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Board Exam > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

0
Q

Artificial substance in which an organism finds nourishment and can reproduce

A

Culture media

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1
Q

Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Primary Stain

A

Malachite green

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2
Q

Pigment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Green

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3
Q

Odor of Nocardia

A

Freshly plowed field

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4
Q

Passage of light or electrons of various wavelengths through lenses to magnify objects and provide resolution and contrast so that those objects can be viewed and studied

A

Microscopy

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5
Q

Resolution of light microscopes

A

200 nm

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6
Q

Magnification of light microscopes

A

1x to 2000x

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7
Q

Type of light microscope for 3-dimensional images

A

Nomarski

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8
Q

Type of light microscope for staining

A

Bright field

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9
Q

Colored portion of the dye

A

Chromophore

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10
Q

It requires small amounts of oxygen, but higher concentrations are inhibitory

A

Microaerophile

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11
Q

Can grow in relatively high salt solutions, up to approximately 10% NaCl

A

Osmotolerant

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12
Q

Best method for measuring the growth of filamentous microorganisms

A

Total weight

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13
Q

How is viable cell count reported?

A

Colony forming units

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14
Q

Combination of simple streaking in one plate

A

Multiple streaking method

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15
Q

Alternate forms of genes

A

Alleles

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16
Q

Codes for all the charactersitics of the organism; represents the potential properties

A

Genotype

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17
Q

Alters adenine to pair with cytosine

A

Nitrous acid

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18
Q

Define transversion

A

A purine is replaced by pyrimidine or vice versa

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19
Q

Define mutagen

A

Agent that initiates mutation

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20
Q

Who introduced Operon concept?

A

Jacob and Monad

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21
Q

2 types of transduction

A

Generalized and specialized transduction

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22
Q

Colonization or invasion of pathogens

A

Infection

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23
Q

What is focal infection?

A

Systemic infection that began as a local infection

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24
Q

Hospital acquired infections

A

Nosocomial

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25
Q

Stage of disease wherein you are more susceptible to 2’ infections

A

Period of decline

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26
Q

Cannot multiply if not harbored or adopted by a host cell

A

Acellular particles

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27
Q

2 indirect methods used to measure bacterial growth

A

Measuring biomass; Measuring cell products

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28
Q

Energy source of chemoautotroph

A

Inorganic molecules

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29
Q

Carbon source of photoautotroph

A

Carbon dioxide

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30
Q

Temperature is due to what structure?

A

Protein

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31
Q

Optimum temperature for mesophile

A

25 C and 45 C

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32
Q

Under oxygen availability, it is where most spore forms

A

Facultative anaerobe

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33
Q

2 essential functions of genetic material

A

Replication, expression

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34
Q

How does the size of the gene and genome expressed?

A

Number of base pairs

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35
Q

Define bacteriophage

A

Virus that infects bacteria

36
Q

Type of plasmid that code for the transmissible drug resistance

A

Resistance factor

37
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Plasmids are essential for the survival of the bacterium

A

False

38
Q

How does F- cell become F+?

A

When F- receives the fertility factor from another F+ cell

39
Q

Size of plasmids

A

1 kb to 400 kb

40
Q

Carry one or more orther genes in addition to those which are essential for transposition

A

Transposons

41
Q

Define etiology

A

Study of the cause of a disease

42
Q

Worldwide epidemic

A

Pandemic

43
Q

Define probiotics

A

Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

44
Q

Give 3 ways on how the normal microbiota protect the host

A

Occupy niches that pathogen might occupy
Produce acids
Produce bacteriocins

45
Q

Growth of bacteria in the blood is to ________ whereas bacteria in the blood is ________

A

Septicemia; Bacteremia

46
Q

It is a fresh, unfixed smear

A

Wet mount

47
Q

A device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam

A

Autoclave

48
Q

Type of CM that favors the growth of most bacteria and gives differentiation between different species of bacteria

A

Differential media

49
Q

Streaking method for butt/slant

A

Stab and simple streaking

50
Q

In terms of consistency, SIM is

A

Semi-solid

51
Q

An equipment that releases gases to remove oxygen from a closed container

A

Gas pak

52
Q

Small glass tube used to detect gas formation in sugar fermentation media

A

Durham tube

53
Q

Autoclave standards for decontamination of most microbiological materials are

A

121 degrees Celsius at 15 psi for 60 mins.

