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Cytogenetics Exam Prep > BandingTechniques > Flashcards

BandingTechniques Flashcards

1
Q 
What banding technique would give alternating bands, which would distinguish each chromosome?
 A.  GTG
 B.  CBG
 C.  DAPI/DA
 D.  NOR
A

A

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2
Q

A technologist wants to stain chromosomes using a banding technique that manifests AT-rich regions on chromosomes. What staining procedure should he use?

 A.  RHG	
 B.  CBG	
 C.  NOR	
 	 D.  QFQ
A

D

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3
Q

You have just discovered an odd looking number 9 homolog in a patient’s G-banded metaphases. The short arm looks unusually large and the long arm looks smaller between the centromere and the first band. Which of the following banding techniques should be used to investigate?

 A.  Q-banding	
 B.  NOR banding	
 	 C.  C-banding	
 D.  FISH
A

C

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4
Q

Which of the following probes would be ideal to detect chromosome aneuploidy in interphase nuclei?

 A.  painting probe specific for one chromosome pair	
 B.  alpha-satellite probe hybridizing uniquely to a specific centromere	
 C.  unique sequence probe (e.g., a cosmid) which hybridizes to one locus on one chromosome pair	
 	 D.  either b or c
A

D

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5
Q

Which of the following probes would be ideal to detect a small microscopic deletion?

 A.  painting probe specific for one chromosome pair	
 B.  alpha-satellite hybridizing uniquely to a specific centromere	
 	 C.  unique sequence probe (e.g., a cosmid) which hybridizes to one locus on one chromosome pair.
A

C

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6
Q

C-banding stains the constitutive heterochromatin of which chromosomes?

A. 1,9,16,Y 

 B.  1,9,15,X	
 C.  1,9,16,X	
 D.  13,16,X
A

A

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7
Q

What is the optimum pH for the trypsin?

 A.  7.4-7.6	
 	 B.  7.2-7.4	
 C.  7.0-7.2	
 D.  7.6-7.8
A

B

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8
Q

Chromosome banding properties include:

 A.  G-bands are foci of chromatin condensation	
 B.  R-,G-, and C-bands differ in their time of DNA replication	
 C.  R-bands are gene-rich	
 	 D.  all of the above
A

D

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9
Q

Prior to the development of chromosome banding techniques:

 A.  Primary and secondary constrictions could not be identified	
 	 B.  Relative length and centromere position were the main characteristics used for classification.	
 C.  All chromosome pairs could be identified.	
 D.  Satellites on the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes could not be identified.
A

B

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10
Q

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about C-banding:

 A.  Can be used to locate centromere regions of human chromosomes.	
 B.  Stains constitutive heterochromatin.	
 C.  Identifies some normal chromosome variations in humans.	
 	 D.  all of the above
A

D

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11
Q

Which of the following does not produce extended chromosomes?

 A.  Reduce the Colcemid concentration	
 B.  Synchronize culture with amethopterin block	
 C.  Pretreatment with Ethidium Bromide	
 	 D.  Decrease the volume of hypotonic
A

D

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12
Q

Who developed G-Banding by using trypsin?

 A.  Caspersson	
 	 B.  Seabright	
 C.  Arrighi and Hsu	
 D.  Dutrillaux and Lejeune
A

B

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13
Q

Who developed Q-banding?

A. Caspersson 

 B.  Arrighi and Hsu	
 C.  Seabright	
 D.  Dutrillaux and Lejeune
A

A

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14
Q

Who developed C-Banding?

 A.  Caspersson	
 B.  Dutrillaux and Lejeune	
 C.  Seabright	
 	 D.  Arrighi and Hsu
A

D

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15
Q

All of the following are true about interphase cytogenetics EXCEPT:

 A.  Allows analysis of a large number of cells	
 B.  Reliable for the detection of monosomy	
 	 C.  Provides information about chromosome markers	
 D.  Useful for evaluating aneuploidy
A

C

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16
Q

Quinacrine molecules bind to the DNA by:

 A.  Binding to the GC rich regions	
 	 B.  Binding to the AT rich regions	
 C.  Binding to nonhistone proteins	
 D.  Crosslinking close thymidine nucleotides
A

B

17
Q

Under the electron microscope, what is observed as a consequence of all banding procedures?

 A.  Chromatin digestion	
 B.  Nucleotide crosslinking	
 C.  Protein melting	
 	 D.  Chromosomal collapse
A

D

18
Q

Case #777 still has an uncertain diagnosis after G and C bands were obtained. The director suspects that satellites are involved with the chromosome marker in question. What banding/staining method should be performed to confirm the director’s suspicions?

 A.  R-banding	
 	 B.  NOR banding	
 C.  DAPI/DA banding	
 D.  G-11 banding
A

B

19
Q

Positive heteropyknosis is related to:

A. Coiling of chromatin filaments 

 B.  Pale staining	
 C.  Early replication	
 D.  Genetic activity
A

A

20
Q

Giemsa is specific for:

 A.  Active DNA	
 B.  RNA	
 C.  Single-stranded DNA	
 	 D.  Double-stranded DNA
A

D

21
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage of Q-banding?

