Bacteriology

Question 1

What must all Gram-Staining samples be? Give examples.

Answer 1

Sterile e.g. milk, urine, body cavity effusions, joint fluid, CSF

Question 2

Give 4 examples of Gram-Positive organisms.

Answer 2

Staphyloccoccus spp
Streptococcus spp
Enterococcus spp
Clostridium spp
Listeria spp
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Bacillus spp
Corynebacterium spp
Trueperella spp
Actinomycetes spp

Question 3

Give 5 examples of Gram-Negative organisms.

Answer 3

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus spp
Campylobacter spp
Salmonella serotypes
Enterobacter spp
Pseudomonas spp
Yersinia spp
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mannheimia haemolytica
Pasteurella spp
Haemophilus spp
Brucella spp

Question 4

What stain should be used for the detection of Dermatophilus congolensis?

Answer 4

Giemsa

Question 5

Give an example of an aerobic bacteria.

Answer 5

Nocardia spp

Question 6

Give 2 examples of facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Answer 6

Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

Question 7

Give an example of an obligate anaerobe.

Answer 7

Bacteroides spp

Clostridium spp

Question 8

Give an example of a microaerophilic bacteria.

Answer 8

Campylobacter spp

Question 9

Describe the criteria for “susceptible”, “intermediate” and “resistant” interpretations in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Answer 9

Susceptible: isolate can be treated with the standard dose rate for the species and condition
Intermediate: lesser response than above, ensure the drug chosen will be physiologically concentrated at the site OR give at a higher (non-toxic) dose
Resistant: isolate is not inhibited by useable doses

Question 10

Define what a multi-drug resistant organism is.

Answer 10

Organism is resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent within 3 or more antimicrobial classes to which the organism is normally susceptible.