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NAVLE > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Mastitis- contagious pathogens

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mycoplasma

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2
Q

Mastitis- environmental pathogens

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

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3
Q

Coliform mastitis

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Most common cause of fatal mastitis
Mammary infarcts, thin, serosanguinous milk with fibrinous secretions

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4
Q

Staphylococcal mastitis

A

Second most common cause of fatal mastitis
Gangrenous teats (red/black), suppurative or granulomatous inflammation (firm, tan-white nodules), thick, tan milk

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5
Q

Listeriosis

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Bacteria found in poor-quality silage (high pH) and in dead/dying vegetation
Ingested bacteria travel up trigeminal nerve and form microabscesses in the brainstem
Characterized by unilateral cranial nerve signs, including vestibular signs

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6
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Bovine footrot

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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9
Q

Ovine footrot

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

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10
Q

Bovine digital dermatitis (“hairy heel warts”)

A

Treponema

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11
Q

Bovine actinomycosis

A

“Lumpy jaw”
Actinomyces bovis

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12
Q

Woody tongue

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

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13
Q

Bovine salmonellosis

A

S. typhimurium, S. newport, S. dublin
Most infections are subclinical, organisms are ubiquitous
Usually only causes disease if GI stasis or dysbiosis occur
Septicemia, acute or chronic enteritis, asymptomatic carrier state
Acute enteritis- fever, anorexia, foul-smelling diarrhea with casts/sheets of fibrin (sloughing mucosa), can be associated with dry gangrene of distal limbs
Ceftiofur is treatment of choice

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14
Q

Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease)

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
Persists in environment

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15
Q

Bovine enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli

A

Disease affects calves <3 days of age
Watery, yellow diarrhea, may have blood

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16
Q

Bovine clostridial enteritis

A

Clostridium perfringens type A- acute hemorrhagic abomasitis of calves (2-4 months of age)
C. perfringens type C- neurologic signs, sudden death

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17
Q

Fowl cholera

A

Pasteurella multocida
Severe pneumonia and/or septicemia
Chickens and turkeys >10 weeks of age
Carried by mammals and spread in the water
Sudden death, mucoid discharge from the mouth, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and increased respiratory rate

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18
Q

Poultry salmonellosis

A

Many species of Salmonella, including Salmonella enteritidis which causes disease in humans
High mortality in birds <2 weeks of age
Omphalitis, peritonitis, cecal cores, hepatitis, myocarditis
Can cause paratyphoid in older birds - hepatomegaly, perihepatitis, airsacculitis

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19
Q

Porcine colibacillosis

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Profuse yellow, watery diarrhea that can start as little as 12 hours as birth
Chyle in lacteals of small intestine mesentery
100% morbidity, high mortality
Vaccination and environmental control

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20
Q

Porcine edema disease

A

E. coli (may or may not be enterotoxigenic)
Shiga-like toxin damages vascular endothelium causing visible edema of stomach, colon, and eyelids
Neurologic signs result from edema and necrosis of the brain

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21
Q

Porcine salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium (enterocolitis) and S. choleraesuis (systemic disease)
Enteritis- yellowish diarrhea with or without blood, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, thickened intestines with fibrin, “button” ulcers in small intestine, rectal stricture*
Systemic- pneumonia, paratyphoid nodules; non-responsive to penicillin!

