Baronial Factions/ The Story Flashcards
who was heir apparent until 1447
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry’s brother
who did the Neville and the Percy family side with
Neville’s sided with DoYork (he was married to Cecily Neville)
Percy’s with HVI and Somerset (related to them)
who was heir apparent after DoGloucester died
Richard Plantagenet Duke of York
what happened in 1446 that kickstarted DoSomerset and DoYorks hatred
DoY replaced by DoSomerset to be Lieutenant of France, DoY became Lieutenant of Ireland which he saw as a demotion
give an economic reason why DoY was angry at HVI/ Somerset
DoY owed £38,000 by the crown and was not paid back unlike other magnates such as DoS
when does DoY return from Ireland and what is it for
he returns in september 1450 to present a bill of his own personal grievances and then general public grievances to HVI
what became of the bills York presented in 1450
York appointed to royal council and law and order was established throughout england (not)
what did York include in his list of grievances that did not occur
Somerset was not removed; York was not repaid or made heir apparent
who was Thomas Younge and what did he do
MP for Bristol/ DoYork’s councillors proposed bill recognising York as heir but was arrested and put in the Tower
what happened to Somerset in 1451 which increased tensions
he was made Captain of Calais (he had largest army at crowns disposal)
what happens in 1452 and what is York’s role and aim
York raises army to meet kings forces at Dartford to remove Somerset with the support of the EoDevon and Lord Conham
is York successful at Dartford?
no; DoBuckingham, EoWarwick, EoSalisbury remian loyal to king
Act of Attainder passed to make York give a public apology and take oath to remain loyal
what happened in 1453 which increased tensions for both DoS and DoY
Henry has a son so neither are heir presumptive anymore
how did tensions increase between DoY and DoS during York’s first protectorate
York imprisoned Somerset without a formal charge and tried to execute him for treason but lost his support trying to
what was the main trigger for the conflict between the percies and the neville’s in the north
marriage of Thomas Neville and Maud Stanhope ; her father Cromwell owned land that used to belong to Northumberland, a Percy, who was mad that the Neville’s will inherit his land
what happened in the Percy Neville feud in 1453
Lord Egremont and Richard Percy ambushed Neville wedding party to assassinated EoSalisbury and others
what did HVI do about the Percy Neville feud
summoned them to explain their actions after violent outbreaks ; he was weak and ineffective
what happened in the south regarding the Courtenay’s and the Bonvilles
Thomas Courtenay, EoDevon vs William Bonville LBonbille of Chewton competing to be dominant family in Devon; EoDevon places Bonville stronghold Taunton Castle under siege
how was the Courtenay Bonville feud resolved
York, during first protectorate, intervened and caused EoDevon to support HVI after supporting York at Dartford
who did the Bonvilles end up allying with
York after the first BoStAlbans
what reignited the Courtenay Bonville feud in 1455
Daughter of EoSalisbury married Bonvilles grandson so Courtenays killed Bonvilles lawyer Nicholas Redford and attacked Exeter and Powderhan Castle—> defeated Bonvilles at Clyst
how does York create enemies after the first BoStAlbans
DoSomerset, EoNorthumberland, Buckingham and Do Clifford dead
imprisoned Thomas Courtenay EoDevon
what did York and Warwick gain from the first BoStAlbans
York became Lord Constable and Warwick Captain of Calais
also used Somerset as a scapegoat
who tried to get revenge on Warwick in 1456
DoExeter, EoShrewsbury and new DoSomerset (Henry Beaufort) but unsuccessful
when was HVI first attempt to create peace and stop the blood feuds
January 1458
what did HVI do in January 1458
held a Great Council to make peace but DoYork brought 400 retainers, EoSalisbury 500 r, EoWarwick 600 r, DoSomerset 800 r, EoNorthumbeland, Egremont and Clifford brought 1500 r
how many retainers did the Lancastrian and Yorkist factions have in total at the 1458 Great Council
Yorkist 1500 retainers
Lancastrian 2300 retainers
what was the aftermath of the 1458 Great Council
2 months of negotiations until EoNorthumberland, EoClifford, EoEgrememt tried to ambush DoYork and EoSalisbury
what is HVI second attempt at making peace and when
Loveday 24th March 1458
when does loveday happen and what occurs
24/03/1458 HVI invites both factions to walk into St. paul’s church arm in arm
what does MoA try to do to EoWarwick to limit his power in 1458
get him tried for piracy
what happens to Warwick in 1458
he openly defies gov orders and incites riot in court ; almost killed in royal kitchens with a spit; MoA warrants for his arrest ; he flees until returning to say only parliament could surrender his captaincy of calais to DoSomerset ; attached by Somerset’s retainers and escapes to calais
describe the outbreak of violence between the Neville’s and Percy’s
not a culmination of a long developing rivalry but a sudden explosion of pent up resentment by the younger generations of Percy’s frustrated by a never ending expansion of Neville might in the North
what event (not battle) occurred in 1459
