BaP Flashcards
How many bonds do the following elements form?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Carbon, Nitrogen
H-H O=O S has 2 bonds P has 5 bonds C has 4 bonds N has 3 bonds
What is the history of the RNA World theory?
First used by Gilbert (1986), but the same idea was mentioned by Crick, Orgel, and Woese’s ‘The Genetic Code’ (1967)
What are some experiments used to investigate the origins of life?
Miller-Urey (1953). 10% carbon in their system was in organic compounds, and 2% in amino acids specifically.
Oro (1962). Made amino acids in solution of water, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide
How much of cellular RNA is tRNA? How much is rRNA? (Why so little mRNA?)
15% is tRNA
80% is rRNA
(mRNA only synthesised when needed, and then degraded)
At what rate is Cytosine deaminated to Uracil?
250 bases per day
How wide is the DNA double helix? How many base pairs per turn?
2nm
10.4 bp/ turn
What is normal rate of mutation? What is it plus proofreading? What is it plus later mismatch repair?
1/10^5
1/10^7
1/10^9
What enantiomer form do carbs take in life?
D
What enantiomer form do amino acids take in life?
L
What is the start codon? (and protein)
AUG (Methionine in euks, N-methionine in proks)
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAA
UAG
UGA
What is Km?
Measure of affinity of an enzyme for its substrate
What is Kcat?
the turnover number (max reactions one active site can do in a given time)
What is Vmax?
enzyme conc x Kcat (=max rate of reaction for that enzyme concentration)
What is Eo?
Reduction potential (tendency for a molecule to be reduced (+ve, affinity for electrons) or oxidised (-ve, will donate electrons))
What is Keq?
The equilibrium constant of a reaction (value of reactants/products when at chemical eqm)
At what wavelength does Photosystem II absorb light?
680nm
At what wavelength does Photosystem I absorb light?
700nm
What are the monomers of the disaccharide trehalose?
alpha glucose and another alpha glucose but rotated through 180*
What bonds and monomers make up the polysaccharide dextran?
alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules
What are the smallest aas? (2)
Glycine
Proline (kink)
What are the two types of hydrophobic aas?
Aliphatic (chain)
Aromatic (one C and then ring)
What are the essential aas for humans? (10)
(Very Many Hairy Little Pigs Live In the Torrid (Air)) Valine- aliphatiic Methionine -aliphatic Histidine- basic, +vely charged Leucine- aliphatic Phenylalanine- aromatic Lysine- basic, +ve Isoleucine- aliphatic Threonine- polar, uncharged Tryptophan- aromatic (Arginine)- basice, +ve
What is the aldehyde group?
HC=O
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