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22
Q

Swine dysentery

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea with high morbidity/moderate mortality
Large intestine only
Microscopic visualization of organism (spirochete)
Brachyspira pilisicoli (similar disease with less severe symptoms)

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23
Q

Porcine proliferative enteropathy

A

“Ileitis”
Lawsonia intracellularis
Dark, hemorrhagic diarrhea (acute) or intermittent diarrhea and wasting (chronic)
Hemorrhage and thickening of small intestine (“garden hose gut”)
PCR (culture NOT possible, intracellular organism)

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24
Q

Porcine mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Secondary infections are main concern (PRDC)
Chronic cough, especially induced by excitement/exercise
Other signs of illness mild or absent
Cranioventral lung consolidation
PCR (culture is difficult)
Vaccination recommended if exposure is likely

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25
Q

Porcine pleuropneumonia

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
Fever, labored breathing, hemorrhagic nasal discharge or saliva, sudden death
Minimal to no coughing
Pulmonary hemorrhage and infarction
Culture (requires NAD)

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26
Q

Porcine pasteurellosis

A

Pasteurella multocida
Chronic cough, decreased growth rate
Purulent bronchopneumonia
Culture

27
Q

Porcine polyserositis (3 main causes)

A

Streptococcus suis - post-weaning; meningitis* (neurologic signs), pneumonia, polyserositis, neutrophilic
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s disease) - post-weaning; meningitis, pneumonia, polyserositis*, neutrophilic
Mycoplasma hyorhinis- polyserositis, polyarthritis, lymphocytic

Culture

28
Q

Porcine bordetellosis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Hemorrhagic lobular consolidation in nursing/recently-weaned pigs
Can cause atrophic rhinitis n conjunction with Pasteurella multocida (sneezing, tearing, epistaxis, loss of nasal turbinates, distortion of snouts)

29
Q

Porcine leptospirosis

A

Leptospira pomona* and L. bratislava
Most common sign is late-term abortion (3rd trimester)
Vaccination commonly recommened
Tetracycline antibiotics
Zoonotic

30
Q

Porcine neonatal septicemia

A

Most commonly Streptococcus sp. and E. coli
“Navel ill”
Polyarthritis

31
Q

Exudative dermatitis

A

Staphylococcus hyicus
Non-pruitic skin condition
Brown-to-black greasy exudate on skin

32
Q

Eperythrozoonosis

A

Mycoplasma suis
Damages red blood cells
Fever, icterus, anemia

33
Q

Erysipelas

A

Erysipelopthrix rhusiopathiae
“Diamond skin disease” - diamond skin lesions pathognomonic but uncommon
Arthritis/lameness, vegetative endocarditis, cutaneous erythema, sudden death
Penicillin
Vaccination recommended

34
Q

Porcine cystitis/polynephritis

A

Actinobacterium suis
Fever, hematuria, PU/PD
Alkaline urine

35
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis
Swine relatively resistant

36
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Swine- Mycobacterium avium (of little concern)
Bovine- Mycobacterium bovis- firm, encapsulated nodules containing caseous material in lungs

37
Q

Endocarditis

A

Bovine- Trueperella pyogenes, tricuspid valve (right-sided heart failure)

38
Q

Ruminant sinusitis

A

Dehorning-associated - Trueperella pyogenes, frontal sinus, penicillin
Infected teeth - Pastueruella multocida, maxillary sinus, tetracyclines/macrolides
Nasal discharge, stridor, head tilt, exophthalmos, neurologic signs
Establish drainage!

39
Q

Necrotic laryngitis

A

Calf diphtheria- infection of laryngeal mucosa and cartilage
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Inspiratory dyspnea, open-mouthed breathing, extended neck, halitosis, frequent swallowing
Arytenoid chondritis can result (fibrotic) - requires surgery

40
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica (BRDC)

A

Necrotizing fibrinous broncho/pleuropneumonia (thoracic pain)
Leukotoxin - lysis of WBCs and platelets
LPS - endotoxemia
Cranioventral lung consolidation

41
Q

Pasteurella multocida (BRDC)

A

Pneumonia
Less severe disease and shorter duration that M. haemolytica
Endotoxemia can occur
Cranioventral lung consolidation

42
Q

Histophilus somni (BRDC + other)