MoA, Humphrey Stafford and DoBuckingham convinced HVI that York and Warwick wanted the throne; York accused of treason at Great Council
how did DoYork react to MoA accusing him of treason in 1459
called a meeting at Ludlow Castle; Warwick made it from Calais but Salisbury was intercepted at BoBloreHeath
what stopped Salisbury from getting to Ludlow Castle in 1459 and what was the result of it
The Battle of Blore Heath; Yorkist victory and Lord Audley killed
what message did the Yorkists send to HVI after the BoBloreHeath and how did HVI respond
expressed their loyalty to HVI and accused his evil advisors instead ; responded that Yorkists would be pardoned except those who killed Lord Audley (no one accepted)
what battle occurred after BoBloreHeath
Battle of Ludford Bridge
why did the Battle of Ludford Bridge occur
Yorkists didn’t accept pardon after BoBloreHeath so Lancastrians followed Yorkists army
who failed at the BoLudfordBridge and why
Yorkists; outnumbered 3:1 so many Yorkist leaders fled and Warwick’s Calais army wouldn’t fight HVI ( he was present)
where did everyone flee after the BoLudfordBridge
York and his second eldest son Edmund to Ireland
Edward Earl of March (oldest son) fled to Calais
Cecily Neville captured
what was MoA’s big mistake
Parliament if Devils Act of Attainder
when was the Parliament of Devils and what happened
1459; Yorkist leaders land/goods forfeited to the Crown and sentenced to death and their heirs disinherited via the Act of Attainder
why was the Parliament of Devils MoA’s big mistake
barons/nobles who were loyal to HVI shocked and scared so they switched sides; punishing Yorkist heirs so extreme it causes Yorkist support
when was the Yorkist invasion and who was it led by
1460; Warwick and Edward EoMarch
what were the events of the Yorkist invasion
EoWarwick and EoMarch landed in Sandwich with 2000 men
EoW admitted into Canterbury to be blessed before marching into London where the mayor opened the gates to him due to popular feeling
how many were in EoWarwicks army during the Yorkist Invasion when they marched in London
40,000
when was the BoNorthampton and who won
1460; Yorkist victory
why did the Yorkists win at the BoNorthampton
bad weather conditions stopped Lancastrian guns firing; Lancastrians outnumbered
how long did the BoNorthampton go on for
30 minutes
who died at the BoNorthampton
DoBuckingham, Shrewsbury, Egremont and Beaumont
what was York’s bug mistake and when was it
touching the throne (Act of Accord?) 1460
what happened in reference to the Act of Accord 1460
after BoNorthampton Parliament called to revoke Act of Attainder (not done instantly) and York put his hand on the throne putting forward a Yorkist claim to the throne then Act of Accord passed
what did the Act of Accord do
agree that York’s descendants should inherit the throne after HVI death
what did York do in 1460 and why was it shocking
touched the throne and failed to convince the Lords to depose the king in his favour; broke Great Chain of Beings bc it excluded Edward Prince of Wales ?
when was the BoMortimersCross and who won
1461; Yorkists won
what key event happened at BoMortimersCross
3 suns joined as one; Edward EoMarch used symbolism of God being in their side and victory ti motivate his troops and to show he has divine right
why did Yorkists win at BoMC
better military tactics and better position in battle
when was the BoWakefield who won and who died
1460; Lancastrians won ; DoYork, his 17 yo son Rutland and eventually DoSalisbury died
which key Lancastrians were at the BoWakefield
DoSomerset, Northumberland, Exeter, Devon and Clifford
what was the Northern Host
northern men allegedly given permission by MoA to loot and pillage south of the River Trent
what became of the Northern Hosts pillaging
some towns and cities switched allegiance from Lancaster to York out of fear of MoA’s army such as Coventry and London
when was the second BoStAlbans and who won
1461; Lancastrians won
give 4 of the Yorkist mistakes made during the second BoStAlbans
- Warwick remained London too long and delayed recruiting troops so many swapped sides
- Warwick failed to trap MoA’s forces due to Sir Henry Lovelace the spy
- small Yorkist force led by a local butcher sent to meet MoA’s army
- archers arrows blown back by the wind and many inexperienced soldiers
give 3 Lancastrian successes in the second BoStAlbans
- MoA utilised spy Sir Henry Lovelace twice (about traps and to leave a gap in Warwick’s defence)
- many experienced nobles and soldiers
- Lovelaces insider information and desertion to Lancastrian side
when was the BoTowton and who won and how many dead
1461; Yorkist victory ; 28,000 dead
why did Yorkists win at BoTowton
- Edward EoMarch’s military tactics (used up Lancastrian arrows) and leadership
- snowy weather conditions blinded Lancastrians
- late arrival if DoNorfolk
who died at the BoTowton
Northumberland and Clifford
who did Edward IV award for loyalty after Towton
Warwick’s brother John Neville who became Lord Montague
what happened to HVI and MoA after Towton
bargained asylum in Scotland for marriage of Margaret Steward to Edward PoWales and ceding Berwick and other land to Scotland
how was Warwick rewarded during Towton
appointed him Great Chamberlain of England, Captain of Dover and Lord Warden of Cinque Ports
when was the BoFerrybridge and who won and who died
1461 a day before Towton; Yorkists won and Clifford dead
