Ballast: Chapter 10 - Building Analysis Flashcards
What are the 4 major considerations during programming?
Function, Form, Economy, and Time
Programming Concept: Establishes an order of importance among things such as the size of spaces, the positioning of spaces relative to each other, and the social or cultural values expressed through architecture
Priority
Programming Concept: The affinities of people and activities. One of the most common
Relationships
Programming Concept: The exercise or expression of authority through physical symbols (the corner office)
Hierarchy
Programming Concept: A response to the image a client wants in the project. Combo of the look and aesthetic feel of the architecture
Character
Programming Concept: Describes how a parcel of land, individual building, or space is used (typically rated low, medium, high)
Density
Programming Concept: the placement of similar systems such as mechanical, electrical, comm, and plumbing
Service groupings
Programming Concept: A determination of whether activities should be integrated or compartmentalized
Activity groupings
Programming Concept: A concern with how people are placed together based on their physical, social, and emotional characteristics
People grouping
Programming Concept: Related to the concept of territoriality, is a place where a person can maintain their individuality
Home base
Programming Concept: Promotes the effective exchange of info or ideas by examining who communicates with whom and how exchanges are conducted
Communications
Programming Concept: How the project will promote or prevent socially and how the building/facility will relate to surrounding facilities
Neighbors
Programming Concept: Concerned with entry into a building and with making the facility accessible to all regardless of familiarity with the facility or with physical capabilities
Accessibility
Programming Concept: Relates to segregating the flow of people, cars, service access, and other activities of the building
Separated Flow
Programming Concept: Intended to promote interaction among people
Mixed flow
Programming Concept: Needed for both people and objects where a specific series of events or processes is needed
Sequencial flow
Programming Concept: Concerned with keeping people from feeling lost within a larger complex, typically by providing points of reference within a building or group of buildings
Orientation
Programming Concept: Expansibility, Convertibility, or Versatility for example
Flexibility
Programming Concept: Allowing extra space for an activity that is likely to change in the future, rather than fitting the space precisely
Tolerance
Programming Concept: Focused on how to minimize the risk of injury or death
Safety
Programming Concept: Ways that both people and property can be protected
Security controls
Programming Concept: Can be achieved by minimizing heating/cooling, using recycled/recyclable materials, etc
Energy conservation
Programming Concept: Controls designed to meet human comfort needs
Environmental controls
Programming Concept: Concerned with completing the project in stages to meet time and cost schedules
Phasing
Programming Concept: Concerned with establishing a realistic preview of costs and a balanced budget to meet the client’s available funds
Cost control
What are the 5 steps of programming according to “Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer”?
Establishing Goals, Collecting Facts, Uncovering Concepts, Determining Needs, and Stating the Problem
Reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of a problem.
Abatement
A building whose function is secondary to that of the main structure.
Accessory Building
Desirable features of or near a building that have the effect of increasing the property value
Amenities
The payment of a loan using equal payments at equal intervals over the life of the loan
Amortization
The primary tenant in a shopping mall or other commercial structure
Anchor tenant
An estimation of a property’s value
Appraisal
A natural, underground reservoir from which wells draw water
Aquifer
The value given to a piece of property by a local jurisdiction that is used in determining the taxes on a property. This is a percentage of the actual value that the property would command on the open market.
Assessed value
A region or small town that is primarily residential and contains few employment opportunities.
Bedroom community
An area of a city in which many buildings are in a state of decay and require improvements.
Blighted area
A standard portion of a written document that appears in all similar documents.
Boilerplate
An area of land used to separate two incompatible areas
Buffer Zone
An amount of money used to make physical improvements to a property to enhance the property’s value over an extended period of time
Capital expenditure
The amount of money that is net income from a property after all expenses are paid
Cash flow
Abbrev. for “covenants, conditions, + restrictions” which are all the rules that apply to a property owner in a condo, subdivision, or co-op.
CC+Rs
A type of housing development in which the houses or apartments are placed close to each other and have access to nearby common spaces.
Cluster housing
A portion of a building or development that is available to all tenants or owners.
