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History : Henry’s Reign > Baronial Factions/ The Story > Flashcards

Baronial Factions/ The Story Flashcards

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1
Q

who was heir apparent until 1447

A

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry’s brother

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2
Q

who did the Neville and the Percy family side with

A

Neville’s sided with DoYork (he was married to Cecily Neville)
Percy’s with HVI and Somerset (related to them)

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3
Q

who was heir apparent after DoGloucester died

A

Richard Plantagenet Duke of York

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4
Q

what happened in 1446 that kickstarted DoSomerset and DoYorks hatred

A

DoY replaced by DoSomerset to be Lieutenant of France, DoY became Lieutenant of Ireland which he saw as a demotion

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5
Q

give an economic reason why DoY was angry at HVI/ Somerset

A

DoY owed £38,000 by the crown and was not paid back unlike other magnates such as DoS

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6
Q

when does DoY return from Ireland and what is it for

A

he returns in september 1450 to present a bill of his own personal grievances and then general public grievances to HVI

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7
Q

what became of the bills York presented in 1450

A

York appointed to royal council and law and order was established throughout england (not)

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8
Q

what did York include in his list of grievances that did not occur

A

Somerset was not removed; York was not repaid or made heir apparent

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9
Q

who was Thomas Younge and what did he do

A

MP for Bristol/ DoYork’s councillors proposed bill recognising York as heir but was arrested and put in the Tower

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10
Q

what happened to Somerset in 1451 which increased tensions

A

he was made Captain of Calais (he had largest army at crowns disposal)

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11
Q

what happens in 1452 and what is York’s role and aim

A

York raises army to meet kings forces at Dartford to remove Somerset with the support of the EoDevon and Lord Conham

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12
Q

is York successful at Dartford?

A

no; DoBuckingham, EoWarwick, EoSalisbury remian loyal to king
Act of Attainder passed to make York give a public apology and take oath to remain loyal

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13
Q

what happened in 1453 which increased tensions for both DoS and DoY

A

Henry has a son so neither are heir presumptive anymore

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14
Q

how did tensions increase between DoY and DoS during York’s first protectorate

A

York imprisoned Somerset without a formal charge and tried to execute him for treason but lost his support trying to

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15
Q

what was the main trigger for the conflict between the percies and the neville’s in the north

A

marriage of Thomas Neville and Maud Stanhope ; her father Cromwell owned land that used to belong to Northumberland, a Percy, who was mad that the Neville’s will inherit his land

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16
Q

what happened in the Percy Neville feud in 1453

A

Lord Egremont and Richard Percy ambushed Neville wedding party to assassinated EoSalisbury and others

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17
Q

what did HVI do about the Percy Neville feud

A

summoned them to explain their actions after violent outbreaks ; he was weak and ineffective

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18
Q

what happened in the south regarding the Courtenay’s and the Bonvilles

A

Thomas Courtenay, EoDevon vs William Bonville LBonbille of Chewton competing to be dominant family in Devon; EoDevon places Bonville stronghold Taunton Castle under siege

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19
Q

how was the Courtenay Bonville feud resolved

A

York, during first protectorate, intervened and caused EoDevon to support HVI after supporting York at Dartford

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20
Q

who did the Bonvilles end up allying with

A

York after the first BoStAlbans

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21
Q

what reignited the Courtenay Bonville feud in 1455

A

Daughter of EoSalisbury married Bonvilles grandson so Courtenays killed Bonvilles lawyer Nicholas Redford and attacked Exeter and Powderhan Castle—> defeated Bonvilles at Clyst

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22
Q

how does York create enemies after the first BoStAlbans

A

DoSomerset, EoNorthumberland, Buckingham and Do Clifford dead
imprisoned Thomas Courtenay EoDevon

