Balanced Diet Flashcards
Factors that impact food utilization include;
.
Factors that impact food utilization include;
•Digestion and absorption, metabolism, health status, environmental factors, and cultural and social factors.
——— carbohydrates are composed of one or two sugar molecules and are easily digestible
Simple carbohydrates are composed of one or two sugar molecules and are easily digestible
—— carbohydrates, also known as polysaccharides, are composed of long chains of sugar molecules. They are found in whole grains, vegetables, and legumes
Complex
——— fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, and oats, dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. This slows down the digestive process, leading to a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream
Soluble fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, and oats, dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. This slows down the digestive process, leading to a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream
Soluble fiber, found in ———, dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. This slows down the digestive process, leading to a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream
Soluble fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, and oats, dissolves in water and forms a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. This slows down the digestive process, leading to a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream
——— fiber, found in whole grains and vegetables, does not dissolve in water and passes through the digestive system largely intact. This type of fiber helps promote bowel regularity and can have a positive impact on overall gut health.
Insoluble
boiling potatoes can lead to a (higher/lower?) glycemic index compared to roasting them due to the loss of starch.
boiling potatoes can lead to a higher glycemic index compared to roasting them due to the loss of starch.
What are the factors affecting digestion of carbohydrates
Type of carbohydrates
Fiber content
Individual digestive differences
Food processing
The ————is the primary site of carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
small intestine
———: A measure of how quickly a food raises blood sugar levels.
Glycemic index: A measure of how quickly a food raises blood sugar levels.
• What digestive enzyme, produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, helps break down complex carbohydrates into smaller sugars?
• What is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells?
• What is the hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood?
• What enzyme breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products?
•
• What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down sucrose, a sugar found in table sugar and many fruits and vegetables?
• Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates?
• What digestive enzyme, produced by the pancreas and salivary glands, helps break down complex carbohydrates into smaller sugars?
• Answer: Amylase
• What is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells?
• Answer: Glucose, a simple sugar that is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates
• What is the hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood?
• Answer: Insulin
• What enzyme breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products?
• Answer: Lactase
• What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down sucrose, a sugar found in table sugar and many fruits and vegetables?
• Answer: Sucrase
• Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates?
• Answer: The small intestine
• What is the name of the process by which complex carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugars during digestion?
• What is the term used to describe the measure of how quickly a food raises
blood sugar levels?
• What is the name of the sugar found in grains such as barley and malted milk that is broken down by the enzyme maltase?
• Which macronutrient found in foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables
provides the body with energy?
• What is the name of the process by which complex carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugars during digestion?
• Answer: Carbohydrate hydrolysis
• What is the term used to describe the measure of how quickly a food raises
blood sugar levels?
• Answer: Glycemic index
• What is the name of the sugar found in grains such as barley and malted milk that is broken down by the enzyme maltase?
• Answer: Maltose
• Which macronutrient found in foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables
provides the body with energy?
• Answer: Carbohydrates
What happens to carbohydrates that are not digested in the small intestine? .
• What is the name of the dietary fiber that is not digested by human enzymes but can be fermented by gut bacteria?
• What is the term used to describe the condition in which the body is unable to produce enough of the enzyme needed to break down lactose?
• What type of carbohydrate is most likely to have a high glycemic index?
• What is the name of the thick, viscous fiber that has been shown to slow down the absorption of carbohydrates and reduce blood sugar spikes?.
•
What happens to carbohydrates that are not digested in the small intestine?
• Answer: Undigested carbohydrates travel to the large intestine, where they can be fermented by gut bacteria and produce gas.
• What is the name of the dietary fiber that is not digested by human enzymes but can be fermented by gut bacteria?
• Answer: Prebiotic fiber
• What is the term used to describe the condition in which the body is unable to produce enough of the enzyme needed to break down lactose?
• Answer: Lactose intolerance
• What type of carbohydrate is most likely to have a high glycemic index?
• Answer: Simple carbohydrates, such as table sugar or candy, are more likely to have a high glycemic index than complex carbohydrates like whole grains or legumes.
• What is the name of the thick, viscous fiber that has been shown to slow down the absorption of carbohydrates and reduce blood sugar spikes?
• Answer: Soluble fiber, such as that found in oats, beans, and fruits, can help regulate blood sugar levels by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates.
What is the name of the digestive disorder in which the body cannot digest gluten, a type of protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?
• What is the name of the enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands and helps to begin the
digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
•
• What is the name of the type of carbohydrate that is made up of a long chain of glucose molecules and is not easily digested by humans?
• What is the name of the condition in which blood sugar levels are too high due to a lack of insulin or an inability of the body to use insulin effectively?
What is the name of the digestive disorder in which the body cannot digest gluten, a type of protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?
• Answer: Celiac disease is a digestive disorder that affects the ability of the body to digest gluten.
• What is the name of the enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands and helps to begin the
digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
• Answer: Alpha-amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that helps to begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth.
• What is the name of the type of carbohydrate that is made up of a long chain of glucose molecules and is not easily digested by humans?
• Answer: Resistant starch is a type of carbohydrate that is not easily digested by humans and can have a beneficial effect on gut health.
• What is the name of the condition in which blood sugar levels are too high due to a lack of insulin or an inability of the body to use insulin effectively?
• Answer: Diabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels are too high due to a lack of insulin or an inability of the body to use insulin effectively.
What is the name of the hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of carbohydrates and helps to stimulate the release of insulin?
• What is the name of the process by which the body converts excess carbohydrates into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles?
What is the name of the hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of carbohydrates and helps to stimulate the release of insulin?
• Answer: GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of carbohydrates and helps to stimulate the release of insulin.
• What is the name of the process by which the body converts excess carbohydrates into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles?
• Answer: Glycogenesis is the process by which the body converts excess carbohydrates into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.