Common areas
A permit given by the local jurisdiction for a proposed use that would otherwise not be allowed in that particular zoning district - provides a means of imposing certain restrictions to ensure the development will not adversely affect the surrounding area
Conditional Use Permit (CUP)
A development in which the residents own their individual units but share common areas maintained by a corporation.
Condominium
The act of transferring an interest in a property to another person
Conveyance
A type of land ownership where the residents of individual units own an interest in the corporation that owns the entire property.
Co-op
A dead end street
Cul-de-sac
The donation of a small parcel of land by a private owner for public use.
Dedication
To remove items of value from a site
Despoil
The legal right of a developer to develop a parcel of land.
Development Rights
The rate of interest that reflects the time value of money and that is used to reduce future values to present values or to calculate the future value of money invested at this rate.
Discount Rate
A change in zoning resulting in a decrease of allowable density
Downzoning
The right to use a portion of land owned by another for a specific purpose, such as access and utilities.
Easement
The right of a governmental jurisdiction to take ownership of a private property for the public good while paying fair market value compensation to the owner.
Eminent Domain
An intrusion onto one property by the improvement of an adjoining property
Encroachment
The amount of money an owner of a property keeps after selling the property and paying off any mortgages.
Equity
The rate of change in the price for a particular good or service
Escalation rate
The value of a piece of property that a buyer would pay a seller in a free transaction.
Fair Market Value
An item that is attached to a building and is typically included in the sale of the building.
Fixture
A long-term lease of a property that allows the tenant to use and improve the land, but that reverts to the owner at the end of the lease
Ground lease
Restrictions on the heights of buildings per local jurisdictions
Height zoning
The ratio of the value of improvements on a property to the value of the property alone
Improvement ratio
A remedy by a court for a private land owner whose land has been taken away by a governmental body
Inverse Condemnation
Descriptive of a parcel of land that does not border any public road
Landlocked
A legal arrangement in which the owner of a property sells the property to someone and then immediately leases it from the buyer
Land Sale Leaseback
A document that gives up a person’s right to claim a lien against a property
Lien waiver
A claim placed against a property’s deed by someone who has provided work or materials to improve the property but has not been paid for the work
Lien
Minimum standards for residential buildings required by the Federal Housing Administration for construction or for underwriting a mortgage
Minimum property standards
A discount factor that is used to convert an annual amount that is changing from year to year at a given escalation rate to a time-equivalent present value
modified uniform present worth factor
The area of a building that is available for rent, which does not include common areas, stairs, etc.
Net leasable area
A document issued by a city’s building department that gives permission for a building to be occupied
Occupancy permit or Certificate of Occupancy
A separate location for development of retail space near a shopping center
Pad site
A shared wall between two leased spaces or two residential units
Party Wall or Demising Wall
A financial projection for a development project that determines whether the project is feasible given estimates on potential income and projected cost
Pro Forma
A limit on how the owner of a property can use or improve it
Restriction or Restrictive Covenant
Pertaining to land adjacent to a river or other body of water
Riparian
The rights of a landowner to use or control all or a portion of the water in a body of water bordering his or her property
Riparian rights
A minor tenant
Satellite tenant
An exemption from zoning regulations given to a jurisdiction
Special use permit
The application of specific zoning regulations to specific properties when nearby land is under different zoning
Spot zoning
Property that is not producing the maximum income it is capable of producing given its size, zoning, etc
Underimproved land
A method of converting the future value of money to a present worth using the discount rate
Uniform capital recovery
The discount factor that is used to convert a uniform annual value to a time-equivalent present value
Uniform present worth factor
The amount of money that has to be invested at today’s given interest rate to become a specified amount of money in the future
Uniform sinking fund
The illegal practice of charging exorbitant interest rates on a loan
Usury
Permission granted by a local jurisdiction to deviate from the literal provisions of a zoning ordinance where strict adherence would cause undue hardship because of circumstances unique to the property
Variance
Land that has development restrictions placed on it due to common flooding and environmental sensitivity
Wetlands
Part of a zoning regulation’s setback requirements that allows a building to be constructed at the lot line with no setback
Zero lot line
The set of zoning regulations established by the local jurisdiction
Zoning Bylaw