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23
Q

what did York and Warwick gain from the first BoStAlbans

A

York became Lord Constable and Warwick Captain of Calais

also used Somerset as a scapegoat

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24
Q

who tried to get revenge on Warwick in 1456

A

DoExeter, EoShrewsbury and new DoSomerset (Henry Beaufort) but unsuccessful

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25
Q

when was HVI first attempt to create peace and stop the blood feuds

A

January 1458

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26
Q

what did HVI do in January 1458

A

held a Great Council to make peace but DoYork brought 400 retainers, EoSalisbury 500 r, EoWarwick 600 r, DoSomerset 800 r, EoNorthumbeland, Egremont and Clifford brought 1500 r

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27
Q

how many retainers did the Lancastrian and Yorkist factions have in total at the 1458 Great Council

A

Yorkist 1500 retainers

Lancastrian 2300 retainers

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28
Q

what was the aftermath of the 1458 Great Council

A

2 months of negotiations until EoNorthumberland, EoClifford, EoEgrememt tried to ambush DoYork and EoSalisbury

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29
Q

what is HVI second attempt at making peace and when

A

Loveday 24th March 1458

30
Q

when does loveday happen and what occurs

A

24/03/1458 HVI invites both factions to walk into St. paul’s church arm in arm

31
Q

what does MoA try to do to EoWarwick to limit his power in 1458

A

get him tried for piracy

32
Q

what happens to Warwick in 1458

A

he openly defies gov orders and incites riot in court ; almost killed in royal kitchens with a spit; MoA warrants for his arrest ; he flees until returning to say only parliament could surrender his captaincy of calais to DoSomerset ; attached by Somerset’s retainers and escapes to calais

33
Q

describe the outbreak of violence between the Neville’s and Percy’s

A

not a culmination of a long developing rivalry but a sudden explosion of pent up resentment by the younger generations of Percy’s frustrated by a never ending expansion of Neville might in the North

34
Q

what event (not battle) occurred in 1459

A

MoA, Humphrey Stafford and DoBuckingham convinced HVI that York and Warwick wanted the throne; York accused of treason at Great Council

35
Q

how did DoYork react to MoA accusing him of treason in 1459

A

called a meeting at Ludlow Castle; Warwick made it from Calais but Salisbury was intercepted at BoBloreHeath

36
Q

what stopped Salisbury from getting to Ludlow Castle in 1459 and what was the result of it

A

The Battle of Blore Heath; Yorkist victory and Lord Audley killed

37
Q

what message did the Yorkists send to HVI after the BoBloreHeath and how did HVI respond

A

expressed their loyalty to HVI and accused his evil advisors instead ; responded that Yorkists would be pardoned except those who killed Lord Audley (no one accepted)

38
Q

what battle occurred after BoBloreHeath

A

Battle of Ludford Bridge

39
Q

why did the Battle of Ludford Bridge occur

A

Yorkists didn’t accept pardon after BoBloreHeath so Lancastrians followed Yorkists army

40
Q

who failed at the BoLudfordBridge and why

A

Yorkists; outnumbered 3:1 so many Yorkist leaders fled and Warwick’s Calais army wouldn’t fight HVI ( he was present)

41
Q

where did everyone flee after the BoLudfordBridge

A

York and his second eldest son Edmund to Ireland
Edward Earl of March (oldest son) fled to Calais
Cecily Neville captured

42
Q

what was MoA’s big mistake

A

Parliament if Devils Act of Attainder

43
Q

when was the Parliament of Devils and what happened

A

1459; Yorkist leaders land/goods forfeited to the Crown and sentenced to death and their heirs disinherited via the Act of Attainder

44
Q

why was the Parliament of Devils MoA’s big mistake

A

barons/nobles who were loyal to HVI shocked and scared so they switched sides; punishing Yorkist heirs so extreme it causes Yorkist support

45
Q

when was the Yorkist invasion and who was it led by

A

1460; Warwick and Edward EoMarch

46
Q

what were the events of the Yorkist invasion

A

EoWarwick and EoMarch landed in Sandwich with 2000 men
EoW admitted into Canterbury to be blessed before marching into London where the mayor opened the gates to him due to popular feeling

