Bank Flashcards by Yaya C

Give function of Agonist

Primarily responsible for producing a particular movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of antagonist

Reverse a movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 2 criteria used to classify muscles

Direction of muscle fibers
Relative size of muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each motor neuron axon breaks up into many branches called

Axonal terminals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most of the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment antebrachium/forearm have an Orgin in some part of the

Humerus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most of the muscles of the deep posterior compartment antebrachium/forearm have an Orgin in some part of the

Ulna

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The action of all of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg is

Plantar flexion of foot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epimysia blend into strong for sheet like structures called

Aponeurosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most posterior muscles of the trunk have insertions of some part of the

scapula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the action of most muscles of the anterior upper arm compartment

Forearm flexion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the action of the posterior upper arm compartment

Forearm extension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The action of most deep posterior compartment antebrachium muscles is

Thumb extension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscle cells are bundles of

Myofibrils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg have origins in some part of the

Fibula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The action of most of the muscles of the medial leg compartment is

Thigh adduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most muscles of the anterior upper leg compartment have insertions at the

Patella

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the gluteal muscles have insertions at some part of

Femur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the gluteal muscles have origins at some sort of

Ilium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the posterior compartment muscles of the lower leg have origins at the

Ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The action of all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg is

Plantar flexion of foot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg have an insertions at one of the

Metatarsals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sustained fusion of individual muscle twitches is known as

Tetanus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the muscles of the anterior lower leg compartment have insertions at some part of a

Metatarsals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BLANK recording of the electrical activity of muscles

Electromyogram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BLANK is an EMG where a needle electrode is inserted through the skin into the muscle whose electrical activity is to be measured

Intramuscular EMG

BLANK means changing the strength of muscle contraction or the extent of shortening in proportion to the load placed on the muscle by way of motor unit recruitment

Graded contraction of skeletal muscle

All of the posterior compartment muscles of the lower leg have Orgin is at the

Ischial tuberosity

The muscle force generated by muscle activity is expressed in BLAMK units

Kilograms

The strength of electrical current generated by muscle activity is expressed in

Millivolts

The sequential activation of motor units to perform a designed task known as

Motor unit recruitment

BLANK is the measurement of power

Dynamometry

What was the hand dynamometer/ dynagrip used to show

Force generated

The staircase effect of slight increases in contractile strength of progressive muscle twitches due to more calcium and heat as each ensuing twitch occurs is called

Treppe

Detection amplification and recording of changes in skin voltage produced by underlying skeletal muscle contraction

Electromyography

Force generated by stretching a muscle and sue to its elastic properties is called

Passive force

BLANK stimulation causes skeletal muscle to contract

Electrical stimulation

Single muscle contraction

Muscle twitch

Blank stimulus leads to a contractile response

Threshold stimulus

Restoring the resting membrane potential is called

Re-polarization

Muscle stimulation in rapid succession of the same intensity but a greater frequency causing a greater response is called

Wave summation

What is the waste product produced under fatigues muscle conditions

Lactic acid

What is the normal resting potential difference/ voltage of muscle fiber / cell

Resting membrane potential-60 to -90 milivolts

A contraction in which muscle length doesn’t change but force generated can is called BLANK contraction

Isometric

Force generated by the physiological contraction of muscle is called

Active force

Period after depolarization when sodium gates have closed and potassium gates open and stimulus may lead to another action potential is called

Relative refractory period

BLANK stimulus leads to a contractile repsonse

Threshold stimulus

DESCRIBE ONE WAY OF CONTROLLING THE DEGREE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION?

ACTIVATING A DESIRED NUMBER OF MOTOR UNITS WITHIN THE MUSCLE /

WHEN _____________ MUSCLE CONTRACTS BLOOD CIRCULATES, DELIVERING NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND REMOVING CELL WASTE

Cardiac

A _____________ IS A GRAPHIC RECORDING OBTAINED BY USING A DYNAMOMETER

Dynagram

______________ IS THE MEASUREMENT OF POWER.

Dynamometery

Define MECHANICAL WORK PERFORMED BY

Mechanical work performed when the muscle contracts and an object is moved.

