Baroque

Question 0

Characteristics of new style

Answer 0

Lots of contrast, loud/soft, high/low, fast/slow, chromatic notes, soloist and orchestra

Question 1

Baroque, describe

Answer 1

Means ugly pearl in Portuguese, overblown and overdone, unity and clarity, emotion over balance

Question 2

What is a concerto?

Answer 2

Soloist and orchestra

Question 3

What is the basso continuo?

Answer 3

1 bass line player, 1 keyboard harmony

Question 4

Harmony in Baroque

Answer 4

Surpasses melody in importance, rules for harmony developed

Question 5

3 styles in baroque

Answer 5

Church, chamber, theatrical

Question 6

What is Monody?

Answer 6

New vocal style, ultra word painting

Question 7

Patronage in Baroque

Answer 7

Benefactors and courts were still important to musical success

Question 8

Opera

Answer 8

Began in baroque, tried to recreate greek drama, Euridice-first opera, first public opera house in Venice

Question 9

Monteverdi

Answer 9

Director of St. Marks in Venice, wrote many madrigals

Question 10

Recitative vs Aria

Answer 10

Telling of story vs. Emotion

Question 11

Heinrich Schütz

Answer 11

Germany, always had voices, mostly sacred, counterpart to Monteverdi, 1st great in Germany, peaked during 30 yrs war

Question 12

Dietrich Buxtehude

Answer 12

Germany, lead northern keyboard composer, fugues, mainstream

Question 13

Henry Purcell

Answer 13

England, inspired by Italian music, “ground base” repeating the base part, made instrumental and theater music

Question 14

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Answer 14

France, From Italy, ruled all musical ops in France, created tradition of French opera

Question 15

Jacquet de la Guerre

Answer 15

France, violin and harpsichord

Question 16

François couperin

Answer 16

France, Most important in 18th C., chamber music, lots of emotion, 225 harpsichord pieces, wrote book on playing harpsichord

Question 17

Jean-Philippe Rameau

Answer 17

France, successor to Lully, wrote music theory, straight forward aria in opera

Question 18

Alessandro Scarlatti

Answer 18

Italy, director in naples, claims 88 operas/cantatas, ABA format, 3 movements–> fast slow fast

Question 19

Arcangelo Corelli

Answer 19

Italy, instrumental music, perfected forms of time, 4 movements in church sonata slow fast slow fast

Question 20

Antonio Vivaldi

Answer 20

Italy, also a priest, Venice, 45 operas (no good), Gloria-most popular sacred work, vigor, strong rhythm, driving force, concertos- soloist/character in 500 of them

Question 21

Ritternello

Answer 21

A musical phrase that keeps coming back

Question 22

Domenico Scarlatti

Answer 22

Harpsichordist, 520 harpsichord sonatas in AB form

Question 23

Affect in opera

Answer 23

An emotion

Question 24

Bach overview

Answer 24

Moved around in Germany, 200 cantatas (30 secular), used augmentation and diminution in compositions

Question 25

Cantata 80

Answer 25

One affect per movement 
                 Aria Chorus
      Recitative.     Recitative 
   Duet.                    Duet
Chorus                      Chorus

Question 26

Other Bach works

Answer 26

Passions, Magnificat, b minor, soloist-characters, chorus-emotion/crowd

Question 27

Bach’s harpsichord

Answer 27

Well tempered, 2 parts, free-style, revolutionary

Question 28

Bach’s chamber

Answer 28

Music for small groups of instruments, harpsichord played melody, everyone else harmony

Question 29

Summary of bach’s style

Answer 29

Influenced by Italians- concise melodies, expands Ritternello, by French- unequal notes,

Question 30

Bach organ works

Answer 30

Mostly part of choral service, ground base writing-must improvise harmony

Question 31

Handel vs Bach

Answer 31

Handel traveled and likes operas

Question 32

Handel oratorio

Answer 32

Evolves from masque (music with words), theatrical, organ/string music in intermission, a lot more story than aria, chorus loved by the English, singers expected to ornament,

Question 33

Borrowings

Answer 33

Everyone did it, borrowing inspiration and music from counterparts