47
Q

how many were in EoWarwicks army during the Yorkist Invasion when they marched in London

A

40,000

48
Q

when was the BoNorthampton and who won

A

1460; Yorkist victory

49
Q

why did the Yorkists win at the BoNorthampton

A

bad weather conditions stopped Lancastrian guns firing; Lancastrians outnumbered

50
Q

how long did the BoNorthampton go on for

A

30 minutes

51
Q

who died at the BoNorthampton

A

DoBuckingham, Shrewsbury, Egremont and Beaumont

52
Q

what was York’s bug mistake and when was it

A

touching the throne (Act of Accord?) 1460

53
Q

what happened in reference to the Act of Accord 1460

A

after BoNorthampton Parliament called to revoke Act of Attainder (not done instantly) and York put his hand on the throne putting forward a Yorkist claim to the throne then Act of Accord passed

54
Q

what did the Act of Accord do

A

agree that York’s descendants should inherit the throne after HVI death

55
Q

what did York do in 1460 and why was it shocking

A

touched the throne and failed to convince the Lords to depose the king in his favour; broke Great Chain of Beings bc it excluded Edward Prince of Wales ?

56
Q

when was the BoMortimersCross and who won

A

1461; Yorkists won

57
Q

what key event happened at BoMortimersCross

A

3 suns joined as one; Edward EoMarch used symbolism of God being in their side and victory ti motivate his troops and to show he has divine right

58
Q

why did Yorkists win at BoMC

A

better military tactics and better position in battle

59
Q

when was the BoWakefield who won and who died

A

1460; Lancastrians won ; DoYork, his 17 yo son Rutland and eventually DoSalisbury died

60
Q

which key Lancastrians were at the BoWakefield

A

DoSomerset, Northumberland, Exeter, Devon and Clifford

61
Q

what was the Northern Host

A

northern men allegedly given permission by MoA to loot and pillage south of the River Trent

62
Q

what became of the Northern Hosts pillaging

A

some towns and cities switched allegiance from Lancaster to York out of fear of MoA’s army such as Coventry and London

63
Q

when was the second BoStAlbans and who won

A

1461; Lancastrians won

64
Q

give 4 of the Yorkist mistakes made during the second BoStAlbans

A
  • Warwick remained London too long and delayed recruiting troops so many swapped sides
  • Warwick failed to trap MoA’s forces due to Sir Henry Lovelace the spy
  • small Yorkist force led by a local butcher sent to meet MoA’s army
  • archers arrows blown back by the wind and many inexperienced soldiers
65
Q

give 3 Lancastrian successes in the second BoStAlbans

A
  • MoA utilised spy Sir Henry Lovelace twice (about traps and to leave a gap in Warwick’s defence)
  • many experienced nobles and soldiers
  • Lovelaces insider information and desertion to Lancastrian side
66
Q

when was the BoTowton and who won and how many dead

A

1461; Yorkist victory ; 28,000 dead

67
Q

why did Yorkists win at BoTowton

A
  • Edward EoMarch’s military tactics (used up Lancastrian arrows) and leadership
  • snowy weather conditions blinded Lancastrians
  • late arrival if DoNorfolk
68
Q

who died at the BoTowton

A

Northumberland and Clifford

69
Q

who did Edward IV award for loyalty after Towton

A

Warwick’s brother John Neville who became Lord Montague

70
Q

what happened to HVI and MoA after Towton

A

bargained asylum in Scotland for marriage of Margaret Steward to Edward PoWales and ceding Berwick and other land to Scotland

71
Q

how was Warwick rewarded during Towton

A

appointed him Great Chamberlain of England, Captain of Dover and Lord Warden of Cinque Ports

72
Q

when was the BoFerrybridge and who won and who died

A

1461 a day before Towton; Yorkists won and Clifford dead

History : Henry’s Reign (3 decks)

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