54
Q

Most common contaminant

A

Bacillus subtilis

55
Q

Type of CM that supports the growth of specific bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others with the addition of some nutritional requirement

A

Selective media

56
Q

Streaking method for broth

A

Dip and shake

57
Q

It is defined as the comparison between the effectiveness of certain disinfectant as compared to phenol

A

Phenol coefficient

58
Q

A procedure that is used to ensure that bacteria are not inadvertently introduced from one location into another

A

Aseptic technique

59
Q

Type of CM that uses additional requirement to facilitate growth of fastidious organisms

A

Enrichment media

60
Q

Bacterial smears are observed under what objective?

A

OIO

61
Q

Ideal size of bacterial smear

A

2x3 cm

62
Q

The process where one dye is added to the smear to delineate morphology but renders all structure the same

A

Simple staining

63
Q

Gram staining was developed by

A

Danish physician Christian Gram

64
Q

Gram staining is an example of acid fast stain. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE - differential stain

65
Q

In gram staining, iodine is used as a

A

Mordant

66
Q

Lipopolysaccharide is found in cell wall of

A

Gram negative bacteria

67
Q

Using the Hiss method, what will be the appearance of capsule?

A

Clear

68
Q

The best culture media to use the support the growth of encapsulated bacteria

A

Milk broth

69
Q

In the Schaeffer-Fulton staining technique, whoch stain is taken up by the spore?

A

Malachite

70
Q

In the Leifson flagellar staining technique, the flagella will stain

A

Red

71
Q

Possible error in the demonstration of spore doing staining:
A. Stain has dried out
B. Washing with tap water
C. Heating of preparation
D. Application of safranin instead of methylene blue

A

A

72
Q

In the Dorner method for staining spores, what is the purpose of steaming over a container of bpiling water?

A

Allow the penetration of stain

73
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the mannitol salt agar?
A. The presence of mannitol makes it highly selective media
B. Phenol red acts as an indicator for a color change
C. NaCl allows the growth of only Staph species
D. The production of acid by the bacteria causes the yellow color in the medium

A

A

74
Q

The change of color in the MSA indicates

A

Utilization of mannitol by the organism

75
Q

Most common pathogen in throat cultures

A

Group A streptococci

76
Q

S.pyogenes can be differentiated from other hemolytic Strep on the basis of

A

Bacitracin sensitivity

77
Q

Staph spp that have a lemon yellow pigment in a culture medium

A

Staph saprophyticus

78
Q

CAMP factor produced by Group B beta-hemolytic strep
A. Reduces the zone of lysis formed by strep
B. Hydrolyzed the B factor
C. Causes change in color
D. Enlarges the zone of lysis formed by Staphylococcal beta-hemolysin

A

D

79
Q

Rheumatic feber damages the ____, and glomerulonephritis damages the ____

A

Heart valves; kidney

80
Q

An extracellular enzyme produced by S.pyogenes and is calles as spreading factor

A

Hyaluronidase

81
Q

MIC values is

A

The lowest concentration that allows growth

82
Q

Bile esculin test is used to differentiate

A

Group D strep from other strep

83
Q

Optochin test is done only on colonies of whoch hemolytic type?

A

Alpha

84
Q

Growth in 6.5% salt broth and esculin hydrolysis are tests for

A

Enterococci

85
Q

A small zone of alpha hemolysis surroundedby a zone of beta hemolysis

A

Alpha prime hemolysis

86
Q

Microscopic morphology of Neisseria spp

A

Gram negative diplococci

87
Q

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome is a complication of infection with which organism?

A

N.meningitidis

88
Q

Gram -, non-motile, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, catalase negative

A

N.elongata

Board Exam (5 decks)

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