Bacteriology and Infection

Question 1

Bacteria Definition

Answer 1

One celled, micro organisms with plant/animal characteristics

Question 2

Other names for bacteria?

Answer 2

Germs and microbes

Question 3

Where can they be found?

Answer 3

Skin, water, air, free edge of fingernails

Question 4

Why are pathogens harmful?

Answer 4

They can cause disease and infection when they are in the body

Question 5

Cocci? Movement?

Answer 5

Round shaped, either singular/in groups.

Rarely shows active motility, transmitted in the air/dust/substance they settle in.

Question 6

Bacilli? Movement?

Answer 6

Short, rod shaped

Motile, using hair-like projection to move (flagella/cilia)

Question 7

Spirillum? Movement?

Answer 7

Spiral shaped

Motile, using hair-like projection to move (flagella/cilia)

Question 8

Motile Definition?

Answer 8

Self-movement

Question 9

Phases in a Bacteria’s Life Cycle?

Answer 9

Active/vegetative, and inactive/spore forming

Question 10

Describe the active stage

Answer 10

• Growing and reproducing
• Multiplies best in warm/dark/damp/dirty places with sufficient food available
• After reaching the largest size, divides into two cells (mitosis)
• When conditions are unfavourable, becomes inactive

Question 11

Describe the inactive stage

Answer 11

• Can coat themselves with a waxy outer shells (able to withstand long periods of dryness/unsuitable temperatures)
• Spores can be blown about
• Not harmed by disinfectant/heat/cold
• When conditions are favourable, spores can become active

Question 12

Examples of bacteria that can coat themselves with a waxy outer shell

Answer 12

Anthrax, tetanus bacilli

Question 13

Why do infections occur?

Answer 13

The body is unable to cope with bacteria and its toxins

Question 14

Pathogenic Infection?

Answer 14

Enters the body through a cut, mouth, nose, eyes and ears

• Can be prevented/controlled with personal hygiene/public sanitation

Question 15

Local Infection?

Answer 15

A boil/pimple containing pus

Question 16

General Infection?

Answer 16

When the bloodstream carries bacteria and its toxins to all parts of the body

Question 17

Bacterial Infection Prevention?

Answer 17

Disease become contagious/communicable when it spread from one person to another by contact

• Unclean hands/implements, open sours, pus, mouth/nose discharge, shared drinking cups/towels

Question 18

Parasites?

Answer 18

Organisms that live on other living organisms without giving anything in return

Question 19

Plant parasites/fungus?

Answer 19

Molds/mildews/yeast produce contagious diseases

Question 20

Animal parasites?

Answer 20

Responsible for head lice/itch mites (scabies)

Question 21

Viruses can past through…

Answer 21

Pores of a filter

Question 22

Virus Definition?

Answer 22

Capable of infection of almost all plants/animals/bacteria

Question 23

Virus Examples?

Answer 23

Common cold, other respiratory/gastrointestinal infections, measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, polio, influenza, HIV, AIDS

Question 24

Hepatitis? Types?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the liver caused by a blood=borne virus, present in all body fluids of an infected person

A: Flue like, spread through poor sanitation, food, or person to person
B: Vaccine available
C: No vaccine available

Question 25

HIV?

Answer 25

Human immuno-deficiency virus, causes AIDS

Question 26

AIDS?

Answer 26

Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome, breaks down the body’s immune system

Question 27

Immunity Definition?

Answer 27

Ability of the body to destroy bacteria that have gained entrance, thus resist infection

Question 28

Natural immunity definition?

Answer 28

Natural resistance to a disease

Question 29

Acquired immunity definition?

Answer 29

Something the body develops after it has over the disease/through inoculation (vaccine)

Question 30

How can bacteria be destroyed?

Answer 30

With disinfectant/intense heat

Question 31

Sanitation definition?

Answer 31

Lowest level of decontamination, soap and water

Question 32

Antiseptic definition?

Answer 32

Kills bacteria and slows growth, for skin

Question 33

Disinfectant?

Answer 33

Kills microbes on a contaminated tools/surfaces

• Doesn’t kill spores
• Not for nails/skin

Question 34

Sterilization definition?

Answer 34

Completely destroys all living organisms/bacterial spores on a surface

Question 35

Mixing barbicide?

Answer 35

2oz (1/4 cups) concentrate to 32 oz to cold water

• Add barbicide to water, avoids splashing
• Wear gloves and goggles

Question 36

Universal Precautions?

Answer 36

A set of guidelines/controls set by the CDC (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

• Requires the employer/employee to assume all blood/specific body fluids are infected with HIV/HBV/other blood borne pathogens

Question 37

Universal Precautions?

Answer 37

A set of guidelines/controls set by the CDC (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention)

• Requires the employer/employee to assume all blood/specific body fluids are infected with HIV/HBV/other blood borne pathogens

Question 38

Asymptomatic Definition?

Answer 38

Shows no symptoms/signs of infection

Question 39

Mold?

Answer 39

A fungus growth, usually grows in dark/damp places

• Spores carry toxins, causing allergies/sickness

Question 40

Mildew?

Answer 40

Moldy coating produced by fungi that can appear on walls/fabrics/curtains…

• Dirt=nutrients for mold

Question 41

How to combat mold/mildew?

Answer 41

Proper sanitation