BAMS Flashcards
what waste stream is amalgam and what is requirements
red waste stream - hazordous
leak proof, rigid - mercury vapour suppressant in lid
what is waste stream of sharps and what are the rules
orange waste stream
always dispose after use
always close temporary after use
always keep out of reach of children
never retrieve anything from sharps
never fill more than 3/4 full
if blood spillage, what should be done
stop what your doing
put on ppe
place sodium hypochlorite powder 10000ppm for 3-5 minutes
scoop into orange waste
clean with water and disinfectant wipes
place wet floor sign
what are the handpiece safety checks
check bur is in fully
check back cap cant rotate
check handpiece in fully
check bur movement - roll along finger
check lateral movement
check sound - should be run for 5 seconds and watch bur movement
explain hypoglycaemia and how to recognise it
type 1 diabetics use insulin to move glucose from blood into liver - if take their insulin but not enough food, all glucose will go to storage and blood glucose levels will be low
patients will be talking at first, increased HR and BR, might be irritable, pale and clamy, confused, shaky, will eventually lose consciousness if dont treat
how is hypoglycaemia treated
give 15l oxygen
if patient is awake and can co-operate - give 10-20g of glucose orally, glucose drink or tablet
in unconscious - 1miligram of glucagon IM injection, Z tract techinque in thigh
should phone an ambulance
explain epilepsy and how it is recognised
sudden bursts of electrical activity in brain that causes seizures
patient normally unresponsive, muscle spasm, tonic clonic, may lose continence, difficult to assess breathing and circulation
how is epilepsy treated
ensure safe environment - make sharps safe
do not try to restrain them
if possible, secure airway
midazolam 10 miligrams via buccal mucosa - sedative, reduces activity of CNS - relaxation - give 2ml (5mg/1ml) - check expiry date and dosage and check form is compatible
refer to hospital if first seizure or seizure is unusual
explain asthma and how it is recognised
airway constriction - due to constriction of bronchi
patient might find it difficult to complete sentences
increased BR and wheeze, increased HR, might be sitting in tripod position
how is asthma treated
salbutamol inhaler - 100micrograms per acutation - usually 2 puffs with holding breath for 10 seconds inbetween
can use spacer device if severe- fill with 10 puffs, allow patient to breath on it for 20 seconds - high dose
should work quickly - give oxygen after inhaler
if not working after 5 minutes - call ambulance
what is anaphylaxis and how is it recognised
hypersensitivity reaction
causes massive vasodilation of blood vessels - major drop in blood pressure, and oedema making it difficult to breathe
a - compromised, difficult to talk due to oedema, stridor - expiratory
b - increased rate and wheeze, bronchoconstriction
c - increased rate but decreased bp, radial pulse weak
d - loss of consciousness
e - may have rash or hives
how is anaphylaxis treated
100% oxygen 15l
adrenaline 1000micrograms 1ml prefilled syringe - give 0.5ml (500mg) check expiry date and dosage - inject IM in thigh with z tract technique
lie patient back with legs up
vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator
if no improvement after 5 mins - repeat
call ambulance
how to differentiate between asthma and anaphylaxis
asthma only effects breathing
anaphylaxis has a reduced blood pressure, angioodema of face and hives
check medical history
how should you deal with someone who is choking
ask if they are choking
ask if they can cough
5 back slaps
5 abdominal thrusts
check if dislodged
assess abcde - phone for ambulance and start chest compressions if worsen
what is preparation of lidocaine and max dosage
2% lidocaine 1:80k adrenaline - 5mg/kg - 7 cartridges 70kg
what is preparation of articaine and max dosage
4% articaine 1:100k adrenaline
7mg/kg - 5 cartridges 70kg
what is preparation of prilocaine and what is max dosage
3% prilocaine with felypressin
6mg/kg - 6 cartridges per 70lg
what are side effects of anaesthetic
nausea, headache, dizziness
allergic reaction
fainting, increased heart rate
how can you check anaesthesia has been successful
ask patient if tingling
probe gingiva if xla
can use endo frost
tap on tooth
what is the difference between type n and type b sterilisers
type n - no air removal, no pressure change, cannot sterilise wrapped or channeled instruments, only been sterilised
type b - air forcibly removed, pressure change so steam can push through wrappings, sterile until point of use
what are the requirements for sterilisation
must reach 134-137 temp for at least 3 mins at 2.25 bar
what water should be used in steriliser
sterile is preferred
distilled or de-ionised can be used
what are the stages of AWD
flush - remove gross contamination, not exceeding 35 degrees
wash - using detergent, temp depends on manufacter
rinse - remove residue
disinfection - 90-95 degrees for at least a minute
drying - purging the load with heated air
what is the cycle of decontamination
cleaning - disinfection - inspection - packaging - sterilisation - transport - storage - use - transport
what daily tests should be done for the AWD
Automatic control test - check temp, time, cycle, detergent levels
check spray arm rotates freely
check nozzles for blockage
remove and clean filters
what weekly tests should be done for AWD
check door seal and lock
daily tests
cleaning efficacy test - test soil residue
what daily tests should be done for steriliser
automatic control test - check time, temp and pressure
steam penetration test - bowie/dick - should change from yellow to blue
what weekly tests should be done for steriliser
check door seal
air detection test
air leakage test
if instruments are found on top of steriliser, what should you do
check packaging to see if damaged or opened
check print out to see if cycle just finished
check strip on package to see if been sterilised - if sterile will be blue
if unsure - take instruments back to beginning of cycle - into AWD
what must be included on pus aspirate form
Pt details - sticker
clincal details - pain, swelling, MH, provisional diagnosis - dentoalveolar abscess
specimen details - site (buccal mucosa of 26) and sample (pus aspirate)
investigation - culture and sensitivity
when handling specimen, how should it be carried out
with ppe, gloves on
remove needle and put in sharps bin
seal syringe and put patient label on
