BAMS

Question 1

3 forms of candidiasis

Answer 1

• pseudomembranous
• erythematous e.g. denture related
• hyperplastic e.g. candida leukoplakia

Question 2

2 species of candida

Answer 2

• candida albicana
• candida glabrata

Question 3

Candida species resistant to fluconazole

Answer 3

candida glabrata

Question 4

Species linked to periodontitis

Answer 4

P.Gingivalis

Question 5

Species of bacteria linked to caries

Answer 5

• S.Mutans
• lactobacilus

Question 6

Principles of Waste disposal

Answer 6

• segregation
• storage
• disposal
• documentation

Question 7

Agent used to clean blood spillage

Answer 7

10000ppm Sodium hypochlorite

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 8

• slow movement
• increased muscle tone
• tremors

Question 9

What is dementia?

Answer 9

An acquired progressive loss of cognitive functions, and intellectual and social abilities

Question 10

Dementia characteristics

Answer 10

• amnesia
• inability to concentrate
• disorientation
• intellectual impairment

Question 11

Types of dementia

Answer 11

• Alzheimer’s
• vascular
• fronto-temporal
• Lewy bodies

Question 12

Alzheimers description

Answer 12

• reduction in size of Cortex
• plaques - deposit of protein fragment called beta amyloid build up in spaces between nerve cells
• tangles - twisted fibres of tau protein build up inside cells

Question 13

Vascular dementia cause

Answer 13

reduction of blood flow to brain
- damages and kills brain cells-

Question 14

dementia risk factors

Answer 14

• age
• genetics
• medical history
• lifestyle
• gender

Question 15

Features of a dementia friendly healthcare environment

Answer 15

• reception desk visible from entrance door
• colour and tone of walls distinctive from flooring
• colour and tone of furniture distinctive from flooring
• avoid non-essential signs
• good levels of natural light to minimise artificial light
• signage with clear use of text and colour

Question 16

down syndrome

Answer 16

A neurodevelopment disorder of genetic origin affecting chromosome 21
- 95% of cases due to full trisonomy of chromosome 21

Question 17

down syndrome incidence

Answer 17

1 in 700 births

Question 18

Down syndrome medical features

Answer 18

• epilepsy
• intelectual impairment
• hearing impairment
• leukaemia
• thyroid disease
• congenital heart defects
• diabetes mellitus

Question 19

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 19

complex developmental condition
- includes range of possible developmental impairments

Question 20

Cerebral palsy prevelence

Answer 20

1 in 400

Question 21

cerebral palsy definition

Answer 21

• neurological condition affecting movement and co-ordination

Question 22

Signs of cerebral palsy

Answer 22

• muscle weakness
• balance and co-ordination problems
• random and uncontrolled body movements

Question 23

cycle of processing instruments

Answer 23

• cleaning
• disinfection
• inspection
• packaging
• sterilisation
• transport
• storage
• use
• transport

Question 24

PPE required when carrying out manual cleaning

Answer 24

• apron
• face shield
• gloves

Question 25

Why should you ensure the temperature does not exceed 35 degrees when carrying out manual cleaning?

Answer 25

• proteins can coagulate
• making them harder to remove

Question 26

2 manual cleaning methods

Answer 26

• immersion
• non-immersion

Question 27

Manual cleaning indications

Answer 27

• specifically recommend by manufacturer
• no other alternative
• Washer disinfector and ultrasonic bath failed to remove contamination

Question 28

Types of sterilisers

Answer 28

• Type N - autoclave
• type - B = vacuum
• type - s

Question 29

Sinner circle - 4 things required for effective disinfection

Answer 29

• energy
• chemicals
• time
• temperature

Question 30

Washer disinfector stages

Answer 30

• flush/prewash
• main wash
• rinse
• thermal disinfection
• drying

Question 31

thermal disinfect stage of WD

Answer 31

90-95 degrees for minimum of one minute

Question 32

temperature of main wash on washer disinfectorcycle

Answer 32

dependent on chemical used for process

Question 33

temperature of prewash/flush

Answer 33

less than 35 degrees

Question 34

Bacteria assoc with caries

Answer 34

• s. mutans
• lactobacillus

Question 35

Species assoc with secondary endodontic infection

Answer 35

e.faecalis

Question 36

E.faecalis virulence factors

Answer 36

• endotoxins
• adhesins
• collagenases
• immune evasion

Question 37

biofilm development stages

Answer 37

• adhesion
• colonisation
• accumulation
• complex community
• dispersal

Question 38

P.Gingivalis virulence factors

Answer 38

• host cell tissue adherence - fimbriae
• elaboration of proteases
• endotoxin
• capsular polysaccharide
• tissue toxic metabolic-byproducts
• ginigpains - manipulating host defences - degradation of cytokines and innate receptors

Question 39

chain of infection

Answer 39

• infectious agent
• reservoir
• portal of exit
• mode of transmission
• portal of entry
• susceptible host

Question 40

SIMD

Answer 40

• Scottish index of multiple depravation
• area based measure of relative deprivation

Question 41

Haemophilia A

Answer 41

Factor VIII defeciency

Question 42

Haemophilia b

Answer 42

Factor IX deficiency

Question 43

Von Willebrand’s disease

Answer 43

• reduced factor VIII level
• Reduced platelet aggregation

Question 44

Von Willebrand’s treatment

Answer 44

DDAVP

Question 45

How can liver cirrhosis cause clotting problems?

Answer 45

• liver is important in producing clotting factors
• risk of deep vein thrombosis