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DWT Exam 3 > Bacteriology 15: Mycoplasma and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteriology 15: Mycoplasma and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Mycoplasma
*size, deficiencies, cell wall (what does this cause),

A

Small bacteria

Many nutritional deficiencies
-CANNOT synthesize amino acids or vitamins or lipids
- some (hemotropic) CANNOT be cultivated in vitro

NO cell wall
-beta-lactams have NO effect
-ANTIMICROBIAL SELECTION
-poor gram staining
-INCREASED DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTY

Cell membrane cholesterol –need serum in media to culture
-NEED SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS

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2
Q

Characteristics of mycoplasma

A

Colonize mucosal surfaces or RBC
-Respiratory and UT

-May attach to RBC (hemotropic mycoplasmas)

Some can invade host cells

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3
Q

How do break up the genus mycoplasmas?

A

Tropism!

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4
Q

What does a hemotropic mycoplasmas look like microsopically?

A
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5
Q

What is the most IMPORTANT Hemotrophic we will be studying?

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

CATS

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6
Q

What is the source of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas?

A

Carrier animals

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7
Q

How are Hemotropic Mycoplasmas transmited?

A

Blood

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8
Q

What are the target cells of Hemotropic Mycoplasmas?

A

Erythrocytes

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9
Q

How are Hemotropic Mycoplasmas pathogens?

A

Primarily EXTRAvascular hemolysis

Predisposing factors/agents

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10
Q

What are clinical signs that Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas are present?

A

Hemolytic anemia

ICTERUS

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11
Q

How do you diagnosis Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas?

A

Serology

BLOOD SMEAR

PCR

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12
Q

How do you treat Hemotrophic Mycoplasmas?

A

Tetracyclines

Supportive care

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13
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis species it effects?

A

CATS

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14
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis is transmitted by?

A

Placental

Fleas

Blood

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15
Q

How do you read a blood smear?

A

Bacteria on RBCs

Agglutination

Ghost cells

Spherocytes

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16
Q

Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas source is?

A

Mucosal epithelia

Carriers

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17
Q

Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas are transmitted byNon-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas

A

Direct contact

Inhalation of aerosols

Vertical

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18
Q

What are the target cells for Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Epithelium

Mesothelium

19
Q

What are clinical signs of Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Depend on target cells affected

Typically:
-conjunctivitis
-sinusitis
-pneumonia
-polyserositis
-polyarthritis
-mastitis
-urogenital disease

20
Q

How do you diagnosis Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Presumptive

Direct examination

SEROLOGY

CULTURE
-diagnosis standard
-special culture requirements
-delicate and needs quick transport to the lab
-low sensitivity
-“Fried- egg” colonies

Detection
-PCR

21
Q

How do you treat Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Tetracyclines

Tylosin
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
May need to cull

22
Q

How do you prevent Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Biosecurity

reduce stress

23
Q

What is the Bovine Non-Hemotrophic mycoplasmas?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

24
Q

What does Mycoplasma bovis effect

A

ONLY cattle

25
Q

What are clinical signs of Mycoplasma bovis

A

Mastitis

pneumonia

polyarthritis

otitis media (calves)

26
Q

What do Obligate intracellular bacteria require?

A

Require host cells for replication

  • Elaborate mechanisms for acquiring and
    invading host cells
  • Have multiple systems for surviving
    within host cells
  • Dependence on host cells is usually
    nutritional
27
Q

What are mechanisms of persistence and proliferation in the host that obligate intracellular bacteria use?

A
  1. Multiply inside the vacuole
    * Chlamydia, Mycobacterium
  2. Survive the conditions in the phagolysosome
    * Salmonella, Yersinia, Coxiella
  3. Escape from the vacuole and proliferate in the cytoplasm
    * Rickettsia
28
Q

Coxiella Burnetii
fever, reportable, select agent, transmission?

A

“Q fever”

Reportable & zoonotic

Select agent – potential bioterrorism agent

2 transmission sources
* Wildlife/tick cycle
* Sheep, goats,
cattle

29
Q

When is coxiella infectious?

A

SMALL CELL VARIANT
-highly resistant spore like
-non-replicating
-extracellular

30
Q

What cells does coxiella target?

A

Monocytes

Macrophages

Placental epithelial cells

31
Q

What are clinical signs of coxiella burnetii?

A

Late-term ruminant abortions

Other repro signs

Can shed even if not clinically affected

32
Q

Sources of coxiella burnetii?

A

Secreted in milk, urine, feces, reproductive secretions

  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Direct/venereal contact

Arthropods (>40 tick species)

SCV are very resistant in environment 31
The Center for Food Security and Public Health – Iowa State University

33
Q

How do you diagnosis coxiella burnetii

A

Presumptive – necropsy & histopathology
-Fetus (may be autolyzed)
-Placenta (leathery w/ white exudate)
* Differential Dx: Chlamydia abortus

Direct detection
* Cannot culture in vet diagnostic lab
-Immunohistochemistry
-PCR

Exposure to agent
Serology 32

34
Q

Zoonotic aspects of coxella burnetii?

A

Human disease – flu-like illness in most people
* Fever, fatigue, headache, muscle ache, weight loss, cough

May become severe with pneumonia and hepatitis

Rarely, people may develop chronic Q Fever & endocarditis

Often due to occupational exposures

35
Q

Chlamydias are what cellular organisms?

A

Obligate intracellular organisms

36
Q

What are the required cells chlamydia need?

A

Eukaryotic cells as hosts
-NEED HOST CELLS IN ORDER TO REPLICATE

37
Q

Chlamydia target cells are?

A

epithelium

38
Q

What are sources of Chlamydia?

A

Carrier animals
cats, cattle, small rum., birds, ect.

Diseased animals

39
Q

How is Chlamydia transmitted?

A

direct contact

inhalation

ingestion

sexual

vertical

40
Q

What are clinical signs of Chlamydia?

A
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Polyarthritis
  • Polyserositis
  • Hepatitis
  • Enteritis
  • Encephalomyelitis
  • Urogenital disease
41
Q

How do you Diagnosis Chlamydia?

A

Often presumptive

Serology

Direct detection
* PCR
* Cytology + stains
* Fluorescent antibody

42
Q

How do treat Chlamydia?

A

Tetracyclines

43
Q

Ho wdo you prevent chlamydia?

A

Biosecurity

Reduce stress

44
Q

What are the Chlamydias that are public health concerns?

A
  • Chlamydia felis
  • Chlamydia psittaci
  • Chlamydia abortus

DWT Exam 3 (8 decks)

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