Bacteriology Flashcards
Artificial substance in which an organism finds nourishment and can reproduce
Culture media
Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Primary Stain
Malachite green
Pigment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Green
Odor of Nocardia
Freshly plowed field
Passage of light or electrons of various wavelengths through lenses to magnify objects and provide resolution and contrast so that those objects can be viewed and studied
Microscopy
Resolution of light microscopes
200 nm
Magnification of light microscopes
1x to 2000x
Type of light microscope for 3-dimensional images
Nomarski
Type of light microscope for staining
Bright field
Colored portion of the dye
Chromophore
It requires small amounts of oxygen, but higher concentrations are inhibitory
Microaerophile
Can grow in relatively high salt solutions, up to approximately 10% NaCl
Osmotolerant
Best method for measuring the growth of filamentous microorganisms
Total weight
How is viable cell count reported?
Colony forming units
Combination of simple streaking in one plate
Multiple streaking method
Alternate forms of genes
Alleles
Codes for all the charactersitics of the organism; represents the potential properties
Genotype
Alters adenine to pair with cytosine
Nitrous acid
Define transversion
A purine is replaced by pyrimidine or vice versa
Define mutagen
Agent that initiates mutation
Who introduced Operon concept?
Jacob and Monad
2 types of transduction
Generalized and specialized transduction
Colonization or invasion of pathogens
Infection
What is focal infection?
Systemic infection that began as a local infection
Hospital acquired infections
Nosocomial
Stage of disease wherein you are more susceptible to 2’ infections
Period of decline
Cannot multiply if not harbored or adopted by a host cell
Acellular particles
2 indirect methods used to measure bacterial growth
Measuring biomass; Measuring cell products
Energy source of chemoautotroph
Inorganic molecules
Carbon source of photoautotroph
Carbon dioxide
Temperature is due to what structure?
Protein
Optimum temperature for mesophile
25 C and 45 C
Under oxygen availability, it is where most spore forms
Facultative anaerobe
2 essential functions of genetic material
Replication, expression
How does the size of the gene and genome expressed?
Number of base pairs
Define bacteriophage
Virus that infects bacteria
Type of plasmid that code for the transmissible drug resistance
Resistance factor
TRUE or FALSE: Plasmids are essential for the survival of the bacterium
False
How does F- cell become F+?
When F- receives the fertility factor from another F+ cell
Size of plasmids
1 kb to 400 kb
Carry one or more orther genes in addition to those which are essential for transposition
Transposons
Define etiology
Study of the cause of a disease
Worldwide epidemic
Pandemic
Define probiotics
Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
Give 3 ways on how the normal microbiota protect the host
Occupy niches that pathogen might occupy
Produce acids
Produce bacteriocins
Growth of bacteria in the blood is to ________ whereas bacteria in the blood is ________
Septicemia; Bacteremia
It is a fresh, unfixed smear
Wet mount
A device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam
Autoclave
Type of CM that favors the growth of most bacteria and gives differentiation between different species of bacteria
Differential media
Streaking method for butt/slant
Stab and simple streaking
In terms of consistency, SIM is
Semi-solid
An equipment that releases gases to remove oxygen from a closed container
Gas pak
Small glass tube used to detect gas formation in sugar fermentation media
Durham tube
Autoclave standards for decontamination of most microbiological materials are
121 degrees Celsius at 15 psi for 60 mins.
Most common contaminant
Bacillus subtilis
Type of CM that supports the growth of specific bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others with the addition of some nutritional requirement
Selective media
Streaking method for broth
Dip and shake
It is defined as the comparison between the effectiveness of certain disinfectant as compared to phenol
Phenol coefficient
A procedure that is used to ensure that bacteria are not inadvertently introduced from one location into another
Aseptic technique
Type of CM that uses additional requirement to facilitate growth of fastidious organisms
Enrichment media
Bacterial smears are observed under what objective?
OIO
Ideal size of bacterial smear
2x3 cm
The process where one dye is added to the smear to delineate morphology but renders all structure the same
Simple staining
Gram staining was developed by
Danish physician Christian Gram
Gram staining is an example of acid fast stain. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE - differential stain
In gram staining, iodine is used as a
Mordant
Lipopolysaccharide is found in cell wall of
Gram negative bacteria
Using the Hiss method, what will be the appearance of capsule?
Clear
The best culture media to use the support the growth of encapsulated bacteria
Milk broth
In the Schaeffer-Fulton staining technique, whoch stain is taken up by the spore?
Malachite
In the Leifson flagellar staining technique, the flagella will stain
Red
Possible error in the demonstration of spore doing staining:
A. Stain has dried out
B. Washing with tap water
C. Heating of preparation
D. Application of safranin instead of methylene blue
A
In the Dorner method for staining spores, what is the purpose of steaming over a container of bpiling water?
Allow the penetration of stain
Which of the following is NOT true about the mannitol salt agar?
A. The presence of mannitol makes it highly selective media
B. Phenol red acts as an indicator for a color change
C. NaCl allows the growth of only Staph species
D. The production of acid by the bacteria causes the yellow color in the medium
A
The change of color in the MSA indicates
Utilization of mannitol by the organism
Most common pathogen in throat cultures
Group A streptococci
S.pyogenes can be differentiated from other hemolytic Strep on the basis of
Bacitracin sensitivity
Staph spp that have a lemon yellow pigment in a culture medium
Staph saprophyticus
CAMP factor produced by Group B beta-hemolytic strep
A. Reduces the zone of lysis formed by strep
B. Hydrolyzed the B factor
C. Causes change in color
D. Enlarges the zone of lysis formed by Staphylococcal beta-hemolysin
D
Rheumatic feber damages the ____, and glomerulonephritis damages the ____
Heart valves; kidney
An extracellular enzyme produced by S.pyogenes and is calles as spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
MIC values is
The lowest concentration that allows growth
Bile esculin test is used to differentiate
Group D strep from other strep
Optochin test is done only on colonies of whoch hemolytic type?
Alpha
Growth in 6.5% salt broth and esculin hydrolysis are tests for
Enterococci
A small zone of alpha hemolysis surroundedby a zone of beta hemolysis
Alpha prime hemolysis
Microscopic morphology of Neisseria spp
Gram negative diplococci
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome is a complication of infection with which organism?
N.meningitidis
Gram -, non-motile, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, catalase negative
N.elongata