BLANK is the combination of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it’s control

Motor unit

BLANK is the amount of work done per unit of time

Power

CONTRACTION OF __________MUSCLE MOVES ONE PART OF THE BODY WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER PART

SKELETAL

___________ IS THE NAME OF THE TYPE OF EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE

SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY/ SURFACE EMG

BLANK is a constant state of slight tension that serves to maintain the muscles in a state of readiness

Tonus

WHEN DOES FATIGUE OCCUR?

Build up of lactic acid

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THEIR NUMBER OF ORIGINS

Bicep and triceps

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THEIR RELATIVE SIZE

Maximus, minimus

NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THE DIRECTION OF THEIR MUSCLE FIBERS

Rectus, oblique

Epimysia blend into coarse sheets of connective tissue that bind muscles into functional groups called

Deep fascia

BLANK is the areolar connective tissue layer surrounding each individual muscle fiber

Endomysium

A bundle of several sheathed muscle fibers wrapped together by a collagenic membrane, are called

Fascicles

Range of muscle fiber diameter

10-100 μm

Range of muscle fiber length

6-25 cm

Give the function of fixators

IMMOBILIZE THE ORIGIN OF A PRIME mover

Neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates make up the functional structure called

Motor unit

Several sheated muscle fibers are wrapped together by a collagenic membrane called

Perimysium

BLANK ARE THE ACTUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS OF A MUSCLE.

Sacromeres

THE BULK OF THE BODY’S MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF WHICH MUSCLE TYPE?

Skeletal

NAME THE FUNCTION OF SYNERGISTS

AID THE ACTION OF AGONISTS

EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG CORD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED _______

Tendons

How MANY THIN FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THICK FILAMENT IN EACH MYOFIBRIL?

Thick Filaments are surrounded by 6 thin filaments

HOW MANY THICK FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THIN FILAMENT IN EACH MYOFIBRIL

Thin filaments surround by 3 thick filaments

GIVE THE TWO OTHER NAMES BY WHICH SKELETAL MUSCLES MUSCLES ARE KNOWN (HINT: CONTROL/appearance

Voluntary control and striated

THE PERIOD AFTER DEPOLARIZATION WHEN SODIUM GATES ARE STILL OPENED AND STIMULUS WILL NOT CAUSE AN ACTION POTENTIAL IS CALLED?

Absolute Refractory period

What is the name of the neurotransmitter THAT ENTERS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT FROM VESICLES IN THE AXON TERMINAL?

Acetylcholine

WHAT IS THE ENERGY THAT IS USED TO DRIVE MUSCLE CONTRACTION CALLED?

Atp

AN EVENT IN WHICH THE CELL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVELY CHARGED IS CALLED?

Depolarization

A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGES, BUT FORCE GENERATED STAYS THE SAME IS CALLED AN _______________ CONTRACTION?

Isotonic Contraction

THE PERIOD OF A MUSCLE TWITCH BETWEEN MUSCLE STIMULATION AND CONTRACTION IS CALLED?

Latent Period/ Phase

THE WEAKEST STIMULUS THAT WILL STIMULATE ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF A MUSCLE IS CALLED_________STIMULUS

Maximal Stimulus

INCREASED CONTRACTILE STRENGTH DUE TO AN. INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED IS CALLED?

Multiple Motor Unit Recrutiment/ Summation

DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX AND LENGTHEN IS CALLED?

Relaxation Phase

__________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A NONCONTRACTILE RESPONSE

Subthreshold Stimulus

Action of most superficial anterior compartment antebrachium/ forearm muscles is

Wrist flexion

Action of most of muscles of the anterior upper leg compartment is

Knee extension