Ballast Practice Exam Flashcards
Architect may sign and seal when,
- Prepared by architect;
- Prepared under architect responsible control;
- Prepared by Another RA or NCARB certified architect if reviewed by architect.
The firm must retain documentation of drafter’s involvement and must architect’s supervision of the work for five years.
Biz Orgs that limit individual liability to the amount invested
Corp, LLCompany, LLPartnership
To prove negligence疏忽, three elements must be present:
Duty, Breach违背, Damage.
原则 行为 后果
The contractor must submit any request for substitutions,
prior to the bid for architect to review it and issue an addendum notifying all potential bidders of the change.
The architect automatically has a copyright on the work as it is produced in tangible form, that includess
Overall form, space/element arrangement and composition in the design, but not the individual standard features or design elements that are functionally required.
Parts of project specs
- General:
Submittals and warranties required, project conditions, delivery, storage and handling requirements, and quality insurance requirement. - Products:
Info on product, acceptable manufacturer/standards/ test methods, technical requirement. - Execution:
How material/ substrates be prepared before installation, quality control method, cleaning and protecting requirement. - Division 01:
General requirements of administrative procedures.
The most appropriate way to modify an AIA doc is to
Attach supplementary conditions or amendments. Architects should be extremely careful with contracts that are not based on the AIA docs because of non-traditional risk. If new contract drafted, the owners attorney, not the architect, should write these conditions or any modifications if the doc is an agreement between owner and architect. The architect’s insurance carrier and or attorney should always review owner drafted contracts.
Claims-made professional liability insurance policies require the policy to be,
In effect both at the time that the incident occurs and at the time that claim is actually made.
Accident or occurrence type policies will cover claims as long as the policy is in effect when the incident occurs, regardless of when the claim is made.
Vicarious liability 雇主责任/替代责任 is
Indirect liability imposed on a party resulting from the acts of another person for whom the party is responsible for.
Consultant to Architects;
Employee to Firm;
Moonlighting employee to Firm.
All risk insurance policy does not include
War, terrorism, nuclear hazards, fraud by the insured投保人, employee theft, inventory shortage/mysterious disappearance, mold, asbestos.
Project records should be kept until
The end of the statute of repose period, which is usually the longest applicable date.
AIA advises keeping for one year past.
Archived project records should include
Contracts and the related; Approved design criteria; Research findings, calculations; phone conversations, meeting minutes; drawings and specs; submittal logs, site visit reports, correspondence with contractors; closeout docs.
A addendum (addenda) 附录is a written or graphic document that modifies or interprets the bidding document, issued by architect prior to
Submission of contractor’s bids. Addenda must be sent to all bidders at least four days prior to the bid date.
Partnering is not a contractual relationship between OAC but a commitment.
Applies only to project at hand;
Is used in conjunction with mediation and arbitration to prevent lawsuits;
Can include ppl other than OAC.
Bridging is
A method of construction delivery that obtains an early fixed price for a project based on a set of design docs and then gives the contractor responsibility for determine the details of construction .
A variation of design-build method, whereby architect assist client prepare project requirements for bidding by design-build firms.
Primary advantages of Bridging are
Quick and lower upfront cost;
Contractor sole responsibility;
More cost effective.
A joint venture is
Limited to a specific project;
Pays no income taxes and earns no profit;
Can be formed using AIA Doc C101;
Often used when one firm cannot complete a project due to lack of personnel.
Insurance can be discussed.
A non exclusive license to the instruments of service, including sketches, drawings, models, specs, CAD files and etc, is granted
to owner for constructing the project, not for addition or renovation to it, and is given to owner for replacing architect if the architect is found in default.
Two architecture firms are considering collaborating on a large project. They will
Establish a teaming agreement(roles, duties, costs and other agreements);
Bid on work and win the project;
Establish a joint venture agreement or a prime consultant agreement.
Employment at will vs Employment Contract
At will is no written contract and can be terminated at any time;
Contract must have valid reason for termination. Optional to include moonlighting and job description.
Errors and Omissions insurance covers
Only the cost to correct the mistake.
The accounting method a 13-ppl architectural firm should use is
Modified accrual收益-basis method, which combines accrual-basis ( for revenue) and cash-basis ( for expense). It includes consultant related, direct and indirect.
Accrual-basis (for Corps) and cash-basis ( for sole prop, very small biz)
The major risk of joint venture is
Each partner is responsible for the actions of the other partner.
IPD method with a multi-party agreement awards the architect
The part of the difference if the final cost is below the target cost.
Otherwise receives only the basic fee with no profit.
Evidence-based design (EBD) is
the process of constructing a building or physical environment based on scientific research to achieve the best possible outcomes.[1][2] Evidence-based design is especially important in evidence-based medicine, where research has shown that environment design can affect patient outcomes. It is also used in architecture, interior design, landscape design, facilities management, education, and city planning. Evidence-based design is part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices.
For municipal/government/city’s project,
The city will most likely require the project to be put out to bid in order to get lowest cost. Most government agencies required the design bid build approach.
If the architect’s services are increased by significant changes in the project, the architect should
Accept the request only after an written agreement is in place for the additional compensation.
