Ballast - Chapter 09 - Site Analysis Flashcards
G [Slope of Land] in %
G=d/L
G=
d [vertical distance between contours, ft.] / ————————————————————————————————————L [horizontal distance between points of a slope, ft.]
SOLAR ORIENTATION
Solar Orientation influences three aspects of site planning…
- The Orientation of the Building to Control Solar Heat Gain and Heat Loss
- The Location of Outdoor Spaces and Activities
- The Location of Building Entries
PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING
Utilizes the concepts of shading, natural ventilation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and grouped coupling.
RADIATIVE COOLING
Uses thermal mass to store heat during the day and release heat to the outside at night.
GROUND COUPLING
Uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building, typically by using a ground source heat pump.
Facade-Integrated Photovoltaics or
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics can be integrated with other building materials such as glass and roofing shingles.
1 Acre
43,560 ft2
1 HECTARE
10,000 M2
WATER TABLE
Is the underground level below which the soil is saturated with water.
RUNOFF COEFFICIENT
The fraction of total precipitation that is not absorbed into the ground.
NONCONFORMING USES
Uses that do not comply with current zoning regulations, but that were permitted by the zoning ordinances in effect when the structure was built.
CONDITIONAL USE
Is a use that is permitted by a zoning authority with certain restrictions attached, when the proposed use is not normally permitted in that location. Granted if it is found to be in the public interest. A school,
VARIANCE
Is granted only where exact and literal application of the ordinance would cause undue hardship or practical difficulties.
SPOT ZONING
Change in zoning for the entire zoning district, if that was applied for, or it might result in a change of zoning for a specific parcel, if that was applied for.
P.U.D. - PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
Allows for a mixture of uses, not otherwise achievable in conventional zoning.
VARIANCE
Is a special authorization which grants an owner permission to deviate from the zoning requirements applicable to a land parcel.
F.A.R. - FLOOR AREA RATIO
Floor Area to Lot Area
E.I.S. - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
The responsible official must prepare a “DETAILED STATEMENT” discussing the environmental impact of the proposed action.
E.I.A. - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
An Evaluation based on comparative study of the proposed project in relation to the resource inventory of the site and region. The Assessment determines the potential “FIT” of the proposed project to its environment, identifies environmental and socioeconomic conflicts, and compares projects requirements with available resources.
EASEMENT
Is the legal right of a government or a landowner to make USE of the property of ANOTHER landowner for a particular purpose.
Right-of-Way
The right to traverse a neighbors land to gain access to ones own.
DEED RESTRICTIONS
Any clause in a DEED which restricts the future use of a parcel of land by the buyer of the land
COVENANT
Is a LEGAL AGREEMENT used to protect or uphold a condition of use in a parcel of land.
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
Are those that legally commit a buyer to perform certain duties in the future, such as maintaining a fence or roadway.
CONDITIONAL COVENANT OR CONDITION
Is a clause that imposes a restriction on a buyer and specifies that if the restriction is violated, the title to the land will revert to the original grantor or his heirs.
AIR RIGHT
Is the right to use the open space above land or above an existing structure.
Party Wall
Is a wall located on an interior lot line that forms part of two adjacent buildings. Also a fire wall.
PRESCRIPTIVE CODE
Is SIMPLE to administer but discourages innovation. It Specifies construction techniques, methods, and materials in detail.
PERFORMANCE CODE
Promotes INNOVATION in building design, but it may be difficult to administer. Establishes the functional requirements that a structure must satisfy under specific conditions.
RIDGE
When contour lines represent a RIDGE, they Point in the direction of the DOWNSLOPE.
VALLEY or “SWALE”
When contour lines represent a valley or swale they Point in the direction of the UPSLOPE.
Uniform Slope
Equally spaced contour lines
CONCAVE SLOPES
Have more closely spaced Contour Lines near the top of the slope.
CONVEX SLOPES
Have more closely spaced contour lines at the bottom of the slope.
SILT FENCE
Is a temporary fence designed to allow water to pass through while filtering out sediment and allowing the sediment to settle.
SOIL
Is the pulverized upper layer of the earth, formed by the erosion of rocks and plant remains and modified by living plants and organisms.
TOPSOIL
The visible upper layer, a mixture of mineral and organic material.
BEDROCK
Crust of the Earth, strongest material for foundation of a building.
GRAVEL
PARTICLES over 2mm in diameter. Gravels and sands are excellent for construction loads, drainage, and sewage drain fields, but they are unsuitable for landscaping.
Sand
Particles from .05mm to 2mm in diameter; the finest grains visible to the eye
Silt
Particles from .002mm to 0.05mm in diameter, the grains are invisible but can be felt as smooth. Silt is stable when dry or damp but unstable when wet. It swells and heaves when frozen and compresses under load. Generally, building foundations and road bases must extend below it or must be elastic enough to avoid damage. Some non plastic silts are usable for lighter loads.
Clay
Particles under.002mm in diameter, smooth and floury when dry, plastic and sticky when wet. Cohesive. CLAY expands when wet and is subject to slippage. It is poor for foundations unless it can be kept dry. It is also poor for landscaping and unsuitable for sewage drain fields or other types of drainage because it retains water and drains slowly.
CORE (The Image of the City, Kevin Lynch)
Is the focus of a district that may be perceived as a symbol of that part of the city. The core is often located at the junction of primary paths, or it could be an element or feature that influences the rest of the area. For example, a core might be a large open air market, a baseball stadium, or a street with lots of shops and restaurants. A core attracts people to the area, is served by the major transportation paths, and is the first image that most people associate with that part of the city.
RECESS LINE
To maintain the continuity of the public space enclosure defined by the other buildings, an architect should be most sensitive to the recess line. In urban site planning, the recess line is the top of the full-width plane of a building facade, which effectively defines the enclosure of public space relative to the distance between it and an opposite facade. If there is any portion of the building above the recess line, it is set back to provide daylighting or views, so it does not affect the sense of enclosure of the public space.
