balance and postural contro Flashcards
define balance
state of an object where the resultant forces acting upon it are 0
explain balance in a static situation
if the LOG falls within an objects COG it is balanced
COG of UE
just above the elbow
COG of arm
medial head of triceps
COG of forearm
pronator teres
COG of LE
just above the knee
COG of thigh
adductor brevis
COG of leg
popliteus
COG of body
1 in anterior to S2
COG of hand
3rd MCP
COG of foot
2nd MTP
what is stability
exists if line of gravity is within BOS; inc with alrger BOS and lower COG
lever class for stability
lever 1 - antlanto-occipital and gastrocsoleus
effort - fulcrum - resistance
lever class for power
lever 2 - shunt muscles; brachioradialis
fulcrum - resistance - effort
lever class for speed
lever 3 - spurt muscles; biceps
fulcrum - effort - resistance
what is postural control
a combi of stability and balance
what are the 3 kinds of postural control
- maintenance of specified posture or static balance - sitting or standing
- voluntary movement or dynamic balance; achieving - sit to stand, picking things up
- reaction to external disturbance or restoration of balance - protuberance and strategies
it refers to the ability of an object to remain or return in a state of balance
stability
it refers to the ability of a person to remain or return in a state of balance
human stability
it is the act of maintaining, achieving, restoring balance at any posture
postural control
how does one attain postural control
threat detected by sensory then response through motor or the strategies
what are the strategies for postural control
fixed-support - ankle or hip strategy
change-in-support - stepping or grasping strat
can also be reactive (compensatory) or predictive (anticipatory)
parts of CNS involved in postural control
DCML - proprioception
MLF - vestibulo-ocular
what is the ITE model
balance is a result of individual, postural task and environment
exp individual in ITE
involves motor, sensory and cognitive
exp postural task in ITE
steady state, proactive or reactive
exp environment in ITE
support surfaces, sensory context and cognitive load
what are the 3 types of balance control
steady-state balance
reactive balance - feedback
proactive balance - feedforward
relate functional tasks to balance control
most functional tasks require the 3 types of balance control
in reaching heavy obj - uses steady-state to maintain pos; reactive if you lost balance or too heavy; anticipatory to prevent mabigla when lifting heavy
how to test for steady-state balance
forward reach test or berg balance test
how to test for reactive balance
add perturbation and look for ankle and hip strategies or change in support
what is SOT
assesses the 3 sensory inputs for balance under 6 diff testing conditions
vision, somatosensory, vestibular
10 secs x 3 trials for each condition
it is the only muscle active during static silent standing
soleus
