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Micro/Immuno I > Bailey: Gram - pathogens > Flashcards

Bailey: Gram - pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two classes of gram - pathos at mucosal surfaces?

A
  1. enterobacteriaceae

2. vibrionoaceae

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2
Q

what species are in enterobacteriaceae?

A
  1. escherichia coli
  2. salmonella spp
  3. shigella spp
  4. klebsiella spp
  5. proteus spp
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3
Q

defenses of mucosal surfaces

A
  1. innate immunity
  2. adaptive immunity (generated in lymph nodes)
  3. nonspecific barrier defenses
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4
Q

oral health practitioners care about GI disease because…

A

feces, food, fluids, fingers, flies, fomites fornication

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5
Q

which natural barrier defenses help protect against gram - patho infection?

A
  1. secretory substances
  2. anatomical and physiological barriers
  3. indigenous microbiota
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6
Q

secretory antimicrobial compounds

A
  1. lysozyme (meramidase) cleaves btwn NAG and NAN
  2. lactoferrin: bacterioststic bc sequesters iron
  3. cathelicidin: disrupts bact mem
  4. defensins: creates pores in microbes
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7
Q

how do patho bacteria overcome innate defense barriers?

A
  1. acid resistance
  2. fimbriae/pili (adhere to tissue to avoid being shed)
  3. bacterial structures
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8
Q

why are macrophages an imp component of mucosal immunity?

A

they recognize microbes via pattern recognition, they become activated (also initiates imflamm response), and can kill microbes

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9
Q

gram - invasive bacterial pathos and symptoms

A

salmonella spp
shigella spp

LI, small vol of stool, bloody stool, leukocytes in stool, tissue ulcerations

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10
Q

gram - toxin producing bacterial pathogen

A

V. cholerae

Entertoxigenic coli

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11
Q

shigella entry, spread, multiplication

A
  • very small inoculum size
  • basal layer not resistant to infection
  • survives stomach bc acid resistance
  • multiply/colonize in colon
  • released into lamina propria, ingested by macrophages, inflamm response causes illness
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12
Q

shigella dysenteriae type I

A
  • different
  • gastroenteritis presents as invasive diarrhea
  • produces shiga toxin (disrupts NA absorption)
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13
Q

what 2 main diseases does salmonella cause?

A
  1. gastroenteritis (typhimurium and enteritidis serotypes)

2. typhoid fever (typhi and paratyphi serotypes)

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14
Q

2 species of salmonella

A

S. bongori

S. enterica (all medically important species)

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15
Q

salmonella infection

A
  • fecal-oral transmission

- relatively large innoculum

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16
Q

salmonella invasion

A
  • induce cell signalling path, increase incellular Ca
  • induce surface ruffles and uptake of organism that remains in cell vesicles for many hours
  • released to LP, induces Na Cl loss from host cells
  • macs engulf most, typhoid serovars grow in them
17
Q

salmonella typhi

A
  • strictly human patho

- asymptomatic carriers

18
Q

gram - toxin producing pathos

A
  1. vibrio spp
  2. entertoxigenic e coli

-SI, copious amts of watery stool, no blood in stool, no leukocytes in stool, no tissue damage

19
Q

virulence factors of V cholerae infection

A
  • flagella
  • pili to adhere to mucosal tissue
  • cholera toxin (phage encoded)
20
Q

enterotoxigenic e coli (ETEC)

A
  • travelers diarrhea
  • large infectious dose
  • CFA on fimbrae to adhere to mucosal tissue
  • produces toxins LT and ST responsible for disease
21
Q

Tx for secretory diarrhea

A 
oral rehydration (sugar and salt)
antibiotics help shorted duration/reduce severity
22
Q

hybrid misfit gram - bacteria pathos

A

enteropathogenic e coli (EPEC)
enterohemorrhagic e coli (EHEC)

lower SI, upper LI, colonization causes attaching and effacing lesions, blood in stool with EHEC

23
Q

EPEC

A
  • prevalent in newborns
  • noninflamm secretory diarrhea
  • distal SI
  • large infectious dose
  • no traditional exotoxins
  • intimate adherence pattern (attach and efface lesion)
24
Q

what causes diarrhea with EPEC?

A

malabsorption due to microvilli disruptions, and tight jnctn dusruption

25
Q

EHEC

A
  • has set of EPEC genes
  • produces toxin for hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • cattle are primary reservoir
  • attaching effacing lesion
  • produces shiga like toxin
26
Q

most common form of bacterial infection of an organ system

A

UTIs

27
Q

proteus mirabilis virulence factors

A
  • flagella
  • specific fimbriae adhesin
  • hemolysins
  • IgA protease
  • urease (raised pH of urine)
28
Q

klebsiella virulence factors

A
  • pili
  • enterotoxin similar to ST and LT
  • aerobactin
  • antiphagocytic capsule
29
Q

helicobacter pylori

A
  • most prevalent gram - GI bug
  • oral-oral, oral-fecal transmission
  • slow bacterium
  • no animal reservoir
30
Q

small gram - pathos

A

chlamydiae
rickettsiae
ehrlichia

31
Q

chlamydiae

A

-small
-gram -
no peptidoglycan in cell walls
obligate intracellular pathos
-depend on host for ATP
-complex development cycle

32
Q

chlamydial infections

A
  • leading cause of preventable blindness in world
  • most common agents of STIs
  • droplet/direct contact infection
  • infect mucosal epi cells
  • localized (eyes lungs genitals)
  • spread by fingers, glies, fomites, fornication
33
Q

C. trachomatis infections

A
  • genital tract
  • usually asymptomatic in females
  • infections can be acute or chronic
  • infants can contract it during birth leading to conjunctivitis and pneumonia
34
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae

A
  • most prevalent chlam. path in population
  • asymptomatic or acute resp response
  • often observed in pts with atherosclerotic heart lesions
35
Q

rickettsiae

A
  • small gram - rods
  • obligate intracellular bacteria
  • zoonoses
  • non energy parasites
  • no flagella or endospores

Micro/Immuno I (2 decks)

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