balance and postural contro Flashcards

1
Q

define balance

A

state of an object where the resultant forces acting upon it are 0

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2
Q

explain balance in a static situation

A

if the LOG falls within an objects COG it is balanced

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3
Q

COG of UE

A

just above the elbow

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4
Q

COG of arm

A

medial head of triceps

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5
Q

COG of forearm

A

pronator teres

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6
Q

COG of LE

A

just above the knee

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7
Q

COG of thigh

A

adductor brevis

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8
Q

COG of leg

A

popliteus

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9
Q

COG of body

A

1 in anterior to S2

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10
Q

COG of hand

A

3rd MCP

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11
Q

COG of foot

A

2nd MTP

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12
Q

what is stability

A

exists if line of gravity is within BOS; inc with alrger BOS and lower COG

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13
Q

lever class for stability

A

lever 1 - antlanto-occipital and gastrocsoleus

effort - fulcrum - resistance

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14
Q

lever class for power

A

lever 2 - shunt muscles; brachioradialis

fulcrum - resistance - effort

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15
Q

lever class for speed

A

lever 3 - spurt muscles; biceps

fulcrum - effort - resistance

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16
Q

what is postural control

A

a combi of stability and balance

17
Q

what are the 3 kinds of postural control

A
  1. maintenance of specified posture or static balance - sitting or standing
  2. voluntary movement or dynamic balance; achieving - sit to stand, picking things up
  3. reaction to external disturbance or restoration of balance - protuberance and strategies
18
Q

it refers to the ability of an object to remain or return in a state of balance

19
Q

it refers to the ability of a person to remain or return in a state of balance

A

human stability

20
Q

it is the act of maintaining, achieving, restoring balance at any posture

A

postural control

21
Q

how does one attain postural control

A

threat detected by sensory then response through motor or the strategies

22
Q

what are the strategies for postural control

A

fixed-support - ankle or hip strategy

change-in-support - stepping or grasping strat

can also be reactive (compensatory) or predictive (anticipatory)

23
Q

parts of CNS involved in postural control

A

DCML - proprioception

MLF - vestibulo-ocular

24
Q

what is the ITE model

A

balance is a result of individual, postural task and environment

25
exp individual in ITE
involves motor, sensory and cognitive
26
exp postural task in ITE
steady state, proactive or reactive
27
exp environment in ITE
support surfaces, sensory context and cognitive load
28
what are the 3 types of balance control
steady-state balance reactive balance - feedback proactive balance - feedforward
29
relate functional tasks to balance control
most functional tasks require the 3 types of balance control in reaching heavy obj - uses steady-state to maintain pos; reactive if you lost balance or too heavy; anticipatory to prevent mabigla when lifting heavy
30
how to test for steady-state balance
forward reach test or berg balance test
31
how to test for reactive balance
add perturbation and look for ankle and hip strategies or change in support
32
what is SOT
assesses the 3 sensory inputs for balance under 6 diff testing conditions vision, somatosensory, vestibular 10 secs x 3 trials for each condition
33
it is the only muscle active during static silent standing
soleus
34