Bandura's social cognitive learning theory

Question 1

Observational learning/modeling

Answer 1

direct reinforcement can’t account for all types of learning; people also learn by observing the actions of others; internal mental states are an essential part of this process - continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral and environmental influences; can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors

Question 2

3 basic models of observational learning

Answer 2

1. live model - actual person demonstrating or acting out a behavior 2. verbal - descriptions and explanations of behavior 3. symbolic model - books, films, TV programs or online media (real or fictional)

Question 3

intrinsic reinforcement

Answer 3

internal rewards - pride, satisfaction, sense of accomplishment

Question 4

attention

Answer 4

novel or interesting model or situation increases attention

Question 5

retention of information

Answer 5

ability to pull up info later is vital - symbolic coding, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, and motor rehearsal

Question 6

reproduction

Answer 6

need to actually perform the behavior you observed - the more practice, the more skill improvement/advancement; need accurate feedback; self-observation of reproduction

Question 7

motivation

Answer 7

have to want to initiate the behavior - reinforcement or punishment can play important role in motivation; either experience yourself (external and self reinforcement) or see someone experience them (vicarious)

Question 8

self-efficacy

Answer 8

belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations; belief in one’s ability to succeed in a particular situation

Question 9

4 sources of self-efficacy

Answer 9

1. mastery experiences - performing task successfully 2. social modeling - seeing people like ourselves successfully completing a task 3. social persuasion - encouragement can overcome self-doubt 4. psychological responses - mood/emotions/physical reactions in a particular situation affects our belief how well we will do in that situation; perceptions/thoughts about these reactions are crucial; can learn to reduce stress/elevate mood when facing difficult or challenging tasks.