balance and postural contro

Question 1

define balance

Answer 1

state of an object where the resultant forces acting upon it are 0

Question 2

explain balance in a static situation

Answer 2

if the LOG falls within an objects COG it is balanced

Question 3

COG of UE

Answer 3

just above the elbow

Question 4

COG of arm

Answer 4

medial head of triceps

Question 5

COG of forearm

Answer 5

pronator teres

Question 6

COG of LE

Answer 6

just above the knee

Question 7

COG of thigh

Answer 7

adductor brevis

Question 8

COG of leg

Answer 8

popliteus

Question 9

COG of body

Answer 9

1 in anterior to S2

Question 10

COG of hand

Answer 10

3rd MCP

Question 11

COG of foot

Answer 11

2nd MTP

Question 12

what is stability

Answer 12

exists if line of gravity is within BOS; inc with alrger BOS and lower COG

Question 13

lever class for stability

Answer 13

lever 1 - antlanto-occipital and gastrocsoleus

effort - fulcrum - resistance

Question 14

lever class for power

Answer 14

lever 2 - shunt muscles; brachioradialis

fulcrum - resistance - effort

Question 15

lever class for speed

Answer 15

lever 3 - spurt muscles; biceps

fulcrum - effort - resistance

Question 16

what is postural control

Answer 16

a combi of stability and balance

Question 17

what are the 3 kinds of postural control

Answer 17

1. maintenance of specified posture or static balance - sitting or standing
2. voluntary movement or dynamic balance; achieving - sit to stand, picking things up
3. reaction to external disturbance or restoration of balance - protuberance and strategies

Question 18

it refers to the ability of an object to remain or return in a state of balance

Answer 18

stability

Question 19

it refers to the ability of a person to remain or return in a state of balance

Answer 19

human stability

Question 20

it is the act of maintaining, achieving, restoring balance at any posture

Answer 20

postural control

Question 21

how does one attain postural control

Answer 21

threat detected by sensory then response through motor or the strategies

Question 22

what are the strategies for postural control

Answer 22

fixed-support - ankle or hip strategy

change-in-support - stepping or grasping strat

can also be reactive (compensatory) or predictive (anticipatory)

Question 23

parts of CNS involved in postural control

Answer 23

DCML - proprioception

MLF - vestibulo-ocular

Question 24

what is the ITE model

Answer 24

balance is a result of individual, postural task and environment

Question 25

exp individual in ITE

Answer 25

involves motor, sensory and cognitive

Question 26

exp postural task in ITE

Answer 26

steady state, proactive or reactive

Question 27

exp environment in ITE

Answer 27

support surfaces, sensory context and cognitive load

Question 28

what are the 3 types of balance control

Answer 28

steady-state balance

reactive balance - feedback

proactive balance - feedforward

Question 29

relate functional tasks to balance control

Answer 29

most functional tasks require the 3 types of balance control

in reaching heavy obj - uses steady-state to maintain pos; reactive if you lost balance or too heavy; anticipatory to prevent mabigla when lifting heavy

Question 30

how to test for steady-state balance

Answer 30

forward reach test or berg balance test

Question 31

how to test for reactive balance

Answer 31

add perturbation and look for ankle and hip strategies or change in support

Question 32

what is SOT

Answer 32

assesses the 3 sensory inputs for balance under 6 diff testing conditions

vision, somatosensory, vestibular

10 secs x 3 trials for each condition

Question 33

it is the only muscle active during static silent standing

Answer 33

soleus