- a slide

41
Q

What is the difference between appoggiatura and acciaccatura?

A 
An appoggiatura (leaning note) is a dissonance that is played on the beat and resolves by step to a noe in the chord.
An acciaccatura (grace note) is the same as an appoggiatura, but it is played as quickly as possible.
42
Q

When was the romantic period?

A

The romantic period was from around 1820 to 1910

43
Q

Who was Frederyk Chopin?

A

He was a famous composer who wrote during the romantic period, he wrote mostly for piano, wrote collections of short pieces and wrote waltzes, masurkes, polonaises and preludes.

44
Q

Name four ways the piano developed during the Romantic period.

A

1) stronger frame allowed greater dynamic contrast
2) more keys allowed greater range of pitches
3) Pedals also increased sonority
4) the piano became mass produced and cheaper so more people could learn to play

45
Q

What is fermata?

A

a form of articulation that means you hold the noe for longer than it’s full length.

46
Q

What is a requiem?

A

A requiem is a type of mass performed in church. It is a religious work for chorus orchestra and vocal soloist. They are purposed to commemorate a person who has died. They are often gigantic in scale, involving large amounts of singers and musicians.

47
Q

What is modulation?

A

The changing of key within a piece.

48
Q

Who was Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)?

A

He was a famous composer who lived in vienna. He worked for the rich aristocrat Prince Niklans the 1st whilst Haydn had to compose for his personal orchestra.
When Haydn travelled to England, he had a huge impression on English audiences. He wrote over 100 symphonies, twelve of which were composed during his visit to England.

Music theory (2 decks)

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