A

Respiratory disease - pneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis
Neurologic disease - thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
Other disease - otitis polyarthritis, myocarditis (left ventricle)
Vasculitis and vascular thrombi + hypersensitivity-like reaction (produces histamine + IgE production)
Profound depression, tachypnea, stiffness, weakness/ataxia, lameness, sudden death
Vaccination available, chance of hypersensitivity reaction

43
Q

Mycoplasma bovis (BRDC + other)

A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, arthritis, tenosynovitis, otitis
Common complaint is animal is not responding to treatment (Mycoplasma)
Can be transmitted in milk to calves
Vaccination, must contain leukotoxin and be species-appropriate

44
Q

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

A

Serious cause of mortality for kids and does
Peracute - high fever and rapid death
Neurologic syndrome - CNS signs and rapid death
Acute/subacute - high fever, swollen joints, pneumonia
Fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, ~50% have pneumonia
Culture milk

45
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

A

Internal or subcutaneous abscesses in ruminants
Metastatic pneumonia - abscesses in lungs caused by septic thromboembolism often from liver abscesses secondary to ruminitis (other common organism is Fusobacterium necrophorum); epistaxis/hemoptysis, dyspnea, pallor (intrapulmonary hemorrhage), cor pulmonale (right-sided CHF)
Also associated with sinusitis following dehorning, contagious mastitis, and endocarditis

46
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (also causes “pigeon fever” in horses and bovine ulcerative lymphangitis)
Disease of small ruminants
Internal form - pyogranulomatous abscesses mediastinal/mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and other internal organs
External form (most common) - abscessation of external lymph nodes
Culture of abscess contents
No antibiotics (uncurable), strict isolation while lesion is draining

47
Q

Dermatophilosis

A

“Rain rot”
Dermatophilus congolensis
Infective zoospores activated by moisture
Non-pruritic lesions on dorsum and lower limbs
“Paint brush” tufts of fur overlying crusts - beneath crusts is pus and pink granulation tissue
Impression smear- 2-8 parallel rows (“railroad track” or “congo line”) of cocci bacteria

48
Q

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

A

“Pinkeye”
Most common eye disease of cattle
Transmitted by flies
Moraxella bovis - cytotoxin that damages corneal epithelium resulting in a corneal ulcer
Synergism with bovine herpesvirus-1 and Mycoplasma infections (conjunctivitis)
Blepharospasm, epiphora, photophobia, corneal edema, ulcer
Topical antibiotics

49
Q

Small ruminant keratoconjunctivitis

A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae
Epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia, usually unilateral
Recover spontaneously in ~10 days
Direct transmission, can be reinfected or become carrier

Chlamydophila pecorum
Epiphora, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia
Bilaterally symmetric
Associated with polyarthritis
Usually self-limiting

50
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis

A

Anaplasma marginale
Transmitted by Dermacenter tick species
Most cattle do not develop disease, become life-long carriers
Disease characterized by extravascular hemolysis - anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, weakness, high fever
Organisms on periphery of RBC on blood smear
Tetracyclines

51
Q

Bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

Disease of cattle caused by Clostridium novyi type D
Bacteria gain entry into liver and remain quiescent - liver damage (often Fasciola hepatica) provides anaerobic environment for bacteria - toxins released into bloodstream - intravascular hemolysis
Hemoglobinuria, pigment nephropathy
Can give penicillin but prognosis is poor
Control liver flukes (Clostridium vaccine ineffective)

52
Q

Bovine ulcerative lymphangitis

A
53
Q

Bovine pyelonephritis

A

Corynebacterium renale

54
Q

Bovine leptospirosis

A
55
Q

Chlamydiosis

A
56
Q

Campylobacteriosis

A
57
Q

Brucellosis

A
58
Q

Q-fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

59
Q

mycoplasma hyosynoviae

A
59
Q

Turkey coryza (bordetellosis)

A
60
Q

Infectious coryza (chickens)

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

61
Q

Poultry Mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

62
Q

Poultry chlamydiosis (psittacosis)

A
63
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

NAVLE (2 decks)

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