A. Requires a fluorescent microscope for analysis. 

 B.  Slides can be scanned for Y chromosomes.	
 C.  Acrocentric chromosomes demonstrate polymorphisms.	
 D.  Q-banding does not alter chromosome morphology.
A

A

22
Q

Which procedure should be performed first if sequential banding is required?

 A.  G-banding	
 B.  C-banding	
 	 C.  Q-banding	
 D.  R-banding
A

C

23
Q

The translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) is best demonstrated by:

A. GTG banding 

 B.  C banding	
 C.  The NOR stain	
 D.  The DAPI stain
A

A

24
Q

A marker chromosome is found that appears to have two centromeres by G-banding. Which of the following banding techniques should be used to confirm this observation?

A. C-banding 

 B.  NOR-banding	
 C.  SCE-banding	
 D.  R-banding
A

A

25
Q

When a staining technique is denoted by the following triplet: GTG, which of the following can be assumed?

 A.  The first letter denotes the general technique.	
 B.  The second letter denotes the type of banding.	
 	 C.  The third letter denotes the stain used.	
 D.  None of the above is correct.
A

C

26
Q

Which of the following statements about G-banding are FALSE?

 A.  Methanol-acetic fixation is necessary for chromosome spreading but has no effect on G-banding.	
 B.  G-banding correlates with the chromomere pattern of pachytene chromosomes of meiosis.	
 C.  G-dark bands are early replicating DNA regions.	
 	 D.  Both a and c
A

D

27
Q

A cytogenetic technologist suspects an inversion of chromosome 9 with G-banding analysis. Which banding technique would help confirm this observation?

 A.  A-banding	
 B.  C-banding	
 C.  Q-banding	
 	 D.  All of the above
A

B

28
Q

A cytogenetic technologist comes across a case with 47 chromosomes. The extra chromosome is roughly the size of a G group chromosome. What banding technique should be used to determine the identity of this chromosome?

 A.  C-banding	
 B.  Q-banding	
 C.  SCE banding	
 	 D.  Either a or b
A

D

29
Q

Which of the following banding solutions DO NOT produce a known banding pattern?

 A.  Quinacrine dihydrochloride, McIlvaines' buffer	
 B.  Ba(OH)2, 2xSSC	
 C.  Trypsin, Giemsa	
 	 D.  Amethopterin, BrdU
A

D

30
Q

Which of the following banding techniques are used to stain those chromosomal regions that form the nucleolus in interphase cells?

A. NOR banding 

 B.  C-banding	
 C.  Q-banding	
 D.  DAPI/Distamycin A staining
A

A

31
Q

Of the following factors, which affects G-banding?

 A.  Slide aging	
 B.  Time the slide is treated in trypsin	
 C.  pH of the trypsin	
 	 D.  All of the above
A

D

32
Q

The late synthesizing portions of the chromosomes are:

 A.  Genetically active	
 B.  Euchromatic	
 	 C.  Heterochromatic	
 D.  Recessive
A

C

33
Q

Negative heteropyknosis observed in euchromatin is related to:

A. Decondensed chromatin 

 B.  Dark staining	
 C.  Complementation	
 D.  Late replication
A

A

34
Q

The dark bands of G-banding:

 A.  Are late replicating	
 B.  Have few genes	
 C.  Have DNA with a higher A-T base composition	
 	 D.  Are all of the above
A

D

35
Q

Which of the following chromosomal polymorphisms can be detected with Q-banding?

 A.  Polymorphisms of chromosome Y	
 B.  Polymorphisms of the centromere of chromosome 3	
 C.  Polymorphisms of the satellites of acrocentric chromosomes	
 	 D.  All of the above
A

D

36
Q

While G-banding a batch of patient slides processed on the same day, a technician monitoring the slides notices that one patient’s slides show chromosome morphology similar to conventional, solid staining. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. The slide is under-trypsinized, another slide should be treated for a longer time period. 

 B.  The trypsin must have deteriorated as all slides dropped on the same day should respond the same to trypsin treatment.	
 C.  The slide is over-trypsinized, this is why no bands can be observed.	
 D.  Another slide should be treated for a shorter time period.
A

A

37
Q

Chromosomes with __________contain the ribosomal genes which are involved in protein synthesis.

 A.  Primary constrictions	
 B.  Many bands	
 	 C.  Nucleolus organizing regions	
 D.  Small short arms
A

C

38
Q

After G-band analysis, a cytogenetic director suspects that chromosome number 10 has a terminal deletion. What banding procedure would be most helpful in deciding if a deletion has occurred?

 A.  C-banding	
 B.  NOR-banding	
 	 C.  FISH	
 D.  Q-banding
A

C

39
Q

Giemsa is a metachromatic stain composed of various dyes. Which of the following banding techniques can be used with the Giemsa stain?

 A.  R-banding	
 B.  C-banding	
 C.  SCE banding	
 	 D.  All of the above
A

D

Cytogenetics Exam Prep (8 decks)

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